IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation最新文献

{"title":"Multi-Beam Conformal Leaky-Wave Antenna Fed by an Integrated Quasi-Optical System","authors":"Michael Dittman;Ethan Neitzke;Brian Wright;John Papapolymerou;Mauro Ettorre","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2026.3694256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2026.3694256","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fully conformal antenna system composed of an integrated multi-layer quasi-optical system and a conformal leaky-wave antenna (CLWA). The conformal system enables simultaneous beam steering in the E- and H-principal planes, multi-beam capability, and mitigation of geometric defocusing. The work represents a novel integration of quasi-optical structures with CLWAs. The CLWA is constructed from an array of slots on a double-grounded substrate illuminated by the conformal quasi-optical system. The antenna system operates in the band of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {22 GHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {26 GHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a design frequency of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {24.15 GHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The radiation patterns in the E- and H-planes of the CLWA are controlled by the leaky-wave mode and the quasi-optical system, respectively. The quasi-optical system is illuminated by seven input ports enabling azimuthal beam switching. The spacing between consecutive slot elements of the CLWA has been engineered to compensate for the defocusing induced by the conformal shape, such that the central feed horn in the focus of the quasi-optical system radiates broadside at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {24.15 GHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Numerical results are validated by a prototype in printed circuit board (PCB) technology. The input ports feature a reflection coefficient <inline-formula> <tex-math>$leq {text {-}10 {,}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>dB in the band of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {19.75 GHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {25.50 GHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathrm {25.41%}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The measured gain for the broadside beam is <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {23.35 dBi}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {24.15 GHz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a radiation efficiency of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathrm {65.36%}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The antenna can cover an angular range of approximately <inline-formula> <tex-math>${{33}}^{circ } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in elevation via frequency steering and a maximum of ±36.5° in azimuth via beam switching.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"7 4","pages":"1318-1328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11523027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Optimal Gain Mask for Phased Array-Fed Offset Reflectors","authors":"Minsang Yoon;Changhyeon Im;Changsung Kim;Wongu Seo;Seulgi Park;Hosung Choo","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2026.3696230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2026.3696230","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a method to derive an optimal gain mask to enhance the aperture efficiency of phased array-fed reflectors (PAFRs). The optimal gain mask is obtained to uniformly illuminate the offset reflector’s surface. The optimal gain mask is derived based on the square of the distances from the feed antenna to each point on the offset reflector surface. To generate a feed pattern similar to the optimal gain mask, a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array antenna is used as the feed antenna. Using this array antenna, beam synthesis is applied through the superposition of array patterns sampled at 1° intervals in both <inline-formula> <tex-math>$theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$varphi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In addition, to achieve sidelobe suppression, quadratic taper function is applied to the derived optimal gain mask. We then illuminate the reflector using three feed patterns: a synthesized beam based on the proposed mask, a synthesized beam following a cosecant-squared mask, and a single horn antenna pattern. In this case, the same quadratic tapering order of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 0.5 is applied to both the proposed gain mask and the cosecant-squared mask. The proposed method shows a bore-sight gain of 48.2 dBi and a sidelobe level (SLL) of −39.0 dB, representing improvements compared with the results obtained using the cosecant-squared-based pattern (47.5 dBi and −35.8 dB) and the horn antenna pattern (47.8 dBi and −34.0 dB). These results demonstrate that the proposed gain mask and beam synthesis method are effective in achieving high aperture efficiency and sidelobe suppression performance.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"7 4","pages":"1346-1355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11534851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallization Techniques for Additive Manufacturing of Antennas and RF Systems: A Survey","authors":"Ulan Myrzakhan;Hafsa Talpur;Juan Andres Vásquez-Peralvo;Shuai Zhang;Symeon Chatzinotas","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2026.3693263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2026.3693263","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing has recently become a manufacturing method of choice of the antennas and RF components, gaining traction not only in research but also in industrial applications. This fabrication approach offers unique advantages, including the ability to create complex, lightweight antenna structures monolithically, all within a low-cost and rapid fabrication process, using a wide variety of materials. While direct metal printing is possible, it typically yields heavy structures with rough surface finishes. The more widely used method involves high resolution dielectric printing followed by metallization. Given the increasing interest in this fabrication approach, several review papers have been published to highlight different additive manufacturing techniques. However, they mostly focus on the dielectric printing, offering limited insights into the various metallization strategies. The goal of this paper is to bridge that gap by compiling, categorizing and comparing the latest metallization techniques used in the literature to implement antennas and RF components in a single resource. The survey covers both full-surface metallization techniques (electroless plating, dip coating, spray plating), as well as more advanced methods (hydro/water transfer printing, screen printing, inkjet printing, fused deposition modeling, aerosol jet printing, ultra-precise dispensing) that enable high resolution patterned metallization. For each technique, the paper details the required equipment and conductive materials, and highlights notable antenna designs realized through these approaches. The authors believe this work will serve as a valuable reference for the antenna and RF research community involved in additive manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"7 4","pages":"1296-1317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11520320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Input-Blind Antenna Range Reflection Mitigation via Channel Estimation","authors":"Nicholas K. Host;Suhaily Cardona-Romero;Timothy A. Davis;Allan R. Jablon","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2026.3693124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2026.3693124","url":null,"abstract":"Antenna range surface reflections are commonly mitigated in continuous-wave measurements using frequency sweeps and time-domain gating; however, these techniques are not well suited for characterizing non-continuous-wave or operational waveforms radiated by integrated systems and subsystems. Channel-estimation-based reflection mitigation methods have been shown to address this limitation, but existing approaches require direct access to the transmit waveform, which is often unavailable in practice. This paper presents two input-blind antenna range reflection mitigation methods that operate using only signals collected at the range antenna, removing the need for access to the system under test’s internally generated transmit signal. Both methods leverage a characterization waveform to estimate the reflection response and subsequently predict and mitigate undesired multipath contributions in measured test signals. The proposed techniques are validated experimentally on an outdoor antenna range using a variety of waveform types, bandwidths, and pulsewidths, including measurements conducted in both controlled and complex reflection environments. Results demonstrate reflection mitigation performance comparable to prior channel-estimation-based approaches while significantly expanding applicability to integrated systems and measurement scenarios for which transmit signal access is infeasible.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"7 4","pages":"1287-1295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11517461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beam-Steerable Fabry–Perot Cavity Antenna With Mechanically Tunable Partially Reflective Surfaces for 6G Applications","authors":"Edoardo Giusti;Pierpaolo Usai;Danilo Brizi;Agostino Monorchio","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2026.3689395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2026.3689395","url":null,"abstract":"A Fabry-Perot cavity antenna with beam steering capability enabled by the movement of a Partially Reflective Surface (PRS) is presented. Fabry-Perot cavities are commonly used due to their attractive properties, especially high gain and low profile. However, this configuration also presents design challenges when deployed for beam steering. Typically, beam steering is achieved by incorporating varactors into the metasurface unit-cells to locally modify the phase response with a controlled slope, which significantly complicates the implementation due to the feeding network introduction. To address this issue, the proposed solution involves designing the cavity in such a way that beam steering is achieved solely by moving the passive Partially Reflective Surface (PRS) along the cavity height direction. However, this approach leads to an increase in the Side Lobe Level (SLL) values, which worsens with progressively larger beam angles. To overcome the drawback, an aperiodic version of the PRS is opportunely introduced. By comparing the radiation patterns of the cavity equipped with the classical periodic metasurface against the aperiodic design, both gain preservation and SLL values reduction can be accomplished. Through accurate numerical simulations and experimental measurements acquired on fabricated prototypes, it emerges that the use of an aperiodic metasurface results in a SLL reduction ranging from 7.66 dB to 3 dB while maintaining the same gain level. The reduction in SLL up to 40° of beam tilting angle makes this antenna a suitable candidate for future 6G applications, in which beam scanning plays a critical role.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"7 4","pages":"1232-1243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11501960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Task Learning for Real-Time Atmospheric Duct Characterization in Wireless Propagation Channels","authors":"Mohammed Banafaa;Ali Hussein Muqaibel","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2026.3698684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2026.3698684","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric ducting significantly influences radio wave propagation, especially in maritime and desert regions. Rapid refractive-index variations critically affect signal propagation, especially for next-generation systems operating in the sub-6 GHz and higher frequency bands. Existing atmospheric duct models are often limited in scope, typically focusing on single-output prediction tasks and relying on synthetic or surface-level inputs, which do not fully capture the vertical refractivity structure required for flight-level duct characterization. To address this gap, this paper introduces a multi-task learning (MTL) framework that combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks to sequentially detect duct occurrence, classify duct types, and predict essential duct characteristics. The model is trained and evaluated using two years of vertical profile data for a coastal region, with stratified 5-fold cross-validation (CV) and independent hold-out test set. In addition to point-estimate performance, the framework is validated using uncertainty-aware Monte Carlo test-time stochasticity on the test data to quantify predictive uncertainty and assess robustness of duct characterization. Results demonstrate superior duct detection accuracy, reliable duct-type classification, and robust duct-parameter prediction compared with denser MTL-CNN and MTL-LSTM baselines. The proposed framework provides a practical basis for real-time atmospheric duct assessment and has the potential to enhance propagation forecasting for advanced radar and high-frequency communication systems.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"7 4","pages":"1386-1395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11541202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Millimeter-Wave Flat-Top Fan-Beam Antenna Array Based on a Geometry-Independent Resonant Cavity","authors":"Evandro C. Vilas Boas;Sofia B. De Vasconcellos;Arismar Cerqueira Sodré;Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2026.3703713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2026.3703713","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a novel antenna design capable of producing a flat-top fan-beam profile through the integration of slotted apertures and a geometry-independent resonator. Starting with a three-slot cavity-backed design, the radiator is reconfigured into a five-slot structure by reshaping its geometry while preserving the original cross-sectional area, converting a pencil beam into a fan-shaped beam without shifting the resonant operating frequency. The cavity is loaded with an FR4 dielectric slab to achieve impedance matching, and metallic rods are placed around the slab to suppress undesired mode coupling. In addition, a stepped profile is utilized around the slot apertures to increase the flat-top beamwidth. The prototype exhibits a measured −10 dB bandwidth over 1.11 GHz, a 1 dB beamwidth directivity with ripple below 0.71 dB over <inline-formula> <tex-math>$60^{circ } - 70^{circ } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a 3 dB beamwidth over 80°, a peak realized gain of 7.84 dBi, and sidelobe levels below −10.02 dB. The proposed design offers a compact and competitive size compared to existing fan-beam antenna solutions, with overall dimensions of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.95lambda _{o} times 2.33lambda _{o} times 3.10lambda _{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while maintaining a simple structural configuration.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"7 4","pages":"1425-1433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11563493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Characterization of Wideband Dual-Polarized Double-Slot Lens Antenna With Low Cross-Polarization at Sub-THz in SiGe-BiCMOS","authors":"Alexandros Bechrakis Triantafyllos;Maria Alonso-Delpino;Daniele Cavallo;Klaus Aufinger;Marco Spirito;Nuria Llombart","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2026.3690779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2026.3690779","url":null,"abstract":"This work details the design and characterization of a wideband on-chip dual-polarized double-slot antenna for sub-THz frequencies, integrated in SiGe-BiCMOS technology. The proposed design features two perpendicularly arranged double-slots that provide dual-linear polarization and efficient illumination of dielectric lenses through the silicon substrate. To decrease the level of cross-polarization, a number of parasitic slots are added. Two feeding architectures have been studied, leading to two different prototypes. The first is designed in a 130 nm SiGe-BiCMOS process and is tailored for integration with single-ended circuit topologies. It achieves a maximum antenna efficiency of 63% in its operational bandwidth of 170-250 GHz, with a cross-polarized component lower than −22 dB up to 240 GHz. The second prototype is designed in a 90 nm process and is suited for differential circuits. A 55% fractional bandwidth is achieved around the central frequency of 287.5 GHz, with a maximum antenna efficiency of 56% and a cross-polarized component lower than −19.5 dB. The port isolation is better than −37 dB up to 300 GHz. Both prototypes are characterized in the 200-325 GHz frequency range, with very good agreement between the measurements and simulations.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"7 4","pages":"1266-1279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11510315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wide-Angle Scanning Heterogeneous Antenna Array Using Asymmetrically-Fed Magneto-Electric Dipole","authors":"Guangwei Fan;Dawei Ding","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2026.3692703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2026.3692703","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a ±90° beam-scanning heterogeneous antenna array (HAA) consisting of asymmetrically-fed magneto-electric (AF-ME) dipole elements is proposed for the first time. In the design of AF-ME dipole antenna, two offsets are introduced to excite the operating mode of planar pseudo-Yagi antenna in traditional ME dipole antenna. Different from the beam tilting elements in the existing HAAs, this proposed AF-ME dipole element exhibits stable antenna gains and half-power beam-widths (HPBWs) at different main beam directions, great cross-polarization isolations, and self-decoupling characteristics. As seen from the measured results, even when the scanning angle achieves ±90°, this designed HAA exhibits a scan loss of less than 2.8 dB, a sidelobe level (SLL) of less than –10 dB, a cross-polarization isolation of greater than 31 dB, and a port isolation of greater than 18 dB without any decoupling structures within 23.9-24.4 GHz (2.1%). Therefore, this proposed heterogeneous antenna array is promising for the detection without blind spots in 24-GHz short-range automotive radar systems.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"7 4","pages":"1280-1286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11516218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Method for Continuous Beam Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on SIW T-Junction Impedance Matching","authors":"Cheng Chen;Zengpei Zhong;Yingxin Lai;Shaopeng Wan","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2026.3688079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2026.3688079","url":null,"abstract":"A novel substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on an H-plane waveguide T-junction is presented to mitigate the open stopband (OSB). The unit cell of the proposed antenna consists of a transverse-slot SIW T-junction and a short-circuited SIW cavity loaded with or without a perpendicular slot. By controlling the input impedance of the SIW cavity, the series and shunt reactance of the transverse slot can be canceled out to achieve continuous beam scanning from backward to forward through broadside for both linearly polarized (LP) and circularly polarized (CP) LWA. Using an equivalent circuit model, the working principle of the beam-scanning technique based on SIW T-junction is explained theoretically. Finally, a 10-element CP SIW LWA prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured for verification. The prototype provides a continuous beam scanning from −62° to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$text {+} 32^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> over the frequency range of 4.8–6.6 GHz, and a gain variation between 9.8 and 13.2 dBi. The beam scanning with a consistent gain shows good circular polarization in the broadside and forward directions, and elliptical polarization at backward direction. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation and calculation, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"7 4","pages":"1215-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11495188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}