Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies最新文献_第2页

The Image of the United Kingdom in Chinese History Textbooks of the 1930–1940s 20世纪30 - 40年代中国历史教科书中的英国形象

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.21638/SPBU13.2019.209

Aleksandrs Dmitrenko

{"title":"The Image of the United Kingdom in Chinese History Textbooks of the 1930–1940s","authors":"Aleksandrs Dmitrenko","doi":"10.21638/SPBU13.2019.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU13.2019.209","url":null,"abstract":"The article represents an analysis of the image of the United Kingdom in Chinese textbooks of the 1930–1940s on the history of China and World history. A comparison of the image of the United Kingdom in Chinese history textbooks and World history textbooks will let us identify what kind of common image of this country was created in the minds of Chinese students of the 1930–1940s. The period covered in this paper includes the Nanking decade, when the Kuomindang implemented a more nationalist educational policy, and the period preceding the foundation of the PRC. There is a duality of the image of the United Kingdom in both the Chinese history textbooks and the World history textbooks. In the Chinese history textbooks the British are portrayed as quite “tenacious” people, who harbored hatred towards the Chinese because of their refusal to cooperate, and they are also portrayed as occupiers. On the other hand, the textbooks indicate, that the Chinese diplomatic policy was not always right and there were some domestic problems that contributed to development of conflicts, diplomatic defeats and lost of the wars. In the World history textbooks the United Kingdom is an imperialistic country; however, it is considered to be “the engine of progress”, the creator of constitutionalism and an advocate of human rights. While describing the United Kingdom as a distinguished Western European state, the textbooks do not create a holistic image of a concrete state, but rather an image of an “imperialistic power”, denouncing imperialism as a whole. Nevertheless, the authors indicate certain features that are typical of the United Kingdom, namely, the leading role in the process of globalization, in promotion of imperialism and technological and scientific progress. Having provided an overview of the Western countries the authors of the history textbooks primarly focus on China.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127566602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Global Economic Integration on Africa in the 21st Century 21世纪全球经济一体化对非洲的影响

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2019.207

P. Adebayo, J. Onyekpe, A. Afolabi

{"title":"The Impact of Global Economic Integration on Africa in the 21st Century","authors":"P. Adebayo, J. Onyekpe, A. Afolabi","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2019.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2019.207","url":null,"abstract":"Has global economic integration in the 21 st century raised the hope of Africa beyond the traditional approach of providing aid to help her end poverty? Are there remarkable differences in the approaches of some regional economic blocs like BRICS, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and multilateral groups such as IMF, World Bank etc. towards Africa? What has been and should be the basis of bilateral or even, multilateral development relationships between these groups and Africa? To answer the questions, the study explores the philosophy behind the donor-recipient and equal partners’ approaches to development. It juxtaposes the depredatory effects of the socio-political and economic conditionality that the West has inflicted on Africa (ranging from integrated rural development in the 1970s, to policy reform in the 1980s, to governance in the 1990s, and respect for human rights in the 2000 (especially the gay rights movement and so on) and alternative models. The paper observes that the burden of foreign aid, loan agreement, economic and technical cooperation agreement, debt sustainability, etc. have deepened Africa’s vulnerability rather than brighten its prospects in a global market. By hinging its argument on the assumption that any global economic integration that imposes political and economic conditionality in exchange for aid is anti-development, this paper further submits that African countries should be free to negotiate their own pathway out of poverty as equal partners in development. Only by comparing and exchanging views, rather than tutorials, the more useful engagement between Africa and the rest of the world could become possible. It concludes that mutually–beneficial relations between Africa and economic cooperation blocs will become possible, but only if African governments can take hold of these opportunities in ways that will benefit their people. Africa governments should focus on win-win approach that is not about aid but business.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123879769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Family Gender Roles at the Beginning of 20th Century in Su Tong’s Novel “Wives and Concubines” 20世纪初苏童小说《妻妾》中的家庭性别角色

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2019.205

A. Lobova

{"title":"Family Gender Roles at the Beginning of 20th Century in Su Tong’s Novel “Wives and Concubines”","authors":"A. Lobova","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2019.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2019.205","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is the examination the Su Tong’s novel “Wives and Concubines” as historical resource to study the position of women in the first quarter of the 20 th century in China. Literature can be accurate in assessing changes in mentality of a certain society. The process of the women’s role transformation is still one of the most complex and insufficiently studied topics. In the first part of the 20 th century, Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing Dynasty and China experienced a great influence of the Western culture. This era was also characterized by the rising movement for women’s rights. In the novel “Wives and Concubines”, Su Ting demonstrates the harsh reality of women from province, where the traditions, sexual policy, gender and class hierarchies were the means of women’s oppression. Within the narrative of novel, women are abused by the androcentric culture. In 1911, the revolution didn’t change the rules that govern the Chinese society. The strong perception of power-related norms in people’s ideology about marriage still persevered, traditional role of women was linked to family, thus limiting the career development and ambitions. Women were to be defined as obedient and dependent on support from their husbands, even if they sacrifice their own careers.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131843300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Jawaharlal Nehru, Le Corbusier and an Attempt to Construct the ‘Ideal City’ in South Asia 贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁、勒·柯布西耶与南亚“理想城市”建设的尝试

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.21638/SPBU13.2019.208

Ekaterina Aloyants, I. Kotin

{"title":"Jawaharlal Nehru, Le Corbusier and an Attempt to Construct the ‘Ideal City’ in South Asia","authors":"Ekaterina Aloyants, I. Kotin","doi":"10.21638/SPBU13.2019.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU13.2019.208","url":null,"abstract":"In this article an attempt is made to sketch the history of Chandigarh as the new ideal city in India and the capital first of Punjab and later of Punjab and Haryana. The analysis of the personal role of India’s Prime-Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and world’s leading architect Le Corbusier in the construction of Chandigarh is made. It is argued by the authors that the role of Jawaharlal Nehru in the planning and construction of Chandigarh was vital for its success. The importance of Chandigarh as the ideal city and the pattern for construction of new cities in India is investigated. The good sides and the bad sides of Chandigarh are studied. The authors stress the importance of Jawaharlal Nehru’s role as the initiator of the construction and the person who chose first Meyer and Nowicky and later Le Corbusier as the main architects of the city. It was Le Corbusier who made Chandigarh famous. The authors argue that it was Chandigarh that helped Le Corbusier With the most ambitious plan of the construction of a new modern city, the ideal city and the city of the future. Political turmoil, however, put the ideal city of Chandigarh into the fire pan of dispute over it between the new states of Punjab and Haryana. The authors trace the origins and the main stages of the conflict and suggest their own solution of the ‘Chandigarh problem’.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128082494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Same But Different? On copies of the general history Ḥabīb al-siyar in Saint Petersburg manuscript collections 相同但不同?论通史抄本Ḥabīb al-siyar在圣彼得堡的手稿收藏

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-20 DOI: 10.21638/SPBU13.2019.104

Philip Bockholt

{"title":"Same But Different? On copies of the general history Ḥabīb al-siyar in Saint Petersburg manuscript collections","authors":"Philip Bockholt","doi":"10.21638/SPBU13.2019.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU13.2019.104","url":null,"abstract":"Manuscript copies of the 16 th century general history Ḥabīb al-siyar fī akhbār afrād al-bashar (Beloved of Careers: On the Accounts of People) written in Persian by Ghiyāth al-Dīn Muḥammad Kh v āndamīr (d. 942/1535–6) are preserved in many collections worldwide. As the author rewrote his text several times during the time he worked for the Safavids under Shah Ismāʿīl in Iran and the Mughal emperor Bābur in India respectively, extant copies of the work are not identical but differ remarkably. The article tackles the issue of textual differences in extant manuscripts and is threefold: first, it discusses observations advanced in the writings of the Russian scholar N. D. Miklukho-Maklai based on his work at the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Second, it examines variations in the corpus of twenty-five copies of Ḥabīb al-siyar kept today in the manuscript collections of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, the National Library of Russia, and Saint Petersburg State University. The textual differences contained in the manuscripts of the corpus clearly indicate that Ḥabīb al-siyar had two versions of equal status (“Shiʿi” and “Sunni”). In a last step, by exploring paratextual elements such as ownership and endowment remarks, or birth notes, the article addresses the question of readership, i.e. how people actually read, copied, sold or commented upon copies of the work.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130729409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

East Syriac Literary Life in the mid-16th Century: ‘Abdīšō‘ of Gāzartā and Older Contemporary Poets 16世纪中期的东叙利亚文学生活:Gāzartā的“Abdīšō”和当代老年诗人

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-20 DOI: 10.21638/SPBU13.2019.107

Anton D. Pritula

{"title":"East Syriac Literary Life in the mid-16th Century: ‘Abdīšō‘ of Gāzartā and Older Contemporary Poets","authors":"Anton D. Pritula","doi":"10.21638/SPBU13.2019.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU13.2019.107","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the East Syriac literary circle of the of the early Ottoman Empire period. Its most important representative is ʿAbdīsōʿ of Gāzartā, the second patriarch of the new Church (1555–1570), and also an outstanding poet, whose legacy remains to a large extent unstudied, though. Even less is known about the works of his contemporaries, such as Darwīs of Gāzartā, Abrāhām of Bēt Slōk and ʿAṭāyā of Gāzartā. They communicated with him, and devoted his poems at least to the first two of them, despite their belonging to the traditionalist (“Nestorian”) patriarchate. Based on the texts and manuscripts unknown before, the paper shows in the article that the literary circle of that period was determined not by the Church affiliation, but rather geographically. ʿAbdīsōʿ as well as the poets he communicated with originated from the town of Gāzartā (North Mesopotamia, present Turkey) or from its neighbourhood, and some of them might have been his relatives. As a result of the long coexistence with Persian and Arabic Islamic culture, the sphere of use of poetry in the Syriac tradition was expanding in the next centuries. Its further development in the 16th century is one of numerous examples of wide use of the literary canons created in the period of so-called Syriac Renaissance (11th –14th centuries). In the Ottoman time, the extension of poetry use reached its apogee, taking into consideration also numerous short poems written by the scribes as verse additions to various manuscripts.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123253206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Evolution of Russia’s Image in China in the early 20th century: Key Factors and Research Methodology 20世纪初俄罗斯在中国形象的演变:关键因素与研究方法

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies Pub Date : 2019-03-20 DOI: 10.21638/SPBU13.2019.102

N. Samoylov

{"title":"The Evolution of Russia’s Image in China in the early 20th century: Key Factors and Research Methodology","authors":"N. Samoylov","doi":"10.21638/SPBU13.2019.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU13.2019.102","url":null,"abstract":"The paper features a study of one of the key stages in the process of evolution of Russia’s image in China, namely, the beginning of the 20th century. The interformational and intercivilizational nature of Chinese society in that period predetermined the necessity for social and political institutions to balance between the monarchy and the republic, while in the public consciousness it caused a desire to begin an active search for new paths of development associated with borrowing some patterns from cultural traditions and social practices of other societies. The author believes that it was precisely those circumstances that largely determined the formation of an ambivalent image of Russia at that time. In the beginning of the 20th century, Russia’s image in China was simultaneously that of an “aggressive” northern neighbour and that of a country with a rich spiritual heritage worth learning and getting experience from. The article discusses importance of translations of Russian literature for the formation of Russia’s image in China in the early 20th century and a role of Chinese revolutionaries in construction of the image of the Russian Revolution. The article also considers some methodological approaches to the study of images and stereotypes. Nowadays studying national and ethnic images and stereotypes in the current context becomes extremely important, having considerable scholarly and practical significance.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134206536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

King Yima — Jam — Jamshid: From Mythological Hero to Literary Image 伊玛-贾姆-贾姆希德国王:从神话英雄到文学形象

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2020.303

M. Reisner

{"title":"King Yima — Jam — Jamshid: From Mythological Hero to Literary Image","authors":"M. Reisner","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2020.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2020.303","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the evolution of the mythological personage, ancient king, and cultural hero Yima in Persian literature of the Muslim period. With the help of translations of the Avesta as well as commentary and theological texts of Middle Persian literature, the work depicts Yima’s main creative functions as the keeper and protector of living beings, ruler of the world in the “Golden Age,” grantor of corporeal immortality, upholder of the cosmic and social order, and savior of the world from a natural catastrophe. These functions are opposed by the role of Yima as the first sinner, through whose fault the “Golden Age” was lost. The rudiments of the complex of mythological legends that have developed around Yima are reflected in Shahnama, the great epos that continued the Iranian narrative tradition of ancient times and the early Middle Ages. All the motifs based on Jam-Jamshid’s legends in different genres of lyric and lyric-epic poetry of XI–XIV centuries can be divided into three groups and they reflect the dual attitude towards this hero. The choice of a motif of a certain group in Persian classical poetry directly depended on genre context (panegyric, didactic, mysticallegoric, anacreontic). In lyric-epic and lyric poetry (qasida and qhazal), the circle of motifs connected with Jam-Jamshid are concentrated around Jamshid’s Throne and Jamshid’s Cup. Some similarities of Jamshid and Suleiman stories led to a merging of the two heroes in the Iranian tradition and even to a contamination of their roles and attributes. Sufi poets often used the motif Jamshid’s Cup showing the entire Universe (jam-i giti-nama) as a symbol of mystical knowledge.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117136322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Study on Korean Translation of Russian Idioms Related to Human Names 俄语人名习语的韩语翻译研究

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2022.107

Yong-Gi Choe, Yong-Gum Pak

{"title":"Study on Korean Translation of Russian Idioms Related to Human Names","authors":"Yong-Gi Choe, Yong-Gum Pak","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2022.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.107","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes Russian idioms related to human names culturally and linguistically according to their origins and describes some methods for translating them into Korean. In any national language, idiom is one of linguistic means that enriches the vocabulary and is actively utilizedwith high expressiveness, brevity, and vividness in people’s everyday life. Such idioms often have unique national and cultural qualities because they have been created from the cultural background peculiar to the nation. Thus in teaching and learning foreign languages, it is important to have a correct understanding of the main meaning of the idioms as well as the nation’s inherent history, tradition, and culture and use them in conformity with the linguistic situation and occasions. The purpose of the paper is to classify Russian idioms related to human names according to their origins and to analyze them culturally and linguistically. Another goal is to study some suitable Korean translation methods for representing not only the meaning of the expressions, but also complementary national and cultural meanings contained in them. Idioms related to the human names have stronger national coloring than other phraseological units, and therefore we should apply certain techniques in translating them into other languages. If we translate literally, without taking into account additional national information which these idioms have, we can’t absolutely and perfectly convey the author’s or the speaker’s intention. This can result in misunderstanding of elementary meanings in translation. The conclusion is that when translating idioms related to human names, the translator must be adroit in using various translating methods according to certain meanings of their idiomatic units, complementary cultural information, the author’s intention, overall color of the context, and the readers’ cultural level.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123760433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Persian Mirrors for Princes Written in the Saljuq Period: the Book Series 写于萨尔柱时期的波斯王子镜:丛书

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2019.306

A. Khismatulin

{"title":"The Persian Mirrors for Princes Written in the Saljuq Period: the Book Series","authors":"A. Khismatulin","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2019.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2019.306","url":null,"abstract":"The article begins with a concise description of the genre, period, and classical Persian texts covered by the announced book series of three books: 1) Amir Mu‘izzi Nishapuri. The Siyasatnama/Siyar al-muluk: A Fabrication Ascribed to Nizam al-Mulk — this text is still being published and reprinted under the authorship of Nizam al-Mulk, an outstanding Prime Minister of the Saljuqids. However, the results of historical, codicological and textual analyzes show that the text was compiled by Muhammad Mu‘izzi Nishapuri, the head of poets department under the Saljuqid rulers Malik-shah and his son Sanjar, and then attributed by him to the dead Nizam al-Mulk with completely definite goals; 2) The Writings of Imam al-Ghazali is a book that includes six texts. Three of them are authentic: a student manual entitled by the author as the Zad-i Akhirat (Provisions for the Hereafter); an authentic part of al-Ghazali’s epistle to Sultan Sanjar entitled the Nasihat al-muluk (Counsel for Kings) and a medieval collection of letters addressed by the Imam to various recipients and entitled the Fada’il al-anam min rasa’il Hujjat al-Islam (The Virtues of People [drawn] from the Epistles of the Proof of Islam). The remaining three texts are fabrications; 3) Kay Kawus b. Iskandar b. Qabus. Qabus-nama (The Book of Qabus) and Nizami ‘Aruzi Samarqandi. Chahar maqala/Majma‘ al-nawadir (Four Discourses/The Miscellany of rarities) is a book that includes two authentic texts. After this, the article touches upon the problem of existence of literary and physical forgeries in medieval Islamic literature, their categories and methods of their identification.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123789774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3