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Comment on the Federal Automated Vehicles Policy 评论联邦自动驾驶汽车政策
Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal Pub Date : 2016-11-22 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2876832
Adam Thierer, Caleb Watney
{"title":"Comment on the Federal Automated Vehicles Policy","authors":"Adam Thierer, Caleb Watney","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2876832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2876832","url":null,"abstract":"In a public filing for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), we provide comment on the recently proposed Federal Automated Vehicles Policy. Our central concern is the agencies suggestion to construct a new premarket regulatory authority for automated vehicles modeled on the Federal Aviation Administration. If NHTSA’s proposed premarket approval process slows the deployment of automated vehicles by even 5 percent, we project an additional 15,500 fatalities over the course of the next 31 years. At 10 percent regulatory delay, we project an additional 34,600 fatalities over 33 years. And at 25 percent regulatory delay, we project an additional 112,400 fatalities over 40 years. NHTSA would be better served by tailoring the existing post-market regulatory regime for the intricacies of a world with automated vehicles. Additionally, we provide comment to the agency on algorithmic regulation and potential ethical considerations.","PeriodicalId":342163,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117282557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Minimum Wage Impacts on Inequality, Job Formality and the Ethnic Wage Gap in Urban China 最低工资对中国城市不平等、工作形式和民族工资差距的影响
Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal Pub Date : 2016-11-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2865123
Anthony Howell
{"title":"Minimum Wage Impacts on Inequality, Job Formality and the Ethnic Wage Gap in Urban China","authors":"Anthony Howell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2865123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2865123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effects of a minimum wage on wage inequality and employment outcomes in China’s urban minority regions and whether those effects vary for Han and ethnic minorities. Minimum wage data is combined with a proprietary datasource obtained from China’s Household Ethnic Survey (CHES) project. Results reveal that a higher minimum wage reduces wage inequality and leads to larger positive effects for lower-wage minority workers compared to their Han counterparts. In terms of employment, a higher minimum wage promotes formalization of the labour market without any evidence of adverse effects on the likelihood of being unemployed in the formal sector, although some adjustments are made at the intensive margin. The results are robust to alternate estimations that take into account censoring and endogeneity. The findings’ policy implications indicate that the minimum wage is an effective social policy tool that reduces the Han-minority wage gap, as well as induces non-wage benefits, which in turn, should promote social cohesion in China’s urban minority regions.","PeriodicalId":342163,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal","volume":"31 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114114168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pension Incentives and Early Retirement 养老金激励和提前退休
Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2869063
B. Engels, J. Geyer, P. Haan
{"title":"Pension Incentives and Early Retirement","authors":"B. Engels, J. Geyer, P. Haan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2869063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2869063","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we exploit a cohort-specific pension reform to estimate the causal labour market effects of changes in the financial incentives to retire. In particular, we analyze the effects of the introduction of cohort-specific deductions for early retirement on female retirement, employment and unemployment. For the empirical analysis we use high-quality administrative data from the German pension insurance. We present evidence for sizable labour market effects. In addition to direct effects on women older than 60 we find important anticipation effects before reaching the pension eligibility age. Overall we document that the pension reform leads to a postponement of retirement, an increase in employment and a shifting in unemployment over age rather than a substitution into unemployment.","PeriodicalId":342163,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126129530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
Pampered Bureaucracy, Political Stability, and Trade Integration 纵容的官僚主义、政治稳定与贸易一体化
Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal Pub Date : 2016-09-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1937970
C. Stroup, B. Zissimos
{"title":"Pampered Bureaucracy, Political Stability, and Trade Integration","authors":"C. Stroup, B. Zissimos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1937970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1937970","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of trade integration and comparative advantage on one of a country's institutions, which in turn influences its economic efficiency. The environment we explore is one in which a country's lower classes may revolt and appropriate wealth owned by a ruling elite. The elite can avert revolution by incentivizing a potentially productive middle class to sink their human capital into a relatively unproductive bureaucracy. Thus, the bureaucracy serves as an institution through which the elite can credibly commit to make transfers to the rest of society, but in the process this reduces economic efficiency. Trade integration alters the relative value of the elite's wealth. This alters the lower classes incentive to revolt on the one hand and the elite's incentive to subsidize participation in the inefficient bureaucracy on the other. Therefore, the interaction between a country's comparative advantage and an inefficient economic institution determines whether trade integration increases or reduces economic efficiency. The econometric findings support the model's main prediction.","PeriodicalId":342163,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal","volume":"17 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120832234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IRS Attention 国税局的关注
Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal Pub Date : 2016-09-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2529268
Zahn Bozanic, Jeffrey L. Hoopes, Jacob R. Thornock, Braden M. Williams
{"title":"IRS Attention","authors":"Zahn Bozanic, Jeffrey L. Hoopes, Jacob R. Thornock, Braden M. Williams","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2529268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2529268","url":null,"abstract":"We study how public and private disclosure requirements interact to influence both tax regulator enforcement and firm disclosure. To capture IRS enforcement activities, we introduce a novel dataset of IRS acquisition of firms’ public financial disclosures, which we label IRS attention. We examine the implementation of two new disclosure requirements that potentially alter IRS attention: FIN 48, which increased public tax disclosure requirements, and Schedule UTP, which increased private tax disclosure. We find that IRS attention increased following FIN 48 but subsequently decreased following Schedule UTP, consistent with public and private disclosure interacting to influence tax enforcement. We next examine how private tax disclosure requirements under Schedule UTP affected firms’ public disclosure responses. We find that, following Schedule UTP, firms significantly increased the quantity and altered the content of their tax-related disclosures, consistent with lower tax-related proprietary costs of disclosure. Our results suggest that changes in SEC disclosure requirements altered the IRS’s behavior with regard to public information acquisition, and, relatedly, changes in IRS private disclosure requirements appear to change firms’ public disclosure behavior.","PeriodicalId":342163,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131365970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 75
Political Connections: Evidence from Insider Trading Around TARP 政治关系:来自TARP内部交易的证据
Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2885454
Ozlem Akin, Nicholas S. Coleman, Christian Fons-Rosen, J. Peydró
{"title":"Political Connections: Evidence from Insider Trading Around TARP","authors":"Ozlem Akin, Nicholas S. Coleman, Christian Fons-Rosen, J. Peydró","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2885454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2885454","url":null,"abstract":"We exploit the 2008-2010 TARP bank bailouts after Lehman’s failure to test for private information leakages from banking regulators to top corporate bank executives using insider trading data and information on political connections. In politically-connected banks, buying during the pre-TARP period is associated with increases in abnormal returns around TARP. For unconnected banks, insider trading and returns are uncorrelated. Results hold when comparing connected to unconnected executives within the same bank and are driven by political connections to financial branches of government. Through a FOIA request we obtained the previously unknown TARP funds requested by each bank. The ratio of requested to received funds strongly correlates with abnormal returns and is also a predictor of buying behavior by connected banks.","PeriodicalId":342163,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134481645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Policy Consulting in the USA: New Evidence from the Federal Procurement Data System - Next Generation 美国政策咨询:来自新一代联邦采购数据系统的新证据
Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal Pub Date : 2016-08-31 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2834776
Michael Howlett, Caroline Brouillette, J. Coleman, R. Skorzus
{"title":"Policy Consulting in the USA: New Evidence from the Federal Procurement Data System - Next Generation","authors":"Michael Howlett, Caroline Brouillette, J. Coleman, R. Skorzus","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2834776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2834776","url":null,"abstract":"Governmental use of consultancy services has long been a concern for scholars of public administration, management and political science. Empirical studies of policy-related consulting are scarce, however, with little quantitative data. This is true of the largest and most archetypal case of government contracting, the United States, which has received very little detailed treatment, despite a plethora of anecdotal and popular accounts claiming to have documented a pattern of exponential growth in the size and impact of policy-related government contracting. This paper reports on the distribution of the American federal government’s contracting of policy services in the context of several new initiatives on the part of the Obama administration which provide reasonably accurate data related to questions about the size, trends and other aspects of US federal government policy consulting.","PeriodicalId":342163,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114310796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Booster Seats and Traffic Fatalities Among Children 儿童安全座椅与交通事故死亡率
Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal Pub Date : 2016-08-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2819352
D. Anderson, Sina Sandholt
{"title":"Booster Seats and Traffic Fatalities Among Children","authors":"D. Anderson, Sina Sandholt","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2819352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2819352","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to increase booster seat use among children, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is encouraging state legislators to promote stricter booster seat laws, yet there is a paucity of information on booster seat efficacy relative to other forms of restraint. Using data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System for the period 2008-2014 and the sample selection correction proposed by Levitt and Porter (2001), the current study examines the effectiveness of booster seats relative to child safety seats and adult seat belts. For children 6 to 8 years of age, we find that booster seats are more than twice as effective as child safety seats and over 30 percent more effective than standard seat belts at decreasing the likelihood of fatality in a motor vehicle accident. For children 2 to 5 years of age, all three forms of restraint appear equally effective.","PeriodicalId":342163,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116917415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
New Methods for Macro-Financial Model Comparison and Policy Analysis 宏观金融模型比较与政策分析的新方法
Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/BS.HESMAC.2016.04.004
V. Wieland, Elena A Afanasyeva, M. Kuete, Jin-hyuk Yoo
{"title":"New Methods for Macro-Financial Model Comparison and Policy Analysis","authors":"V. Wieland, Elena A Afanasyeva, M. Kuete, Jin-hyuk Yoo","doi":"10.1016/BS.HESMAC.2016.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/BS.HESMAC.2016.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342163,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116444235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Efficacy and Complexities of Performance-Based Pay for Teachers in the United States 美国教师绩效薪酬的有效性和复杂性
Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal Pub Date : 2016-07-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2813065
Putu Chris Susanto
{"title":"Efficacy and Complexities of Performance-Based Pay for Teachers in the United States","authors":"Putu Chris Susanto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2813065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2813065","url":null,"abstract":"Performance-based pay refers to providing compensation and rewards based on the fulfillment of certain predetermined task or outcomes. In the momentum for greater teacher accountability in the United States, performance-based pay is expected to be a solution to the nation’s prevailing problems in attracting, maintaining, and motivating the best and most effective teachers. This article reviews relevant literature on the historical context of teacher compensation, the need for reform, the development of performance-based compensation schemes, empirical lessons from the application of such scheme in Denver school district, as well as the challenges in designing and implementing performance-based pay for teachers.","PeriodicalId":342163,"journal":{"name":"Political Institutions: Bureaucracies & Public Administration eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125636014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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