{"title":"Reliability of lead free solders joints and manufacturability during the SMT process","authors":"T. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490883","url":null,"abstract":"In systematic investigations the failure behaviour of lead free solder joints for different solder alloys as well as substrate metallization was analyzed. The emphasis of the investigations was the optimization of the processing parameters for the printing of different lead-free no-clean solder pastes in the standard pitches from 1.27 mm to 0.4 mm. Furthermore, evidence was provided of the aging-determined changes of the solder joints by means of a sensitive resistance measurement system and in correlation therefore illustrated on the basis of metallographic cross sectioning. Therefore, a demonstrator was developed on FR4 with the electroless tin and electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENIG) surface metallizations and assembled with the leadless chip components R0402, R0603, and R0805 with pure tin metallization. As alternative lead-free solders were examined the eutectic alloy SnAg3.8CuO.7, SnAg3.5 and the SnAg0.2Cu1.0 solder. The aging and/or failure behaviour of the solder joints was detected and evaluated statistically for thermal shock aging from zero to 2000 cycles with -40 C to 125/spl deg/C by means of a special 4 probe measurement. With the help of these investigations, not only the number of failures as a function of the cycles, but also the influences of the solder alloys and metallization on the failure behaviour could be determined.","PeriodicalId":342004,"journal":{"name":"27th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Meeting the Challenges of Electronics Technology Progress, 2004.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128429296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Criteria for integral estimation of electromagnetic compatibility","authors":"I. Korobko","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490381","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to describe and explain how to estimate the functioning of a number of radio-communication sets working together. On the basis of games theory, a generalizing estimation criteria is suggested which enables the determination of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).","PeriodicalId":342004,"journal":{"name":"27th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Meeting the Challenges of Electronics Technology Progress, 2004.","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134092519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Packaging concept for a miniaturized wirelessly interrogable temperature logger","authors":"M. Mundlein, J. Nicolics, M. Brandl","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490378","url":null,"abstract":"We present the packaging concept of a miniaturized, biocompatible temperature logger. In a first application, the device will be cast in the palate piece of a removable brace to observe the wearing habit of the patient. For this purpose the temperature is measured with a pn junction and recorded using a micro controller which acts as a temperature logger and is capable of storing the thermal history from several months. This device is hermetically sealed using polymeric encapsulants. The data exchange is carried out using a wireless interrogating transponder using radio frequency identification device (RFID) technology. The function principle of this data transfer technology is explained briefly. Due to the limited space in the brace, an extremely high level of miniaturization is necessary. To reach this goal, the device is built-up as a multichip module using a single sided FR4 printed circuit board with a line width of down to 35 /spl mu/m. The entire prototype fabrication process, including details on miniaturization related difficulties, is described. Also, the paper describes the finding and evaluation of a biocompatible casting material as needed for a medical application. An easy way for the direct assessment of water absorption and its effect on the electrical function of the module is also presented.","PeriodicalId":342004,"journal":{"name":"27th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Meeting the Challenges of Electronics Technology Progress, 2004.","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116798484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Piezoelectric resonance sensor array","authors":"V. Todorova, D. Kolev","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490428","url":null,"abstract":"With the piezoelectric resonance sensors, high sensibility can be achieved in the tactile information systems, because the working frequency of the piezomaterial has a great dependence on the applied mechanical stress. Discrete piezoelectric resonance sensors have been used for a long time, but they are unable to satisfy the requirements of modern tactile sensing information systems. At the moment, there is an interest in developing piezoelectric array sensors, which have greater sensibility and more functional abilities than the discrete sensor. The operating principle and construction of this array sensor affords an opportunity of obtaining the exact location of applied mechanical stress - a tactile image can be obtained. The purpose of this paper is to study the possibilities for the design of the piezoelectric resonance array sensor system. The results from these investigations allow us to build such a resonance tactile array as a micro system, which will enable increase in the spatial resolution and the radical decrease of the sensor dimensions.","PeriodicalId":342004,"journal":{"name":"27th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Meeting the Challenges of Electronics Technology Progress, 2004.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121923841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remote access solutions for industrial control systems","authors":"A. Drumea, P. Svasta, C. Popescu","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490371","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of current industrial control systems are easily configurable and they offer a lot of data about the state of the controlled process. Unfortunately, most of this information is only accessible locally, making difficult the integration of these systems into a centralized control and information management system. To solve this problem, it is necessary to provide the control systems with remote access capabilities. The paper investigates some of the usual solutions for remote access - analog PSTN (public switched telephone network) communications, GSM based communications (using SMS, short message system; using V32 data connections; using GPRS, general packet radio service, connections) and Ethernet based communications. Hardware requirements and how to implement each of these solutions into different embedded systems are also analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of each solution are studied considering different criteria - price, communication speed, security, implementation effort and user friendliness -and a procedure for selecting an appropriate remote access solution for a real application is presented.","PeriodicalId":342004,"journal":{"name":"27th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Meeting the Challenges of Electronics Technology Progress, 2004.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123818163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal characterisation of planar transformers","authors":"P. Svasta, C. Ionescu, N. Codreanu, V. Golumbeanu","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490435","url":null,"abstract":"Planar inductors and transformers are widely used today in various electronic applications either as stand alone devices or integrated in the printed circuit board (PCB) of the electronic assembly. In the frame of co-operation the Slovenian partner in a bilateral Romanian-Slovenian co-operation has presented an idea regarding the development of a DC/DC converter as a hybrid electronic product. The key part of the converter is a planar transformer (PT), this design being necessary due to the request for miniaturisation of the final module. The PT shall be finally integrated into the substrate of the converter but firstly shall be realized as a stand alone component. For the substrate a multilayer structure, based on FR4 substrate, shall be used. The authors have considered that the planar technology is the only one which produces high performance results, that is suitable for a modern hybrid power converter. Furthermore, planar technology provides enhanced performance and valuable manufacturing benefits over conventional technology. The planar technology shall lead to magnetic and electrical benefits in both a low leakage inductance and low windings AC resistance. On the other hand, the cooling of such transformers can be of some concern. The paper presents the modelling and simulation of the thermal regime of the transformer. From the estimated work frequencies, at about 300 kHz, the power losses are calculated and used as loads in a subsequent thermal analysis. The results will be very useful in order to estimate the thermal stresses of the magnetic core and of the PCB.","PeriodicalId":342004,"journal":{"name":"27th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Meeting the Challenges of Electronics Technology Progress, 2004.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129511297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and implementation of a V-f converter using FPAA","authors":"P. Yakimov, E. Manolov, M. Hristov","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490391","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage-to-frequency converters convert an input analog voltage to square waves at frequencies that are accurately proportional to the analog quantity. They are built into long-term high-precision integrators, digital voltmeters and two-wire high-noise-immunity digital transmission. The presented voltage-to-frequency converter is designed and implemented as an integrated analog IP core using Anadigm/sup /spl reg// FPAAs. As the physical platform, the FPAA architecture is built on a natural precision, generic form, and the switching fabric of a CMOS-based switched-capacitor (SC) network.","PeriodicalId":342004,"journal":{"name":"27th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Meeting the Challenges of Electronics Technology Progress, 2004.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126415697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dimova‐Malinovska, O. Angelov, M. Sendova-Vassileva, V. Grigorov, J. Pivin
{"title":"Polycrystalline Si films on glass substrates prepared by metal induced crystallization","authors":"D. Dimova‐Malinovska, O. Angelov, M. Sendova-Vassileva, V. Grigorov, J. Pivin","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490871","url":null,"abstract":"Metal induced crystallization of amorphous Si (a-Si) has been studied for different deposited structures and different metal concentrations /spl lambda/ass/a-Si/Al, glass/Al/a-Si+Al and glass/a-Si+Ni. The structures were deposited at different substrate temperatures by RF magnetron sputtering and were isothermally annealed at temperatures below that of the a-Si solid phase crystallization. The annealing was performed in air, N/sub 2/ or in vacuum. Raman spectroscopy and Rutherford Back-scattering were used to study the crystallinity of the resulting poly-Si films.","PeriodicalId":342004,"journal":{"name":"27th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Meeting the Challenges of Electronics Technology Progress, 2004.","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124121247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accelerated fatigue test methods of lead-free solder joints in surface mounting technology","authors":"D. Zdzislaw, B. Jaroslaw, D. Jaroslaw, S. Marcin","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490385","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of lead-free solders in mass production of electronic equipment needs important changes in process parameters (temperature, tolerances), auxiliary materials (fluxes, pastes) and manufacturing equipment. One of the most important problems of these changes is the warranty of good quality and reliability of electrical joints realized in this new, environment-friendly technology. Especially for small electronic enterprises, it will be difficult to prove that the product reliability is not lower than before the change. One of the solutions is the application of appropriate accelerated test methods. The actual situation in applied methodology of quality evaluation and accelerated tests is discussed in the paper. The idea of appropriate test stands is presented. Some conclusions concerning practical application of the proposed methods for reliability investigations of certain groups of electronic products are given.","PeriodicalId":342004,"journal":{"name":"27th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Meeting the Challenges of Electronics Technology Progress, 2004.","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115727512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Common trends in the development of component base of the present automation","authors":"K. Kasev, E. Ivanov, N. Stoytcheva","doi":"10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSE.2004.1490376","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is concerned with the research of the possibilities for applying programmed logical controllers (known as industrial controllers) in safety-critical systems. A two channel structure, \"2-out-of 2\", is offered due to which a concrete solution is presented that shows the application of industrial controllers for realization of technical appliances with \"fail-safe\" behavior. By analysing the offered structure, we aim to present indicators of reliability and safety. Research has been done of the indicators that have been drawn to our attention, and the results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":342004,"journal":{"name":"27th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology: Meeting the Challenges of Electronics Technology Progress, 2004.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130645126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}