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Hydrotreated vegetable oil fuel within the Fit for 55 package 适合 55 包装内的加氢植物油燃料
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.19206/ce-174554
M. Sikora, P. Orliński
{"title":"Hydrotreated vegetable oil fuel within the Fit for 55 package","authors":"M. Sikora, P. Orliński","doi":"10.19206/ce-174554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-174554","url":null,"abstract":"28 March 2023 the EU Council has adopted a regulation setting stringent carbon dioxide emission standards for new cars and vans. Under the new law, new vehicles with a 100 per cent reduction in carbon dioxide emissions will be able to be registered after 2035. The new EU legislation sets the following targets: a 55 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions for new cars and 50 per cent for new vans between 2030 and 2034 compared to 2021 levels; a 100 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions for both new cars and vans from 2035. This will result in only electric or hydrogen-powered cars and vans being able to be registered after 2035. The fuel omitted from the Fit for 55 packages within cars and vans is hydrotreated vegetable oil. According to the research carried out so far, it is possible to replace diesel with HVO fuel even without interference with the fuel injection control system. If an internal combustion engine is fuelled with HVO fuel instead of diesel, the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by up to 90 per cent. What is more, the technology for using HVO fuel has many more possibilities for reducing CO2 emissions, if only by refining the exhaust after-treatment process. The exclusion of this fuel from the Fit for 55 package raises serious doubts about the quality of the analyses based on which HVO fuel was not included in the Fit for 55 packages.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"158 9‐12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and research of a hybrid power unit for ultralight aircraft: an innovative approach to energy efficiency and operational flexibility 超轻型飞机混合动力装置的开发与研究：提高能效和操作灵活性的创新方法
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.19206/ce-174721
Piotr Wróblewski, Piotr Świątek, S. Kachel, Tomasz Zyska
{"title":"Development and research of a hybrid power unit for ultralight aircraft: an innovative approach to energy efficiency and operational flexibility","authors":"Piotr Wróblewski, Piotr Świątek, S. Kachel, Tomasz Zyska","doi":"10.19206/ce-174721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-174721","url":null,"abstract":"This scientific article presents an innovative concept of a hybrid power unit designed for ultralight aircraft, with the aim of improving energy efficiency and operational flexibility. As part of the development of the system, the construction of the combustion unit and the electric motor / generator, which are the key elements of this solution, was described. The advanced internal combustion engine controller and the bi-directional energy conversion converter have been developed and built to enable optimal cooperation of both energy sources. In order to carry out experimental research on the developed system, a special test stand was built on which a prototype drive unit was mounted. The results of the research include preliminary performance characteristics of the prototype drive unit and an analysis of the achievements that indicate the potential benefits of using such a hybrid drive unit. The article also summarizes the conclusions and recommendations for further work on improving this innovative solution.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"1 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal imaging of the disc brake and drive train in an electric locomotive in field conditions 电力机车盘式制动器和传动系统在现场条件下的热成像
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.19206/ce-174320
W. Sawczuk, Armando Miguel Rilo Cañás, S. Kołodziejski
{"title":"Thermal imaging of the disc brake and drive train in an electric locomotive in field conditions","authors":"W. Sawczuk, Armando Miguel Rilo Cañás, S. Kołodziejski","doi":"10.19206/ce-174320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-174320","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of thermovision tests of the disc brake and the drive system components located in its vicinity on the 111Ed electric locomotive in field conditions. For the mentioned vehicle, the research methodology was developed and the temperature distribution of the brake disc and components and assemblies located in its vicinity during braking was measured. In the article, special attention was paid to the configuration of the thermal imaging camera to the real conditions occurring during the test. This is important because due to the rotating brake disc, it is difficult to verify the temperature value with another contact measuring device. In exceptional situations, temperature measurement using thermocouples is used, but it requires an extensive additional measurement system and signal recording, which is more expensive. Although the thermal imaging camera measures the temperature indirectly, the correct configuration of the camera settings to the real conditions may affect the measurement error by several percent.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"293 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139236494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of the cumulative energy demand of BEV and FCEV in their long-term operation 比较 BEV 和 FCEV 在长期运行中的累积能源需求
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.19206/ce-168438
L. Sitnik
{"title":"Comparison of the cumulative energy demand of BEV and FCEV in their long-term operation","authors":"L. Sitnik","doi":"10.19206/ce-168438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-168438","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a method of using the theory of cumulative energy demand to assess this demand in long-term operation of vehicles with a mileage forecast of up to 350,000 km. Based on the results of operational \"consumption\" of energy and taking into account the energy \"costs\" of obtaining it, a comparison of the currently popular BEV’s (Battery Electric Vehicles) and FCEV’s (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles) was presented. The question arises how much energy must be used to propel vehicles in their natural operation. After calculating with using of available data, the answer is – by operating of FCEV’s in average two time more electricity is need as by operating of BEV’s.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"203 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of novel ceramic materials (Al2O3 and SSiC) for high-pressure pumps’ delivery sections 新型陶瓷材料（Al2O3 和 SSiC）在高压泵输送部分的应用研究
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.19206/ce-174315
M. Idzior, W. Karpiuk, R. Smolec
{"title":"Investigation of novel ceramic materials (Al2O3 and SSiC) for high-pressure pumps’ delivery sections","authors":"M. Idzior, W. Karpiuk, R. Smolec","doi":"10.19206/ce-174315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-174315","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a comparative analysis of structural materials used in the construction of high-pressure pumps’ delivery sections was carried out. The focus was on a comparison of the ceramic materials such as corundum (alumina, Al2O3) and silicon carbide (solid-state sintered) – SSiC with bearing alloy steel 100 Cr6, that is the most common material used to make piston and cylinders of the delivery section of common rail injection pumps. Simulations performed using finite element method have proven that ceramic materials have a number of advantages and could therefore be an interesting substitute for materials traditionally used in this area.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"272 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139242848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of a pressure sensing glow plug in terms of its application possibility to control the combustion process of a hydrogen-powered spark-ignition engine 压力感应辉光塞在控制氢动力火花点火发动机燃烧过程中的应用可能性评价
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-11-11 DOI: 10.19206/ce-172820
Marcin Noga, Tomasz Moskal
{"title":"Evaluation of a pressure sensing glow plug in terms of its application possibility to control the combustion process of a hydrogen-powered spark-ignition engine","authors":"Marcin Noga, Tomasz Moskal","doi":"10.19206/ce-172820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-172820","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains the results of an analysis of the suitability of a pressure sensing glow plug for use in a hydrogen engine control system. Due to the properties of hydrogen, the process of its combustion in spark-ignition engines is significantly different from the classic fuels. It is planned to use the pressure sensor signal to control the combustion process to obtain high power and efficiency, with the lowest possible emission of nitrogen oxides, which is the main harmful component of hydrogen engines. After an initial assessment of suitability, it was decided to use a pressure sensing glow plug. This choice is dictated by the low price, good availability and high durability of these sensors. The preliminary tests were carried out using a low-power single-cylinder SI engine coupled with a 48V generator. The tests were carried out for several values of engine speed and load of the generator and for classic gasoline with a research octane number (RON) of 95. In order to obtain an increased pressure rise rate in the cylinder, as for hydrogen fueling, the engine operation was also tested with unmodified light gasoline used as solvent, which is characterized by a significantly lower RON value. The use of a reference pressure sensor in the cylinder made it possible to determine the behavior of the PSG in various operating conditions. The tests revealed that the differences in the pressure waveforms registered with both sensors can be systematized depending on the engine speed and its load.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"16 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135042694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigations of the city bus powertrain efficiency 城市客车动力系统效率研究
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.19206/ce-172819
Mirosław Wendeker, Łukasz Grabowski
{"title":"Investigations of the city bus powertrain efficiency","authors":"Mirosław Wendeker, Łukasz Grabowski","doi":"10.19206/ce-172819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-172819","url":null,"abstract":"Research work on the energy efficiency of vehicles is driven, among other things, by limits related to fuel consumption carbon dioxide emissions. This also applies to city buses, where fuel consumption averages between 25 and 30 dm3 per 100 km, which can be converted into approximately 87 kg CO2 per dm3. This article therefore presents the results of a study of the total efficiency of the power train of a city bus, taking into account the internal combustion engine, transmission, hydrokinetic clutch, and tyre friction on the rollers. The test object was a 12-metre city bus equipped with diesel engines and an automatic gearbox. The tests were carried out on a chassis dynamometer by implementing the World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle (WHVC). The WHVC driving test is a synthesis of the vehicle's on-road speeds and consists of three stages: Urban, Rural and Motorway. During the tests, the fuel consumption, vehicle speed and power generated at the wheels of the bus were recorded. From this, efficiency was calculated as the ratio of the power measured at the wheels of the bus to the power contained in the fuel supplied to the engine. Efficiency was shown to range from 5 to 22%.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"75 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The economic aspects of vehicle operation in the context of electromobility strategies 在电动汽车战略背景下车辆运行的经济方面
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.19206/ce-172821
Aleksandra Kęska, Mateusz Dziubek, Dawid Michalik
{"title":"The economic aspects of vehicle operation in the context of electromobility strategies","authors":"Aleksandra Kęska, Mateusz Dziubek, Dawid Michalik","doi":"10.19206/ce-172821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-172821","url":null,"abstract":"The transformation of the automotive industry towards electromobility is a key step in achieving a sustainable transportation system. To analyze the economic feasibility of electric vehicles (EVs) compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEs), this study assessed the operating costs of both types of vehicles, including fueling and charging costs on a selected theoretical route. The analysis of economic aspects also examined the development of fueling and charging infrastructure and the impact of government programs promoting electromobility. The study employs a comparative analysis of ICE and EV based on fuel and electricity prices, insurance costs, and servicing expenses. The results of the analysis indicate that adopting EVs can lead to significant economic benefits, especially when coupled with government incentives and well-developed charging infrastructure. The network of charging stations and fuel infrastructure serves as an indicator of the market conditions for vehicles equipped with either internal combustion engines or electric powertrains, and forecasts help anticipate their future directions. The decreased pace of new petrol stations being established may indicate a weakening market for internal combustion engine vehicles compared to previous periods. This study highlights the economic aspects of electromobility strategies aimed at accelerating the transition towards a sustainable transportation system.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"76 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Driving protocols: the possibility of using routing protocols in autonomous transport 驱动协议:在自主传输中使用路由协议的可能性
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.19206/ce-170418
Radosław Stanisław Wróbel, Zbigniew Sroka, Gustaw Sierzputowski, Radostin Dimitrov, Veselin Mihaylov, Daniel Ivanov
{"title":"Driving protocols: the possibility of using routing protocols in autonomous transport","authors":"Radosław Stanisław Wróbel, Zbigniew Sroka, Gustaw Sierzputowski, Radostin Dimitrov, Veselin Mihaylov, Daniel Ivanov","doi":"10.19206/ce-170418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-170418","url":null,"abstract":"Removing the human factor from transport (in the direct sense) is still a plan, reaching into the future. However, this plan does not require so much imagination - autonomous vehicles can already be found on the roads. Currently, they are not only autonomous, but also independent, i.e. decisions about traffic parameters are made in the vehicle. In the future, with more autonomous vehicles, there will be a need to connect them with a communication network, which will eliminate a number of telematic problems. It remains an open question how to make this network? Is it based on the modern Internet network? What and which data will be necessary to achieve the “right relations” between autonomous vehicles (hosts of network)? The article presents one aspect of the mentioned problem; the amount of data generated by an autonomous vehicle is presented in the light of the processing capabilities of modern ICT systems.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of the prospects for hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines 氢燃料内燃机发展前景分析
Combustion Engines Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.19206/ce-174794
Zbigniew Stępień
{"title":"Analysis of the prospects for hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines","authors":"Zbigniew Stępień","doi":"10.19206/ce-174794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-174794","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen, as a zero-emission fuel, makes it possible to build a piston combustion engine that can be qualified as a drive for a \"Zero Emission Vehicles\", in terms of CO2 emissions. Thus, a hydrogen-powered piston combustion engine may be a future transitional technology for powertrains, especially in trucks and off-road vehicles, competitive with both electric drives and fuel cells. The article presents a multi-directional analysis of the prospects for the development and dissemination of hydrogen-powered internal combustion piston engines in motor vehicles. The current interest of the automotive industry in hydrogen-powered internal combustion engines, current state of their development and the challenges that need to be overcome were presented. Various conditions that will determine their future in Europe were also indicated.","PeriodicalId":34258,"journal":{"name":"Combustion Engines","volume":"22 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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