Clinical Psychology in Europe最新文献

{"title":"Conducting Behavioural Experiments Using an App-Based Self-Help Program for Social Anxiety Disorder (SMASH): Outcomes of a Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Pilot Trial.","authors":"Johanna S Schüller, Jacob Kujat, Jan M Schittenhelm, Ronja von Rechenberg, Antonia Čerič, Jürgen Hoyer, Ulrich Stangier","doi":"10.32872/cpe.15687","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.15687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a prevalent mental disorder characterised by fear of negative evaluation. Although effective treatment approaches are available, access remains limited due to psychological and organisational barriers. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) has shown promising results and may facilitate an easy and more resource-efficient access to treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We developed an app-based self-help intervention for SAD based on the Clark and Wells treatment program, implemented as an unguided smartphone application, which was evaluated in this quasi-experimental pre-post pilot study consisting of <i>N</i> = 33 patients with a primary diagnosis of SAD. Feasibility was assessed through usage parameters and qualitative feedback. Effectiveness was evaluated in regard to SAD and depression, using clinician-rated measures (LSAS, QIDS-C) at post-treatment (12 weeks) and self-report measures (SPIN, SCQ, BDI-FS) at midpoint and post-treatment. Additionally, moderating effects of usage parameters on symptom reduction were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinician- and self-reported SAD symptoms were significantly reduced at post-measurement (within-group effect sizes LSAS: η² = .54; SPIN: η² = .47), with 52% of patients achieving a clinically significant improvement. Despite moderate overall adherence, the amount of conducted behavioural experiments moderated reduction in self-reported SAD symptom severity and SAD-related cognitions. Open feedback supported feasibility and acceptability of the app.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, findings provide preliminary support for feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of <i>Mindable: Soziale Phobie</i>. A randomised controlled trial will further evaluate the effectiveness and explore the impact of therapist guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"8 1","pages":"e15687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12955303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insufficient Quality of Mental Health Information on German-Speaking TikTok: A Content Analysis.","authors":"Aaron L Mross, Hidehiko Takahashi, Katja Koelkebeck, Benedikt P Langenbach","doi":"10.32872/cpe.17279","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.17279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing popularity of mental-health information on social media platforms such as TikTok is raising concerns regarding misinformation. Previous research is limited to single disorders and videos in the English language only. Our objective was to investigate the quality of mental health information on German-language TikTok for a broader spectrum of disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty German-language TikTok-videos of each of the six most viewed hashtags on mental disorders (attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, autism, anxiety disorder, narcissism and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) were classified regarding authorship and rated either as \"correct\", \"overgeneralized\", \"incorrect\" or \"subjective experience\". The modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) and the Global Quality Scale (GQS) were used to rate reliability and quality of information for patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 177 videos finally included in this study gathered a total of 94,348,220 views and 19.2% (<i>n</i> = 34) of the videos were rated as correct, 33.3% (<i>n</i> = 59) as incorrect, 18.1% (<i>n</i> = 32) as overgeneralized and 29.4% (<i>n</i> = 52) as personal experience. Chi-Square tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests showed significant relationships between either authorship or diagnosis and quality and reliability. Videos on PTSD and videos by expert authors showed the best and videos on narcissism and videos by laypeople the worst overall results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With around half of the analyzed videos supplying incorrect information, the quality of German-language TikTok mental health content is insufficient. Differences in the quality of content seem to be influenced by the topic and the authorship. Healthcare institutions and clinicians should be aware of this, educate patients accordingly, and could improve the quality of information by participating in online discourses.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"8 1","pages":"e17279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12955308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation and Validation of the German 12-Item Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-12) in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples.","authors":"Celina L Müller, Jakob Fink-Lamotte, Lena Jelinek, Luzie Lohse, Thomas Ehring, Michael Noll-Hussong, Götz Berberich, Andreas Wahl-Kordon, Jens Borgelt, Dean McKay, Jonathan S Abramowitz, Amitai Abramovitch, Barbara Cludius","doi":"10.32872/cpe.16165","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.16165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) is widely used to assess symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Despite its consistent factor structure, criticism on its syndromal validity has been raised. With the recent update of the commonly used diagnostic manuals, hoarding symptoms are now better captured by the diagnosis \"pathological hoarding\". Furthermore, the neutralising scale suffers from relatively low psychometric properties. Consequently, a 12-item version of the scale (OCI-12), excluding hoarding and neutralising items was recently developed in English. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the German version of the OCI-12.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The psychometric properties of the translated German version of the OCI-12 were investigated in a German-speaking sample, consisting of 102 participants with OCD, 69 participants with an anxiety-related disorder, and 248 non-clinical controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The German version of the OCI-12 replicated the four-factor structure of the original English version, with a higher order factor of general OCD symptoms. In addition, similar to the original version, the German OCI-12 showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, moderate-to-good construct validity, and good-to-excellent diagnostic accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The German version of the OCI-12 represents a syndromally valid and reliable inventory for assessing OCD symptoms. Psychometric properties are good-to-excellent and comparable to the original English version. The diagnostic sensitivity is good-to-excellent and further supports using the OCI-12 in clinical and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"7 4","pages":"e16165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdiagnostic Network Mapping of Psychopathology in Daily Life: Rationale and Research Protocol.","authors":"Guðrún R Guðmundsdóttir, Anne Roefs, Alberto Jover Martínez, Anita Jansen, Eiko I Fried, Esmée Groot, Lotte H J M Lemmens","doi":"10.32872/cpe.15939","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.15939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The burden of mental health problems and the need for more effective interventions is well established. One path towards treatment improvement involves more effective (evidence-based) tailoring, which requires a deeper understanding of differences in individual profiles of psychopathology. The network approach to mental disorders has emerged as a promising framework in this regard, as it sees and assesses psychopathology as individual networks of interacting symptoms and other variables and uses analysis methods that allow fine-grained analyses of (differences in) individual processes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We describe the protocol of a 6-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study in a broad clinical population, designed to capture various transdiagnostic psychopathology relevant states. Participants are Dutch adults (desired = 600) who are currently awaiting intake- or start of treatment for psychopathology. In addition to EMA self-reports, we collect digital phenotyping data, a broad range of baseline data on symptomatology and transdiagnostic traits, and diagnostic classifications after intake. The study's primary aims are to estimate individual- and group networks of psychopathology (identifying), explore what factors can explain individual differences in networks (linking), and identify potential subgroups based on the networks (clustering). Finally, we plan to evaluate the measures and procedures to facilitate future transdiagnostic EMA (network) research.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The prospective study findings have the potential to advance the description, prediction, and assessment of psychopathology and to evaluate the utility of the network framework in achieving these aims. The insights gained may facilitate the evaluation and refinement of current classifications of mental health conditions and alternative transdiagnostic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"7 4","pages":"e15939"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Journey Through Time - Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Add-on Effects of Imagery Rescripting to Ongoing Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Patients With Depressive Disorders.","authors":"Amelie Endres, Anja Schaich, Arnoud Arntz, Eva Fassbinder, Fritz Renner","doi":"10.32872/cpe.16709","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.16709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with depression often report recurring memories of stressful events from the past (e.g. experiences of rejection, emotional or physical abuse). These distressing memories, commonly dating back to childhood, can contribute to the development and maintenance of depression through their impact on cognitive schemas. The method of <i>imagery rescripting (ImRs)</i> addresses distressing memories and the associated emotions directly: With therapeutic support, patients recall the respective memory and modify the memory during imagination in such a way that the emotional quality and meaning of the memory changes. In this randomized trial, we will assess the impact of a three-session ImRs intervention within standard cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression, comparing it to an active control intervention (imagery relaxation).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sixty-six patients with MDD who are currently receiving treatment (CBT) will be randomized to either (1) the experimental condition (ImRs) or (2) the control condition (imagery relaxation). Reduction of depressive symptoms, measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is the primary outcome. The BDI-II will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 4-week and 8-week follow-ups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study will help to clarify whether adding three ImRs sessions improves the effectiveness of CBT for depression. We outline the next steps for future research and highlight the potential of this novel intervention for depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"7 4","pages":"e16709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociative Experiences and Substance Use Disorder in Adulthood After Childhood Trauma: A Systematic Review of the Literature.","authors":"Cory Julien, Laura Bernard, Vincent Brejard","doi":"10.32872/cpe.15877","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.15877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Childhood trauma is more prevalent among individuals with substance use disorders compared to the general population, representing a significant public health concern. The presence of comorbid dissociative symptoms poses a significant challenge for psychological care.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We conducted a systematic review of the literature, using the PRISMA method, to establish the relationship between dissociative experiences and substance misuse in adults who have experienced traumatic childhood events.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used electronic databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Web of Science and ProQuest) up to August 2023. Studies were selected which included adults over 18 years old who had been exposed to one or more traumatic events in childhood, and which jointly assessed Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and dissociation, using quantitative methodology. The review included both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, with the risk of bias assessed using the AXIS tool and the Qualitative Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The results are entered in a table and analyzed using a narrative summary.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 18 included studies, encompassing a total of 6,451 participants, the majority (<i>n</i> = 10) showed a significant positive correlation between dissociative experiences and SUD. The studies collectively indicate a general trend: childhood traumatic antecedents can influence the severity of dissociative symptomatology and SUD.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results are discussed in greater depth in relation to the two main theories explaining the link between SUD and dissociation, namely <i>self-medication</i> and <i>chemical dissociation theory.</i> This paper clarifies the relationship between dissociation and substance use in a population traumatized in childhood, although the heterogeneity of the studies necessitates a cautious interpretation of this primary finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"7 4","pages":"e15877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behind the Doors: 24 Insights Into Scientific Publishing.","authors":"Cornelia Weise","doi":"10.32872/cpe.20861","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.20861","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"7 4","pages":"e20861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12918449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Risk Factors From Late Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood.","authors":"Simone Pfeiffer, Philipp Alt, Sabine Walper","doi":"10.32872/cpe.15801","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.15801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study addresses a research gap by identifying depressive symptom trajectories from adolescence to emerging adulthood in a German community sample using a person-centered approach.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample consisted of 3,682 adolescents and young adults (49.3% self-identified as female; age at T1: 15-19 years, <i>M</i> = 17.03, <i>SD</i> = 0.88) assessed in seven annual waves of the German Family Panel Pairfam. Latent class growth analysis was conducted with sociodemographic variables (gender, family status, parental education, economic deprivation, immigration background) and depressive symptoms, as assessed by the State-Trait Depression Scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five depressive symptom trajectories were identified: stable low symptoms (34%), intermediate onset with decreasing symptom trajectory (8%), intermediate onset with slow increasing symptom trajectory (46%), intermediate onset with strong increase symptom trajectory (9%) and stable high symptoms (4%). Female gender and economic deprivation were predictors for all four classes associated with higher depressive symptoms with reference to the class with stable low depressive symptoms. Family status and immigration status lost their predictive impact for membership in depressive symptom trajectories when economic deprivation was included.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Interventions should target the underlying etiological factors of female gender and economic deprivation being risk factors for trajectories of depression, taking into consideration the complexity and interaction of biopsychosocial and political variables in the development of depressive disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"7 4","pages":"e15801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes and Expectations Towards Mental Health Interventions in the General Population: Comparing Face-to-Face Counseling, Blended Counseling, and Digital or On-Paper Self-Help.","authors":"Nele A J De Witte, Fien Buelens, Jennifer Apolinário-Hagen, Tom Van Daele","doi":"10.32872/cpe.16235","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.16235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Digital interventions are supported by a growing evidence base and have the potential to contribute to accessible and personalized mental healthcare services. When individuals seek help for mental health problems, various intervention options are available in a digital, face-to-face or on-paper format. However, it is important to understand what individuals find important for intervention selection and how they perceive different intervention options.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study recruited 232 individuals for a cross-sectional online survey on (1) the relevance of 12 evaluation dimensions for mental health support, (2) whether self-help books, digital interventions, face-to-face counseling, and blended interventions would meet expectations, and (3) self-reported likelihood of use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most important dimensions for intervention selection were helpfulness, personal support, motivates to get better, and credibility. Face-to-face counseling was evaluated favorably for dimensions linked to intervention content (e.g., helpfulness), while self-help approaches were rated more positively for practical aspects (e.g., waiting time). Blended counseling received fairly similar dimension ratings as face-to-face counseling. Self-reported likelihood of use differed significantly between modalities despite large individual differences. Face-to-face interventions were most likely to be used, followed by blended counseling, with digital and on-paper self-help options sharing third place.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggests that mere self-help (online or on paper) does not sufficiently meet the needs and is not the preferred choice for handling mental health problems for most individuals. If presented with the choice, individuals still prefer face-to-face counseling. Nevertheless, blended interventions can be a promising treatment option for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"7 4","pages":"e16235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structured Diagnostic Interviews in Psychotherapy Training: Trainees' Beliefs About Interviews and Their Relationship to Overall Interview Satisfaction.","authors":"Sebastian Palmer, Bertram Walter, Christiane Hermann, Rudolf Stark, Andrea Hermann","doi":"10.32872/cpe.17321","DOIUrl":"10.32872/cpe.17321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Structured diagnostic interviews (SDIs) are frequently used in science and are highly recommended for diagnosing mental disorders in clinical practice. However, the actual SDI familiarity and use among psychotherapy practitioners is limited. To identify opportunities for training improvement and ensure a frequent SDI application by future practitioners, data on SDI experiences and beliefs among current psychotherapy trainees is essential.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong><i>N</i> = 233 psychotherapy trainees completed an online survey that included questions about their SDI experiences, use, beliefs, and their estimation of patient SDI satisfaction and acceptance. In addition, adherence to psychotherapeutic orientation and personality factors were assessed. Correlation between SDI satisfaction and familiarity was computed. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to predict trainees' SDI satisfaction by beliefs about SDIs. Exploratory correlations between SDI satisfaction, adherence to psychotherapeutic orientations, and personality factors were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SDI familiarity was significantly related to trainees' overall SDI satisfaction. Both positive (e.g., \"SDIs are efficient\") and negative (e.g., \"SDIs disturb the relationship to patients\") beliefs about SDIs predicted trainees' overall satisfaction. Small relationships were found between SDI satisfaction and adherence to psychotherapeutic orientation, but none to personality factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychotherapy training programs should provide sufficient opportunity for SDI practice to promote trainee satisfaction. Training providers should address trainees' beliefs and concerns, underline advantages of SDIs, and inform about actual SDI acceptance among patients to resolve prejudice. Trainees' personality appears to be less relevant to SDI satisfaction, but further investigations are needed. The findings have important implications for overcoming barriers to the use of structured diagnostic interviews.</p>","PeriodicalId":34029,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology in Europe","volume":"7 4","pages":"e17321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}