Min-Chang Kang , Munhwa Kang , Goeun Jun , Yanchen Oinam , Hong Min Seung , Sukhoon Pyo
{"title":"Electrical and mechanical characteristics of CaO-activated cementless ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) incorporating steel slag aggregates","authors":"Min-Chang Kang , Munhwa Kang , Goeun Jun , Yanchen Oinam , Hong Min Seung , Sukhoon Pyo","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a sustainable and intelligent alternative to conventional cement-based ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) by developing a CaO-activated GGBFS cementless UHPC incorporating rapid-cooled electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (REOS) as a replacement for natural aggregates. As an industrial byproduct, REOS enhances mechanical performance while promoting electrical conductivity, forming efficient conductive networks within the matrix. These pathways enable self-sensing capabilities, allowing the material to detect stress and strain without external sensors. The experimental results showed that REOS improved fluidity (up to 235 mm) and maintained high compressive strength (exceeding 200 MPa). Additionally, it was found that REOS enhanced tensile properties, achieving tensile strength exceeding 21 MPa and maximum strain capacity of 0.72 %, particularly when combined with 0.3 % carbon fiber. The incorporation of carbon fiber significantly reduced electrical resistivity compared to the composite without carbon fiber. Furthermore, a life cycle assessment (LCA) demonstrated the environmental benefits of REOS, showing approximately 53 % lower carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions per unit compressive strength compared to traditional UHPC. This research highlights the multifunctionality of REOS in improving both performance and sustainability, offering valuable insights into the development of next-generation UHPC that integrates advanced sensing capabilities and aligns with circular economy principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100713"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bisciotti , L. Mancini , A. Viani , V. Zalar Serjun , A. Mladenovic , G. Cruciani
{"title":"Multi-scale X-ray techniques for assessing recycled concrete aggregate: from XRPD analysis of leftover cement in recycled aggregates to micro-CT imaging of concrete microstructure","authors":"A. Bisciotti , L. Mancini , A. Viani , V. Zalar Serjun , A. Mladenovic , G. Cruciani","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The content of leftover cement paste is a crucial parameter for determining recycled aggregates quality. Various methods assess this, including wet techniques (acid dissolution, chemical degradation, water absorption), physical approaches (freeze-thaw cycles, mechanical shredding, oven-dried density, thermal disaggregation), and spectroscopic or microscopy analyses. However, these methods often lack accuracy, are time-consuming, or depend on operator skill. A novel X-ray Powder Diffraction and Rietveld quantitative phase analysis approach is introduced to improve measurements precision. Results are compared with multi-scale analyses (microscopy, X-ray computed tomography, mechanical testing) on recycled aggregate concrete specimens. Findings highlight a strong correlation between leftover cement paste content and key concrete properties, including microstructure, hydration products, and mechanical performance. This study confirms that leftover cement paste content is a decisive factor in recycled concrete aggregate properties, and that the proposed method offers a rapid and reliable approach to control this parameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144613989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongping Cao , Shiting Shao , Guangbin Wang , Heng Li
{"title":"BIM adoption modes in construction projects: A cluster analysis of motivations and capabilities in China","authors":"Dongping Cao , Shiting Shao , Guangbin Wang , Heng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With its great potential to facilitate the sustainable development of the built environment, the adoption of BIM as a systemic innovation is associated with complex efficiency-legitimacy motivations embedded in heterogeneous capability contexts. Drawing upon a configuration perspective, this study aims to explore how different dimensions of intrinsic motivations and capability contexts are concurrently configured as different modes of BIM adoption in construction projects and result in varied performance outcomes. Based on the cluster analysis of project-based BIM adoption data in China, the results provide robust evidence for four BIM adoption modes with significantly different motivation-capability configurations: efficiency-motivated mode, strategy-motivated mode, multi-motivated mode, and under-motivated mode. While strategy-motivated and multi-motivated modes are illustrated to be the two most generally used modes, the efficiency-motivated mode exhibits the highest levels of both BIM implementation extent and success, providing evidence that the adoption of BIM as a high-profile digital technology has become a highly institutionalized economic endeavor under the impacts of external institutional environments. This study contributes to a deepened understanding of how innovation adoption as an institutionalized economic endeavor could exhibit consistently different motivation and capability configurations and how such configurations could be more efficiently managed to foster a healthier paradigm for the advancements of innovative solutions in the conservative project-based construction practices during the ongoing digital and sustainable transformation wave.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100711"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of self-healing crack repair sticks for enhanced durability, sealing, and stiffness recovery of concrete","authors":"Didier Snoeck , Nele De Belie","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To promote autogenous healing, a new approach involving the use of a crack repair stick is proposed. The sticks contain mixtures based on cement, crystalline admixtures (CA), expansive agents (EA) and superabsorbent polymers (SAP) and are applied to a cracked concrete surface. A wet/dry curing period was imposed, and crack sealing efficiency was assessed using water permeability and healing by means of repeated tensile tests. The quantity of admixtures was varied and the practical application of the crack repair sticks was assessed. A regain in impermeability under high-pressure conditions was found, showing a reduced water flow by up to a factor of 10<sup>2</sup>. Mechanical properties also partially recovered, even up to 100 %, due to autogenous healing. CA with or without EA proved to be the most promising option. The admixtures react with hydration products and moisture in the crack to form additional crystals, physically sealing the formed crack.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100712"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Costantino Menna , Luigi De Simone , Vittorio Capozzi
{"title":"Mechanical recycling of GFRP wind turbine blades: Evaluating the sustainability and economic potential of recycled fibers","authors":"Costantino Menna , Luigi De Simone , Vittorio Capozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significant development of wind energy over the past two decades has raised concerns regarding the End-of-Life (EoL) management of wind turbine blades, primarily composed of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP). This study investigates the mechanical recycling of GFRP from decommissioned blades and evaluates the reuse of recovered fibers in fiber-reinforced mortar and concrete. Mechanical testing showed tensile and compressive strength improvements of up to 13 % and 3 % in concrete, and up to 16 % and 17 % in mortar, with optimal performance at 2–2.5 % fiber content and 1–2 mm diameter. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) revealed that added fibers contribute less than 4 % to total environmental impact. On-site recycling exhibited lower impacts in 6 of 8 indicators analyzed, primarily due to renewable energy use. Economically, mechanical recycling can become competitive with landfilling when applied at scale under optimized conditions. Results support this method as a viable EoL strategy aligned with circular economy objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100710"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthias Leschok , Thomas Wuest , Valeria Piccioni , Fabio Gramazio , Matthias Kohler , Arno Schlueter , Benjamin Dillenburger
{"title":"Material characterization and structural behaviour of HC3DP elements for lightweight facades","authors":"Matthias Leschok , Thomas Wuest , Valeria Piccioni , Fabio Gramazio , Matthias Kohler , Arno Schlueter , Benjamin Dillenburger","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the structural behavior and material characteristics of Hollow-Core 3D printing (HC3DP) for large-spanning elements. The study compares HC3DP with conventional large-scale Material Extrusion (ME) methods and explores the influence of varying thermal boundary conditions on the mechanical properties of the 3D printed polymer. In total three types of experimental procedures are presented. Tensile experiments, 3 PT bending tests, and finally, 4 PT bending tests of large-scale beams are conducted. The research highlights the potential of HC3DP in architectural applications, particularly in the construction of high-performance, site-specific facades. The findings underscore the importance of planning and design for the 3D printing process, emphasizing the critical role of printing direction in determining the structural behavior and performance of 3D printed facade elements. Additionally, the paper presents a theoretical model for calculating for the maximum spanning distance of 3D printed facades, based on the results obtained from the experiments presented. The results demonstrate that HC3DP is a promising technology for facade construction, enabling the fabrication of aesthetically unique and material efficient 3DP facades with a better structural capacity then comparable conventional ME methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diana Lago , Jozef Kraxner , Dušan Galusek , Enrico Bernardo
{"title":"Development of porous membranes by alkali activation of borosilicate glass: effect of wastewater acidity on copper adsorption","authors":"Diana Lago , Jozef Kraxner , Dušan Galusek , Enrico Bernardo","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly porous membrane was prepared through weak alkali activation of Duran-type borosilicate glass using a 2.5 M NaOH:KOH solution. The incorporation of fine glass powder (<1 μm) significantly enhances glass network reactivity by increasing the surface area in contact with the alkaline solution. This promotes the dissolution of glass constituents, leading to their subsequent polymerization. Following this process, the material undergoes low-temperature curing at 40 °C, aiding consolidation and stabilization. The resulting porous structure shows excellent performance in copper removal from aqueous media. While adsorption of copper is strongly influenced by the pH of the solution, the adsorption capacity can be adjusted through surface treatment of the activated material. The developed borosilicate-based membranes treated in boiling water can remove between 92 % and 99 % of copper (II) at pH levels 2 and 5, respectively, whereas “raw” alkali-activated samples achieve up to 65 % copper (II) removal at pH 2. These findings underscore the need for tailored strategies to optimize membrane performance across varying pH conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative analysis of carbon emission and energy demand of pavement recycling technologies based on primary data","authors":"Xiaohua Liu , Lu Deng , Jiangmiao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to quantify and probabilistically assess the environmental advantages of hot in-place recycling (HIPR) and hot in-plant recycling (HIR) technologies over traditional milling and filling (M&F) in the context of asphalt pavement recycling with the collected primary data. The study's primary dataset served as the foundation for modeling the life cycle inventory (LCI) across various stages of pavement recycling, which is collected in the geographical context of China in 2024. Subsequently, an uncertainty analysis was conducted to evaluate the data quality of each inventory phase. The comparative analysis of environmental impacts, focusing on carbon emissions and energy demand, revealed that HIPR and HIR technologies offer substantial environmental benefits. Notably, M&F technology exhibited a wider uncertainty range, which is attributed to its greater reliance on secondary data sourced from public databases. In contrast, the HIR technology demonstrated the lowest uncertainty, suggesting a more reliable environmental impact assessment. The findings underscore the importance of considering uncertainty in LCA studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viktor La Torre Rapp , Jörgen Wallin , Jesper Knutsson
{"title":"Energy and water saving potential with rainwater-based evaporative cooling and toilet flushing","authors":"Viktor La Torre Rapp , Jörgen Wallin , Jesper Knutsson","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the limited research on integrated rainwater utilization for cooling, this study assesses a dual-purpose rainwater harvesting system for indirect evaporative cooling and toilet flushing in three cities in Sweden during 2015–2023. Using climate data and a validated model, water and energy savings in residential and commercial buildings were evaluated. Simulation was conducted to reach 90 % of evaporative cooling water demand, redirecting water to toilet flushing during low cooling periods. Annual water demand ranged from 7 to 22 m<sup>3</sup>/(m<sup>3</sup>/s), covering 28–58 % of cooling demand. Energy savings reached 34 % with water savings between 13 and 28 %. Suggested system size yielded energy savings of 1–28 % and water savings of 8–28 %. The seasonal coefficient of performance varied strongly with operational time and cooling demand. This study provides crucial data on the synergetic benefit of such a system, bridging the knowledge gaps on their practical performance and potential on enhancing building resource efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoye Dong , Di Wu , Xiaochun Xiao , Haiting Lu , Xin Ding
{"title":"A study on the influence of aggregate shape on the aggregate void ratio and stress-strain performance of pervious concrete (PC)","authors":"Xiaoye Dong , Di Wu , Xiaochun Xiao , Haiting Lu , Xin Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dibe.2025.100704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aggregate morphology is essential for studying the mechanical properties of PC. This study captures the true morphology of aggregates and classifies them using shape indices such as the Flatness Index (<em>FI</em>) and Elongation Index (<em>EI</em>). The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is utilized to investigate the impact of aggregate morphological parameters on void ratio and pore space distribution. Uniaxial compression DEM numerical simulations are used to evaluate the macroscopic mechanical responses and stress-strain relationships of PCs with various aggregate shapes. The results indicate that regular aggregate shapes can reduce void ratio and enhance load-bearing capacity. While the effect of aggregate shape on the ascending branch of the normalized stress-strain curve is limited, increased aggregate shape irregularity results in a steeper descending branch. Based on this, a stress-strain relationship evaluation equation for PCs with different aggregate shapes has been established, providing a reliable method for predicting their mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34137,"journal":{"name":"Developments in the Built Environment","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}