STAR ProtocolsPub Date : 2026-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104861
Christina Mayerhofer, Ernst Mayerhofer, Dan Li, Trine Kristiansen, Tobias Feuchtinger, David T Scadden
{"title":"Protocol for ribosome-protected fragment isolation from rare leukemia cell populations.","authors":"Christina Mayerhofer, Ernst Mayerhofer, Dan Li, Trine Kristiansen, Tobias Feuchtinger, David T Scadden","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant cells under chemotherapy stress alter protein translation, necessitating sensitive methods to profile rare, surviving populations in vivo. We present a protocol for profiling low-input acute myeloid leukemia samples using an optimized ribosome profiling approach. We describe steps for lysing cell inputs, digesting unshielded RNA, enriching ribosome footprints, and gel-based size selection. We then detail procedures for constructing sequencing-ready libraries and using a computational pipeline to align and quantify both protected fragments and matching transcriptomes for reproducible translation analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mayerhofer et al.<sup>1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":34214,"journal":{"name":"STAR Protocols","volume":"7 4","pages":"104861"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
STAR ProtocolsPub Date : 2026-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104854
Yan Fang, Jianfeng Shen
{"title":"Protocol to prepare PARPi-combined LIN28B siRNA nanoparticles and evaluate therapeutic efficacy of malignant ascites.","authors":"Yan Fang, Jianfeng Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant serous effusion (MSE) is a life-threatening complication of advanced cancers with limited effective treatments. Here, we present a protocol for the preparation of LIN28B siRNA-loaded nanoparticles and their combination with PARP inhibition for therapeutic evaluation in malignant ascites (MA). We describe steps for nanoparticle formulation, establishment of murine ascites models, and in vivo administration of therapeutic agents. We then detail procedures for assessing tumor progression, vascular permeability, and endothelial junction integrity to evaluate treatment efficacy and microenvironmental remodeling. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Fang et al.<sup>1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":34214,"journal":{"name":"STAR Protocols","volume":"7 4","pages":"104854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
STAR ProtocolsPub Date : 2026-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104857
Mahta Mohamadiaza, Naser Farrokhi, Pär K Ingvarsson, Asadollah Ahmadikhah
{"title":"Rice straw sample preparation protocol for cell wall major constituent analysis via Raman spectroscopy.","authors":"Mahta Mohamadiaza, Naser Farrokhi, Pär K Ingvarsson, Asadollah Ahmadikhah","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a rapid, label-free, and non-destructive technique for analyzing molecular and spectral characteristics of biological samples. Here, we present a reproducible protocol for glycerol-based sample preparation and RS analysis of long-term air-dried rice straw. We describe steps for preparing samples, acquiring spectral data, and preprocessing data. Our workflow enables reproducible spectral acquisition and semi-quantitative assessment of relative Raman spectral markers associated with major plant cell wall components using standard laboratory procedures. Spectral preprocessing and analysis can be performed with commercially available software, including MATLAB and OriginPro.</p>","PeriodicalId":34214,"journal":{"name":"STAR Protocols","volume":"7 4","pages":"104857"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
STAR ProtocolsPub Date : 2026-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104860
Franceska Kishta, Tanushree Tripathi, Matthieu Vermeren, Andrew H Baker, Mihaela Crisan
{"title":"Protocol for quantitative image analysis of alizarin red staining to assess osteogenesis in cultured cells.","authors":"Franceska Kishta, Tanushree Tripathi, Matthieu Vermeren, Andrew H Baker, Mihaela Crisan","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) generates mesenchymal-like cells with multilineage differentiation potential. We describe steps for inducing EndMT in human venous endothelial cells, directing their differentiation toward an osteogenic lineage, and assessing mineralization using an alizarin red assay. We then detail procedures for quantifying and classifying osteogenic capacity from alizarin red staining using custom image analysis pipelines. This protocol can also be used to quantify alizarin red staining in mouse-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kishta et al.<sup>1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":34214,"journal":{"name":"STAR Protocols","volume":"7 4","pages":"104860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
STAR ProtocolsPub Date : 2026-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104858
Carsten Freidank-Pohl, Antonia Geyer, Ulla Simon
{"title":"Protocol for quantification of fungal biomass in fungal composite materials based on ergosterol extraction.","authors":"Carsten Freidank-Pohl, Antonia Geyer, Ulla Simon","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal composite materials are lignocellulosic particles and possible inorganic additives, connected by fungal hyphae. Here, we provide a protocol for extracting the cell membrane constituent ergosterol from dried fungal composite material to quantify the fungal fraction within the fungal composite material. We describe steps for preparing calibration samples and solvent-based ergosterol extraction. This protocol can be applied to quantify fungal abundance inside fungal composite material, providing the amount of fungal biomass as a novel parameter for a more in-depth material characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":34214,"journal":{"name":"STAR Protocols","volume":"7 4","pages":"104858"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
STAR ProtocolsPub Date : 2026-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104844
Angela A F Gankema, Fleur van Oosterom, Taco W Kuijpers
{"title":"Culturing neutrophils from human CD34<sup>+</sup> HSPCs: Why medium matters.","authors":"Angela A F Gankema, Fleur van Oosterom, Taco W Kuijpers","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cell culturing field is constantly improving cell differentiation protocols to better study and recapitulate human immune cells. The most appropriate culturing medium, which growth factors to use, and supplementation of cytokines need to be optimized. In this study, two cell culturing media for differentiating CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into neutrophils were compared. Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM) resulted in hybrid neutrophil-like cells, expressing higher levels of CD14 and HLA-DR next to the typical neutrophil surface proteins. Serum-free Stemline-II (SL-II) medium resulted in cells closely resembling functional human blood neutrophils. Since CD34<sup>+</sup> HSPCs cultured in SL-II medium outperform the more standard IMDM in neutrophil differentiation, a viable replacement for the discontinued SL-II medium is required. Lonza TheraPEAK X-Vivo 15 Serum-Free Hematopoietic Cell Medium, Cell Genix GMP Stem Cell Growth Medium, and StemMACS PSC-Brew XF were tested as possible replacements, from which StemMACS PSC-Brew XF seems most promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":34214,"journal":{"name":"STAR Protocols","volume":"7 4","pages":"104844"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protocol for measuring fatty acid absorption and intracellular lipid accumulation in intestinal cells and organoids.","authors":"Jiaqi Wu, Yu Gu, Shuangshuang Liu, Shupei Wang, Li-Hao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative assessment of intestinal epithelial cells is essential for studies of metabolism and disease. Here, we present a protocol to quantify fatty acid uptake and lipid accumulation in intestinal epithelial cell lines and primary intestinal organoids using a flow cytometry-based approach with BODIPY FL C<sub>16</sub>. We describe steps for assessing fatty acid uptake and accumulation in intestinal epithelial cell lines and intestinal organoids. This rapid and reproducible technique can also be adapted to investigate fatty acid metabolism in other cell types. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wu et al.<sup>1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":34214,"journal":{"name":"STAR Protocols","volume":"7 4","pages":"104853"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
STAR ProtocolsPub Date : 2026-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104845
Lifeng Wang, Boning Wei, Bing Yu, Wei Zhang, Peng Ye
{"title":"Protocol for measuring above-threshold ionization spectra driven by few-cycle laser pulses in frustrated tunneling ionization regime.","authors":"Lifeng Wang, Boning Wei, Bing Yu, Wei Zhang, Peng Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Above-threshold ionization (ATI) spectra in the frustrated tunneling ionization (FTI) regime demonstrate control of bound-state populations via the carrier-envelope phase (CEP). Here, we present a protocol for acquiring ATI spectra from argon gas driven by few-cycle laser pulses. We describe steps of few-cycle pulse generation, CEP stabilization and control, ATI spectral measurement, and data analysis. This approach enables potential applications in isolated attosecond pulse characterization. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wang et al.<sup>1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":34214,"journal":{"name":"STAR Protocols","volume":"7 4","pages":"104845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
STAR ProtocolsPub Date : 2026-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104878
Abishankari Rajkumar, Antoine Gaudreau-Lapierre, Curtis L F Anthony, Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
{"title":"Protocol for conditional mapping of proximal interactomes of dimeric protein complexes using a BioID-based complementation approach.","authors":"Abishankari Rajkumar, Antoine Gaudreau-Lapierre, Curtis L F Anthony, Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104878","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34214,"journal":{"name":"STAR Protocols","volume":"7 4","pages":"104878"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
STAR ProtocolsPub Date : 2026-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104850
Federica Bruno, Jean Langhorne, Cristina Lo Celso
{"title":"Protocol for repeated Plasmodium chabaudi infection in a murine malaria model.","authors":"Federica Bruno, Jean Langhorne, Cristina Lo Celso","doi":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In malaria-endemic regions, individuals experience repeated malaria infection throughout life. Here, we present a protocol to investigate the immunological mechanisms triggered by repeated exposure using a murine model of sequential infections with the rodent parasite Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi. We provide a detailed and standardized series of steps covering primary infection, natural recovery without treatment, and subsequent secondary infection. This approach offers a robust framework to investigate the effects and long-term consequences of repeated malaria infections on the host. For complete details on use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Stephen et al.,<sup>1</sup> Pérez-Mazliah et al.,<sup>2</sup> and Achtman et al.<sup>3</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":34214,"journal":{"name":"STAR Protocols","volume":"7 4","pages":"104850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}