Theoretical and Natural Science最新文献

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The history context and future directions of lactic acid 乳酸的历史背景和未来发展方向
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/37/20240214
Xiangyu Su
{"title":"The history context and future directions of lactic acid","authors":"Xiangyu Su","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/37/20240214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/37/20240214","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid, initially considered a neglected metabolic waste product, has gradually shown its irreplaceable value in the human body. Up to now, it has become a hot topic of current research. From its first time its discovery in milk to its becoming a product of cellular respiration and metabolism, lactic acid was viewed to be a useless product in metabolism and therefore resulted in the suspension of related research. Later, with the birth of the concept of lactate shuttle between cells, lactate once again showed a very important function in the energy field of physiological research, including the participation of whole-body energy metabolism and the regulation of the cancer microenvironment. However, after some time, the research on lactic acid seems to have stalled again in the role of lactic acid as a small molecule. Not until 2019, the discovery of acetylation of histone extended a new field of lactate research epigenetic modification. This review summarizes the research on various aspects of lactate and highlights the progress and application of lactate in histone modification.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"120 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modification of ibuprofen synthesis through the mechanism analysis 通过机理分析修改布洛芬的合成方法
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240519
Xinzhi Hu, Yulai Song, Jincheng Li, Yueying Huang
{"title":"Modification of ibuprofen synthesis through the mechanism analysis","authors":"Xinzhi Hu, Yulai Song, Jincheng Li, Yueying Huang","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240519","url":null,"abstract":"Ibuprofen is a common anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that was first invented and patented by Boots UK back in the 1960s. Even though ibuprofen is made in huge amounts worldwide nowadays, researchers are still trying to improve how it's synthesized to make the process more efficient, sustainable, and less harmful to the environment. This paper looks at how ibuprofen synthesis methods have evolved over history, from Boots' original approach to more recent stuff like the BHC process, using electrochemistry, and continuous flow systems. It examines the mechanism, green chemistry measures, and the pros and cons of each technique. While it gave the first usable manufacturing method, Boots' synthesis wasn't so great with its atom economy. The BHC synthesis boosted yield and atom economy a lot by streamlining the process. Newer ways aim to make it even more selective and sustainable by using novel chemistries and tighter process control. Basically, ibuprofen synthesis has steadily progressed over time thanks to step-by-step innovation and a better understanding of the mechanisms. The paper suggests ways forward to produce this important drug in safer, more efficient, eco-friendly ways using modern green chemistry practices. Any pharmaceutical synthesis impacts people and the environment, so we gotta keep improving processes.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"16 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimization design and performance improvement of ther-mal barrier coating (TBC) system 热膜阻隔涂层(TBC)系统的优化设计和性能改进
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240613
Zijian Lang
{"title":"Optimization design and performance improvement of ther-mal barrier coating (TBC) system","authors":"Zijian Lang","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240613","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) technology has become one of the key technologies to improve the performance and prolong the service life of gas turbine and other high temperature equipment. In this study, the selection of materials, coating methods, the influence of environmental factors on the performance of TBC system and the thermal stress analysis and optimization strategy are discussed, improve the overall performance and stability of TBC system. TBC coatings were efficiently prepared by the use of Nikolay bonding layer and stabilized zirconia as top ceramic materials, combined with electron beam Physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) and plasma spraying (APS) techniques. In addition, the thermal stress model was established by FEA, and the thermal stress distribution of TBC system under extreme operating conditions was analyzed in detail, to reduce thermal stress concentration and improve the thermal barrier effect of the coating. Finally, through the establishment of TBC system life prediction model and in-depth analysis of the failure mechanism, a series of preventive measures and performance improvement strategies are proposed, it provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for coating design of gas turbine and other high temperature equipment.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"117 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparing penicillin and azithromycin in treating scarlet fever 比较青霉素和阿奇霉素治疗猩红热的效果
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240579
Xiaoxu Mei
{"title":"Comparing penicillin and azithromycin in treating scarlet fever","authors":"Xiaoxu Mei","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240579","url":null,"abstract":"Scarlet fever was a typical respiratory infection in the 18th and 19th nations. It was due to group A beta hemolytic streptococcus. Symptoms were high fever, throat pain, and rash. The illness is mainly treated with penicillin V and azithromycin, thus reducing allergic reactions in patients. Penicillin V plays its role by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and inducing bacterial autolysis. Azithromycin prevents microbial protein formation primarily by targeting the sensitive microbial ribosomes 50S subunit. But with the frequent use of these two classes of antibiotics, bacteria have developed resistance to both drugs in an evolving process. In this study, I would like to talk about the two common antibiotics that are currently the most effective and commonly used to treat scarlet fever.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"59 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distinctions between TESS and Kepler data of KIC 8462852 and criticism of the circumsolar ring hypotheses KIC 8462852的TESS和开普勒数据之间的区别以及对太阳系环假说的批评
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240970
Yichen Lan, Jiayang Xu
{"title":"Distinctions between TESS and Kepler data of KIC 8462852 and criticism of the circumsolar ring hypotheses","authors":"Yichen Lan, Jiayang Xu","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240970","url":null,"abstract":"KIC 8462852, an F3 main sequence star, has been observed to undergo deep light curve dips whose origin remains unknown. Since the discovery of these deep dips in 2016, numerous hypotheses have been proposed, including but not limited to dust clouds, a family of disrupted comets, and circumstellar gas. In this paper, the possibility of the circumsolar ring hypothesis is explored by evaluating the flux change of surrounding stars and calculating the possible thickness of the ring. This work also analyzes Kepler data and the new TESS data of KIC 8462852, which presents a symmetric transit-like dip that has never been observed. Speculating this is a planet-star transit. This work yields a transit period of 427 days. The analysis of the latest data set provides further evidence for the study and may weaken some predicted periods and hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"59 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Up-regulation of IL-1 signaling pathway enhances gene expression of transcription factors (Jun, Junb, Jund, and Fos) IL-1 信号通路的上调可增强转录因子(Jun、Junb、Jund 和 Fos)的基因表达
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240582
Xiang Li
{"title":"Up-regulation of IL-1 signaling pathway enhances gene expression of transcription factors (Jun, Junb, Jund, and Fos)","authors":"Xiang Li","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240582","url":null,"abstract":"Preventing he accumulation of Beta-amyloid (A) plaques has been explored as main treatment of Alzheimers disease. Microglial deletion of the gene encoding -site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE-1), an important enzyme facilitating the formation of A, leads to the transition from homeostatic microglia to stage 1 disease-associated microglia (DAM-1) while preventing DAM-1 from further converting into stage 2 disease-associated microglia (DAM-2). Therefore, investigating the pathway of this process can be insight of targeted drug development. In the review part of this paper, the Interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway is discussed. Based on previous research, a proposal hypothesizing that the activation of the IL-1 signaling pathway enhances the activity of TF and leads to the up-regulation of TF gene expression is designed. The goal is to prove that the up-regulation of IL-1 Signaling pathway can enhance the gene expression of Transcription factors including Jun, Junb, Jund, and Fos, therefore stabilizing the microglia at the stage of DAM-1. Based on the expected experimental results of this study, targeted drugs such as Soluble Type II receptor of Interleukin-1 (sIL-1R2) inhibitors can be developed for AD treatment.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"26 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the complex nexus of Alzheimers disease in down syndrome 探索阿尔茨海默病与唐氏综合征之间的复杂联系
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240409
Yuxin Li
{"title":"Exploring the complex nexus of Alzheimers disease in down syndrome","authors":"Yuxin Li","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240409","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the life expectancy of individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) has increased significantly thanks to the advancements in healthcare and treatments, giving rise to an older population of people with DS. However, this demographic shift has brought about new concerns: as individuals with DS age, they face a higher incidence of early-onset Alzheimers Disease (EOAD) (i.e. the development of AD before the age of 65). Research has revealed an accelerated progression of symptoms, from onset of dementia to death, in DS patients. Thus, it is essential to identify the factors (both genetic and environmental) that underlie the development of different stages of AD-DS. Concomitantly, there is a pressing need to initiate intervention trials that could slow down or prevent the rapid advancement of AD-DS. This paper underscores the growing importance of addressing AD-DS in an ageing DS population. By elucidating genetic and environmental factors, clinical features, diagnostic challenges, roles of genes in the development of AD-DS, and potential future research directions, the article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DAT) and facilitate the development of effective treatments that could improve the lives of DS individuals affected by DAT.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of current anti-obesity medication 审查当前的抗肥胖药物
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240861
Jiayi Shi
{"title":"Review of current anti-obesity medication","authors":"Jiayi Shi","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240861","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is most widely accepted to lose weight by purely exercising and modifying diet, such a strategy often takes a relatively long time to work and may be inadequate for patients with other conditions, such as knee problems. The anti-obesity medications (AOMs) approved in the market are generally divided into two groups with either acting sites on peripheral digestive organs or on central nervous systems (CNS). Two representatives of these categories are Orlistat and Semaglutide. Especially, the GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), represented by Semaglutide, have a more promising future and more medications undergoing development.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"46 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medication affecting the correlation of aggression development and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 影响攻击行为发展与注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)相关性的药物
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240858
Tianqi Wang
{"title":"Medication affecting the correlation of aggression development and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)","authors":"Tianqi Wang","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/44/20240858","url":null,"abstract":"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 3-7% of children in the U.S. Magnetic studies have shown a decrease in the corpus callosum in children diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD may have a greater impact on the white substance in certain areas of the brain. The cortical thickness as well as the levels of serotonin in the brain is also attributed as a contributing factor establishing the correlation between the two disorders. There are some clinical trials that indicate a medication that can treat both ADHD and aggression. The most common medication for disrupting the link is the use of stimulants and non-stimulants which are used in treating ADHD, the reduced aggression levels are attributed to effective treatment results in ADHI. Antipsychotic medications are used in treating aggression in cases of maladaptive aggression which does not respond to stimulants. Hence, the goal is to treat one disorder (ADHD) and use other combinations like behavioral treatment to reduce the levels of aggression.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"51 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Verification of Taylor's theorem 泰勒定理的验证
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/43/20241022
Qiyu Li
{"title":"Verification of Taylor's theorem","authors":"Qiyu Li","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/43/20241022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/43/20241022","url":null,"abstract":"Multivariate function calculus is an important part of mathematical analysis courses, and most conclusions can be found and generalized in univariate calculus. However, the biggest difficulty in teaching multivariate calculus lies in its abstraction, such as Taylors theorem, multiple integral regions drawing, and integral variable transformation. At the same time, ordinary differential equations are also one of the basic courses of the profession, and dynamic systems based on ordinary differential equations have extensive applications in mathematical models of continuity problems and optimal control problems. Software such as Mathematica, Python, Matlab, etc. can solve similar problems. Therefore, this article will use the visualization and computational capabilities of Mathematica to validate important definitions and conclusions in multivariate calculus, and compare the differences among the three software in solving approximate numerical solutions of dynamic systems of ordinary differential equations from different perspectives.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"48 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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