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Comparing penicillin and azithromycin in treating scarlet fever 比较青霉素和阿奇霉素治疗猩红热的效果
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240579
Xiaoxu Mei
{"title":"Comparing penicillin and azithromycin in treating scarlet fever","authors":"Xiaoxu Mei","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240579","url":null,"abstract":"Scarlet fever was a typical respiratory infection in the 18th and 19th nations. It was due to group A beta hemolytic streptococcus. Symptoms were high fever, throat pain, and rash. The illness is mainly treated with penicillin V and azithromycin, thus reducing allergic reactions in patients. Penicillin V plays its role by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and inducing bacterial autolysis. Azithromycin prevents microbial protein formation primarily by targeting the sensitive microbial ribosomes 50S subunit. But with the frequent use of these two classes of antibiotics, bacteria have developed resistance to both drugs in an evolving process. In this study, I would like to talk about the two common antibiotics that are currently the most effective and commonly used to treat scarlet fever.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"59 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distinctions between TESS and Kepler data of KIC 8462852 and criticism of the circumsolar ring hypotheses KIC 8462852的TESS和开普勒数据之间的区别以及对太阳系环假说的批评
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240970
Yichen Lan, Jiayang Xu
{"title":"Distinctions between TESS and Kepler data of KIC 8462852 and criticism of the circumsolar ring hypotheses","authors":"Yichen Lan, Jiayang Xu","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240970","url":null,"abstract":"KIC 8462852, an F3 main sequence star, has been observed to undergo deep light curve dips whose origin remains unknown. Since the discovery of these deep dips in 2016, numerous hypotheses have been proposed, including but not limited to dust clouds, a family of disrupted comets, and circumstellar gas. In this paper, the possibility of the circumsolar ring hypothesis is explored by evaluating the flux change of surrounding stars and calculating the possible thickness of the ring. This work also analyzes Kepler data and the new TESS data of KIC 8462852, which presents a symmetric transit-like dip that has never been observed. Speculating this is a planet-star transit. This work yields a transit period of 427 days. The analysis of the latest data set provides further evidence for the study and may weaken some predicted periods and hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"59 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Up-regulation of IL-1 signaling pathway enhances gene expression of transcription factors (Jun, Junb, Jund, and Fos) IL-1 信号通路的上调可增强转录因子（Jun、Junb、Jund 和 Fos）的基因表达
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240582
Xiang Li
{"title":"Up-regulation of IL-1 signaling pathway enhances gene expression of transcription factors (Jun, Junb, Jund, and Fos)","authors":"Xiang Li","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240582","url":null,"abstract":"Preventing he accumulation of Beta-amyloid (A) plaques has been explored as main treatment of Alzheimers disease. Microglial deletion of the gene encoding -site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE-1), an important enzyme facilitating the formation of A, leads to the transition from homeostatic microglia to stage 1 disease-associated microglia (DAM-1) while preventing DAM-1 from further converting into stage 2 disease-associated microglia (DAM-2). Therefore, investigating the pathway of this process can be insight of targeted drug development. In the review part of this paper, the Interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway is discussed. Based on previous research, a proposal hypothesizing that the activation of the IL-1 signaling pathway enhances the activity of TF and leads to the up-regulation of TF gene expression is designed. The goal is to prove that the up-regulation of IL-1 Signaling pathway can enhance the gene expression of Transcription factors including Jun, Junb, Jund, and Fos, therefore stabilizing the microglia at the stage of DAM-1. Based on the expected experimental results of this study, targeted drugs such as Soluble Type II receptor of Interleukin-1 (sIL-1R2) inhibitors can be developed for AD treatment.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the complex nexus of Alzheimers disease in down syndrome 探索阿尔茨海默病与唐氏综合征之间的复杂联系
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240409
Yuxin Li
{"title":"Exploring the complex nexus of Alzheimers disease in down syndrome","authors":"Yuxin Li","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240409","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the life expectancy of individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) has increased significantly thanks to the advancements in healthcare and treatments, giving rise to an older population of people with DS. However, this demographic shift has brought about new concerns: as individuals with DS age, they face a higher incidence of early-onset Alzheimers Disease (EOAD) (i.e. the development of AD before the age of 65). Research has revealed an accelerated progression of symptoms, from onset of dementia to death, in DS patients. Thus, it is essential to identify the factors (both genetic and environmental) that underlie the development of different stages of AD-DS. Concomitantly, there is a pressing need to initiate intervention trials that could slow down or prevent the rapid advancement of AD-DS. This paper underscores the growing importance of addressing AD-DS in an ageing DS population. By elucidating genetic and environmental factors, clinical features, diagnostic challenges, roles of genes in the development of AD-DS, and potential future research directions, the article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DAT) and facilitate the development of effective treatments that could improve the lives of DS individuals affected by DAT.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of current anti-obesity medication 审查当前的抗肥胖药物
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240861
Jiayi Shi
{"title":"Review of current anti-obesity medication","authors":"Jiayi Shi","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240861","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is most widely accepted to lose weight by purely exercising and modifying diet, such a strategy often takes a relatively long time to work and may be inadequate for patients with other conditions, such as knee problems. The anti-obesity medications (AOMs) approved in the market are generally divided into two groups with either acting sites on peripheral digestive organs or on central nervous systems (CNS). Two representatives of these categories are Orlistat and Semaglutide. Especially, the GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), represented by Semaglutide, have a more promising future and more medications undergoing development.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"46 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medication affecting the correlation of aggression development and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 影响攻击行为发展与注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）相关性的药物
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240858
Tianqi Wang
{"title":"Medication affecting the correlation of aggression development and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)","authors":"Tianqi Wang","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240858","url":null,"abstract":"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 3-7% of children in the U.S. Magnetic studies have shown a decrease in the corpus callosum in children diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD may have a greater impact on the white substance in certain areas of the brain. The cortical thickness as well as the levels of serotonin in the brain is also attributed as a contributing factor establishing the correlation between the two disorders. There are some clinical trials that indicate a medication that can treat both ADHD and aggression. The most common medication for disrupting the link is the use of stimulants and non-stimulants which are used in treating ADHD, the reduced aggression levels are attributed to effective treatment results in ADHI. Antipsychotic medications are used in treating aggression in cases of maladaptive aggression which does not respond to stimulants. Hence, the goal is to treat one disorder (ADHD) and use other combinations like behavioral treatment to reduce the levels of aggression.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"51 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Verification of Taylor's theorem 泰勒定理的验证
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/43/20241022
Qiyu Li
{"title":"Verification of Taylor's theorem","authors":"Qiyu Li","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/43/20241022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/43/20241022","url":null,"abstract":"Multivariate function calculus is an important part of mathematical analysis courses, and most conclusions can be found and generalized in univariate calculus. However, the biggest difficulty in teaching multivariate calculus lies in its abstraction, such as Taylors theorem, multiple integral regions drawing, and integral variable transformation. At the same time, ordinary differential equations are also one of the basic courses of the profession, and dynamic systems based on ordinary differential equations have extensive applications in mathematical models of continuity problems and optimal control problems. Software such as Mathematica, Python, Matlab, etc. can solve similar problems. Therefore, this article will use the visualization and computational capabilities of Mathematica to validate important definitions and conclusions in multivariate calculus, and compare the differences among the three software in solving approximate numerical solutions of dynamic systems of ordinary differential equations from different perspectives.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"48 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discovery of neutrino and oscillation phenomenon 发现中微子和振荡现象
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240833
Jinghao Sun, Jiayu Yu, Xinyi Li, Xi Liu
{"title":"Discovery of neutrino and oscillation phenomenon","authors":"Jinghao Sun, Jiayu Yu, Xinyi Li, Xi Liu","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240833","url":null,"abstract":"As an intersection of particle physics, nuclear physics and geophysics, neutrinos are currently a hot research direction in the physics field, and it plays an important role in the study of the origin and evolution of the universe and the formation and evolution of celestial bodies. The Standard Model of particle physics has achieved great success in describing experimental phenomena in particle physics and correctly classifying known particles. In 2015, Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of neutrino oscillations, which brought neutrino research to a climax. In recent years, major breakthroughs have been made in the study of neutrinos, with the discovery that neutrinos have mass and that different neutrinos can be transformed into each other in a way known as neutrino oscillations, or neutrino mixing. Neutrino oscillations are the only physical phenomenon so far that cannot be explained by the Standard Model. Because neutrinos play an important role in both the most microscopic particle physics and the most macroscopic formation and evolution of the universe, the study of neutrinos is increasingly becoming a popular research direction. In this paper, the neutrino oscillation experiment is comprehensively studied and interpreted from the perspective of historical development. Designed to verify the existence of neutrino oscillations and thus prove that neutrinos have mass.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"44 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging immune checkpoint and its combination therapy in cancer treatment 癌症治疗中新出现的免疫检查点及其联合疗法
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240551
Xiaozheng Yue
{"title":"Emerging immune checkpoint and its combination therapy in cancer treatment","authors":"Xiaozheng Yue","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240551","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, cancer immunotherapy has become a cornerstone of cancer treatment, standing alongside traditional methods such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of cancer immunotherapy, with a particular focus on the critical role of immune checkpoints in cancer treatment. It covers classic immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, as well as emerging checkpoints such as TIGIT, TIM-3, LAG-3, VISTA, and IDO-1, elucidating their mechanisms and ongoing clinical trials. In addition, the promising areas of combination therapy involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are investigated. In this study, the combined action and synergistic effect of different ICIs such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 were investigated. In addition, it examines how ICIs can be strategically paired with other treatment strategies, including EGFR TKIs, anti-VEGF /VEGFR therapies, radiotherapy, and mRNA-based vaccines. These combinations are designed to enhance anti-tumor responses and overcome drug resistance. In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive overview of cancer immunotherapy, highlighting its critical role in modern oncology. It points to the richness and complexity of immune checkpoints, highlighting their importance, challenges, and the development of combination therapies aimed at harnessing the potential of the immune system to fight cancer.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"38 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The mechanism of MRSA drug tolerance and the comparison between vancomycin and daptomycin in the treatment of MRSA infections MRSA 药物耐受机制以及万古霉素和达托霉素在治疗 MRSA 感染中的比较
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240620
Chun Xu, Yuming Li, Yan Pan, Yanzi Li, Yanning Zhang
{"title":"The mechanism of MRSA drug tolerance and the comparison between vancomycin and daptomycin in the treatment of MRSA infections","authors":"Chun Xu, Yuming Li, Yan Pan, Yanzi Li, Yanning Zhang","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240620","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a superbug that is resistant to multiple antibiotics commonly used in medication and has caused severe infections in humans for hundreds of years. This review examines the MRSA drug resistance mechanism and compares the efficacies between two antibiotics, daptomycin and vancomycin, in treating MRSA infections. The resistance mechanism of MRSA alters the structure of inactivating the antibiotics. Therefore, the MRSA resistance to daptomycin and vancomycin is analyzed to show how MRSA reacts to different antibiotics preferred in therapy. Moreover, the efficacies of two antimicrobial drugs were analyzed by the research and data from journals and magazines. Combined with rifampin, two antibiotics show more potent efficacies with fewer doses, and could be an alternative therapy to conventional individual antibiotics only.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"30 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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