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The history context and future directions of lactic acid 乳酸的历史背景和未来发展方向
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/37/20240214
Xiangyu Su
{"title":"The history context and future directions of lactic acid","authors":"Xiangyu Su","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/37/20240214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/37/20240214","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid, initially considered a neglected metabolic waste product, has gradually shown its irreplaceable value in the human body. Up to now, it has become a hot topic of current research. From its first time its discovery in milk to its becoming a product of cellular respiration and metabolism, lactic acid was viewed to be a useless product in metabolism and therefore resulted in the suspension of related research. Later, with the birth of the concept of lactate shuttle between cells, lactate once again showed a very important function in the energy field of physiological research, including the participation of whole-body energy metabolism and the regulation of the cancer microenvironment. However, after some time, the research on lactic acid seems to have stalled again in the role of lactic acid as a small molecule. Not until 2019, the discovery of acetylation of histone extended a new field of lactate research epigenetic modification. This review summarizes the research on various aspects of lactate and highlights the progress and application of lactate in histone modification.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"120 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modification of ibuprofen synthesis through the mechanism analysis 通过机理分析修改布洛芬的合成方法
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240519
Xinzhi Hu, Yulai Song, Jincheng Li, Yueying Huang
{"title":"Modification of ibuprofen synthesis through the mechanism analysis","authors":"Xinzhi Hu, Yulai Song, Jincheng Li, Yueying Huang","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240519","url":null,"abstract":"Ibuprofen is a common anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that was first invented and patented by Boots UK back in the 1960s. Even though ibuprofen is made in huge amounts worldwide nowadays, researchers are still trying to improve how it's synthesized to make the process more efficient, sustainable, and less harmful to the environment. This paper looks at how ibuprofen synthesis methods have evolved over history, from Boots' original approach to more recent stuff like the BHC process, using electrochemistry, and continuous flow systems. It examines the mechanism, green chemistry measures, and the pros and cons of each technique. While it gave the first usable manufacturing method, Boots' synthesis wasn't so great with its atom economy. The BHC synthesis boosted yield and atom economy a lot by streamlining the process. Newer ways aim to make it even more selective and sustainable by using novel chemistries and tighter process control. Basically, ibuprofen synthesis has steadily progressed over time thanks to step-by-step innovation and a better understanding of the mechanisms. The paper suggests ways forward to produce this important drug in safer, more efficient, eco-friendly ways using modern green chemistry practices. Any pharmaceutical synthesis impacts people and the environment, so we gotta keep improving processes.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"16 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimization design and performance improvement of ther-mal barrier coating (TBC) system 热膜阻隔涂层（TBC）系统的优化设计和性能改进
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240613
Zijian Lang
{"title":"Optimization design and performance improvement of ther-mal barrier coating (TBC) system","authors":"Zijian Lang","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240613","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) technology has become one of the key technologies to improve the performance and prolong the service life of gas turbine and other high temperature equipment. In this study, the selection of materials, coating methods, the influence of environmental factors on the performance of TBC system and the thermal stress analysis and optimization strategy are discussed, improve the overall performance and stability of TBC system. TBC coatings were efficiently prepared by the use of Nikolay bonding layer and stabilized zirconia as top ceramic materials, combined with electron beam Physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) and plasma spraying (APS) techniques. In addition, the thermal stress model was established by FEA, and the thermal stress distribution of TBC system under extreme operating conditions was analyzed in detail, to reduce thermal stress concentration and improve the thermal barrier effect of the coating. Finally, through the establishment of TBC system life prediction model and in-depth analysis of the failure mechanism, a series of preventive measures and performance improvement strategies are proposed, it provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for coating design of gas turbine and other high temperature equipment.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"117 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Restoring the acidifying function of lysosomes for Alzheimer's disease therapy 恢复溶酶体的酸化功能以治疗阿尔茨海默病
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240552
Xinyan Zhou, Yile Xie, Xiang Li, Yixuan Cao
{"title":"Restoring the acidifying function of lysosomes for Alzheimer's disease therapy","authors":"Xinyan Zhou, Yile Xie, Xiang Li, Yixuan Cao","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240552","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimers disease, abbreviated as AD, is a clinical syndrome that often occurs in the elderly, characterized by progressive deterioration of memory and cognitive function. The disease usually manifests gradually, following a slow and irreversible progression. It leads to brain atrophy and eventual cell death. Recent research suggests that Alzheimers disease may result from nerve cell death followed by the appearance of extracellular amyloid plaques. This study will focus on lysosomal acidification disorders, which lead to lysosomal rupture and subsequent cell death. The abnormal acidic environment in lysosomes is mainly due to the increase in pH value and the loss of activity of V-ATPase. This work will investigate the potential of pharmacological agents and nanoparticles to restore lysosomal acidification by enhancing V-ATPase activity and lowering pH levels. The research demonstrates that nanoparticle-based and pharmacological methods hold promise for addressing the dysfunction in lysosomal acidification, a key issue in Alzheimers disease.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"41 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Practical quantitative research on technological impact on Australia post facilities' processing capacity 关于技术对澳大利亚邮政设施处理能力影响的实用定量研究
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240607
Yue Zhao
{"title":"Practical quantitative research on technological impact on Australia post facilities' processing capacity","authors":"Yue Zhao","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240607","url":null,"abstract":"Australia Post has seen increasing demands for its service and in response to this, an automated sorting station and an artificial intelligence-based prioritization system have been installed separately in Tullamarine and Mascot in 2019. This essay aims to answer the question: Can the technology the automated sorting station and the artificial intelligence-based prioritization system effectively improve the processing capability of Australia Post? Four hypotheses will be raised. Selected data for each hypothesis will firstly be described and visualized, then the data will be tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test for normal distribution. According to the Shapiro-Wilk test result and the hypothesis, different statistic tests will be selected to analyze the data followed by the interpretation of the result. In conclusion, the technology - the automated sorting station and the artificial intelligence-based prioritization system can effectively improve the processing capability of Australia Post, and there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two technologies.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"48 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zelda regulates expression of slam in early Drosophila embryo Zelda调节果蝇早期胚胎中slam的表达
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240661
Yujun Li
{"title":"Zelda regulates expression of slam in early Drosophila embryo","authors":"Yujun Li","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240661","url":null,"abstract":"The transcription activation of the zygotic genome is meaningful in the starting stage of development of embryos, it is regulated by a complicated network of protein-DNA interactions and protein-protein interactions including transcription factors and signaling pathways, that follows a time sequence precisely to result in patterned expression and cell fate determination. Zelda as a pioneering transcription factor, modifies expression by binding to highly conserved TAGteam sites. In the present study, we focus on the regulation specific to the gene slow as molasses(slam). The results from in situ hybridization and ChIP-seq assays support the vital influence of Zelda on the expression of slam, yet a TAGteam knockout in vitro mutagenesis experiment is proposed to validate and provide insights to the precise manner of the binding of Zelda. The paper provides analysis of the cis-regulatory event, while more investigations shall be done on the effect of the micro-three-dimensional dynamics of transcription that may result in PolII binding ChIP peaks that appear scattered contiguous crowd, or into the flanking region.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"38 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Addressing data imbalance in neural network spam detection with insights from SMS spam collection 从短信垃圾邮件收集中获得启示，解决神经网络垃圾邮件检测中的数据不平衡问题
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240636
Siyi He
{"title":"Addressing data imbalance in neural network spam detection with insights from SMS spam collection","authors":"Siyi He","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/39/20240636","url":null,"abstract":"In cybersecurity, the persistent challenge of spam detection remains paramount. Traditional methods reliant on human scrutiny or rule-based algorithms are proving inadequate against the constantly evolving tactics employed by spammers. Machine learning emerges as a promising solution, leveraging vast datasets to swiftly and objectively discern patterns and traits within spam messages. By uncovering subtle correlations among message elements, machine learning enhances the precision and efficacy of spam detection systems, offering a dependable and economical approach to combat spam. This study aims to investigate the impact of different strategies for addressing data imbalance on neural network-based spam detection performance. Using the SMS Spam Collection Dataset, four methods for mitigating data imbalance are evaluated against an untreated scenario. Notably, despite inherent data imbalance, the unprocessed scenario exhibits the highest overall performance. Stratified sampling emerges as the most effective technique for accurately identifying spam, while SMOTE excels in preserving legitimate messages (ham) while filtering out spam. These results contribute significantly to peoples understanding of the intricate dynamics in controlling data imbalance in spam detection and offer insightful information for future studies and real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"61 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parkinsons disease detection based on image analysis of EEG signals 基于脑电信号图像分析的帕金森病检测
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240980
Yitao Zhang, Han Yu, Chenyang Sun, Mingheng Jin
{"title":"Parkinsons disease detection based on image analysis of EEG signals","authors":"Yitao Zhang, Han Yu, Chenyang Sun, Mingheng Jin","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240980","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinsons disease (PD) is a common chronic neurological disease, that causes great disturbance to the patient's life and work, and when the disease develops seriously, it may even lead to the death of the patient. Until now, treating PD has been a tough nut to crack and a financial challenge for families and governments alike. In this paper, we propose to use the Resnet-50 Neural Network model to differentiate between 41 PD patients and 41 normal subjects by analyzing time-frequency domain maps of electroencephalography (EEG) signals. This method achieves classification accuracies ranging from 81% to 85% for six-channel detection and varying from 76% to 77% for single-channel detection, which opens up new avenues for the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, demonstrating the potential to combine EEG signals with image processing.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"59 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review of recent developments and challenges in the brain-machine interface 回顾脑机接口的最新发展和挑战
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240588
Zheng Lin
{"title":"A review of recent developments and challenges in the brain-machine interface","authors":"Zheng Lin","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/45/20240588","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of technology and materials, brain-machine interface technology is also developing rapidly and has achieved a lot in recent years. However, BMI still needs to overcome many challenges due to the short development time. This paper reviews the development of BCI in recent years, mainly focusing on electrode materials, BMI signals (EEG and ECoG), BMI applications, and the challenges of BMI. In terms of electrode materials, nanomaterials have made significant progress and shown good biocompatibility. Regarding BMI signals, EEG is often associated with mood research and machine learning, while ECoG is widely used to treat diseases. BMI is mainly used in medicine (recovery of movement and brain sensation) and the life entertainment field. The challenges facing BMI today are mainly animal experiments in neuroethics and the imperfection of BMI in electrode materials.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of charged particle multiplicity with centrality in Au+Au collisions at SNN = 200 GeV SNN = 200 GeV 条件下 Au+Au 碰撞中带电粒子倍率与中心性的研究
Theoretical and Natural Science Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240760
Chensu He, Chia-che Lai, Qixian Jin, Pengyun Lai
{"title":"Study of charged particle multiplicity with centrality in Au+Au collisions at SNN = 200 GeV","authors":"Chensu He, Chia-che Lai, Qixian Jin, Pengyun Lai","doi":"10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/43/20240760","url":null,"abstract":"We have carried out methods of study to find the correlation between charged particle multiplicity and collision centrality of Au+Au collisions at SNN = 200 GeV. We have studied the open data from the ALICE experiment and arrived at the conclusion that central collisions produced a greater number of charged particles than peripheral collisions. This is done by reconstructing the three silicon layers inside the inner tracking system of the detector and studying the change in two spatial variables between layers: pseudorapidity with range || < 1 and azimuthal angle with acceptance , which can then be input into the sideband method to find the final multiplicity of each event. The study provides an insight into the transient nature of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) produced in collisions by exploring how collision aftermaths vary with different conditions of the partons, which hopefully adds to the understanding of matter under the strong force at extreme energy density.","PeriodicalId":341023,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Natural Science","volume":"21 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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