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High Efficiency Bidirectional LLC Converter for Solar-Charged Electric Vehicles 用于太阳能充电电动汽车的高效双向LLC变换器
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490144
Pengfei Zheng, J. Bauman
{"title":"High Efficiency Bidirectional LLC Converter for Solar-Charged Electric Vehicles","authors":"Pengfei Zheng, J. Bauman","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490144","url":null,"abstract":"Recent interest in electric vehicles with on-board solar generation presents a new opportunity for using solar electric vehicles (SEVs) for distributed generation when the traction battery is fully charged. This presents a new power electronic challenge: the on-board charger should have high efficiency in the grid-to-vehicle direction for normal charging power levels (i.e., 6.6 kW) and also high efficiency in the vehicle-to-grid direction for much lower solar power levels (i.e., <800 W). However, typical on-board charger topologies have low efficiency at light loads. This paper proposes a novel bidirectional LLC converter to address this challenge. PLECS simulation results show that the proposed converter is 1–7% more efficient than the traditional dual bridge converter at low loads for vehicle-to-grid power flow.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126984436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Energy Consumption Uncertainty Model For Battery-Electric Buses in Transit 纯电动公交车在运能量消耗不确定性模型
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490103
Hatem Abdelaty, M. Mohamed
{"title":"Energy Consumption Uncertainty Model For Battery-Electric Buses in Transit","authors":"Hatem Abdelaty, M. Mohamed","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490103","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops a Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN) model to predict the consumed energy (EC) of Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) based on bus, route, driver aggressiveness, and environmental parameters. An ADVISOR simulation tool is utilized to estimate EC for 10,800 operation scenarios resulted from a fractional-factorial design. The scenarios are used in a DLNN model with a goodness-of-fit of 0.993. The results show that road gradient sharply increases the EC, while driver aggressiveness parameters considerably affect the EC. The outcomes provide a substantial indication for the operation of BEBs transit networks concerning the consumed energy.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131779494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Cost analysis in different battery pack architectures considering protection, monitoring, and diagnostics 考虑保护、监控和诊断的不同电池组架构的成本分析
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490170
Y. Cheng, Francesco Porpora, M. D’Arpino, G. Rizzoni
{"title":"Cost analysis in different battery pack architectures considering protection, monitoring, and diagnostics","authors":"Y. Cheng, Francesco Porpora, M. D’Arpino, G. Rizzoni","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490170","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive, aerospace, and electric power systems industry make increasing use of complex energy storage systems that are comprised of large number of cells connected in various electrical configurations. After defining the cell technology and size in terms of voltage and capacity, the objective of the battery pack design includes the definition of cell arrangement, sensing topology and position, fault diagnostic capability, cooling system, and electronic hardware. These design parameters may change with different battery pack architectures. On the premise of ensuring the availability and reliability of a battery system, minimizing the cost is also one of the important design missions. This paper analyzes the property of different battery pack architectures and studies the current distribution among the cells due to parameter variation, which determines the types, amount and unit cost of devices needed for the purpose of protection, monitoring and diagnostics. Finally, a comparative cost analysis of devices between different battery pack architectures as the size of the battery pack varies is presented.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132683515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Design and Analysis of Stator Cooling Channels for an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine 轴向磁通永磁电机定子冷却通道设计与分析
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490083
Samantha Jones-Jackson, R. Rodriguez, Ehab Sayed, C. Goldstein, Christopher Mak, A. Callegaro, Mikhail Goykhman, A. Emadi
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Stator Cooling Channels for an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine","authors":"Samantha Jones-Jackson, R. Rodriguez, Ehab Sayed, C. Goldstein, Christopher Mak, A. Callegaro, Mikhail Goykhman, A. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490083","url":null,"abstract":"Axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines are preferred for applications with space limitations due to their high power and torque densities. However, these higher densities lead to increased temperatures due to the higher output power, which results in more losses, in a smaller volume. Reducing the thermal resistance between the heat generating components and the cooling system improves the thermal performance of the machine. This work compares the effectiveness of different cooling designs that are integrated into the stator potting. The heat generated in the stator that needs to be rejected is produced from the copper, core, and bearing losses. The effect of various design parameters on the maximum winding temperature and the pressure drop, if applicable, are also investigated. It was found that the stator potting material has the largest impact on the coil temperature, with a reduction of 17°C seen by improving the thermal conductivity of the material.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129389837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Fault-Tolerant Control of Three-Phase Bidirectional Current-Fed Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter 三相双向电流馈电双有源桥式DC-DC变换器的容错控制
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490140
T. Le, Minh‐Khai Nguyen, Caisheng Wang, Sewan Choi
{"title":"Fault-Tolerant Control of Three-Phase Bidirectional Current-Fed Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter","authors":"T. Le, Minh‐Khai Nguyen, Caisheng Wang, Sewan Choi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490140","url":null,"abstract":"Fault-tolerant methods have been recognized for improving the reliability of multi-phase bidirectional DC-DC converters, including current-fed and voltage-fed dual active bridge converters. Fault-tolerant research for voltage-fed dual active bridge converters has caught much attention recently. However, few fault-tolerant methods for current-fed dual active bridge (CF-DAB) converter have been developed because it becomes more challenging due to the asymmetrical structure between primary and secondary sides. In this paper, a new fault-tolerant CF-DAB converter with blocking capacitors is proposed. The operation of the converter when an open-circuit fault occurs in different fault scenarios of the CF-DAB converter is comprehensively analyzed. A frozen phase fault-tolerant method with additional blocking capacitors on both sides of the transformer is proposed. The aim of the use of blocking capacitors is to block the DC current component of the filter inductor from passing through the transformer, which could otherwise result in the saturation of the transformer. Also, the DC blocking capacitors help isolate the faulty phase when the frozen-phase fault-tolerant method is applied.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124726273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Coordinated Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Within Zero Carbon Emission Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids 零碳排放交直流混合微电网中电动汽车的协调调度
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490115
Reza Bayani, A. Soofi, Saeed D. Manshadi
{"title":"Coordinated Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Within Zero Carbon Emission Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids","authors":"Reza Bayani, A. Soofi, Saeed D. Manshadi","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490115","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids with AC/DC architecture benefit from advantages of both AC and DC power. In this paper, daily operation problem for a zero-carbon AC/DC microgrid in presence of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered. In this framework, EVs' batteries are mobile energy storage systems, which allow desirable operation of the microgrid during peak demand hours. This study shows in absence of storage system, EVs' batteries can be properly managed to satisfy the system requirements. In the case studies, several sensitivity analyses based on variations in battery degradation costs, solar irradiance, and inverter capacity are investigated.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122311259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Position Sensor Harmonics Influence on Highly Integrated Field Oriented Controlled PMSM Drive Torque Output 位置传感器谐波对高集成度磁场定向控制PMSM驱动转矩输出的影响
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490171
S. Kuruppu
{"title":"Position Sensor Harmonics Influence on Highly Integrated Field Oriented Controlled PMSM Drive Torque Output","authors":"S. Kuruppu","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490171","url":null,"abstract":"Position sensor signal in field orientation based permanent magnet synchronous machine control is a crucial signal for optimal control (average torque and torque ripple). With the unprecedented level of integration of the machine, and drive, numerous factors influence the harmonic content of the position signal. This paper outlines a preliminary discussion on the influence of these harmonics and presents the position harmonic relationship to output torque ripple through analysis, simulation and experimental data. Further, the effect of control system parameters that influence the behavior of harmonic propagation is also discussed. Controller bandwidth, harmonic order and motor speed are among the major factors that influence the output torque ripple due to position harmonics.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122577750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Efficiency Map based Modelling of Electric Drive for Heavy Duty Electric Vehicles and Sensitivity Analysis 基于效率图的重型电动汽车电驱动建模及灵敏度分析
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490191
Nived Abhay, Jianning Dong, P. Bauer, Simon Nouws
{"title":"Efficiency Map based Modelling of Electric Drive for Heavy Duty Electric Vehicles and Sensitivity Analysis","authors":"Nived Abhay, Jianning Dong, P. Bauer, Simon Nouws","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490191","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method to model losses of the electric drive for electric vehicles from the limited information provided in the efficiency map. A Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm and simple loss model based method is used to extract the loss coefficients from the motor drive efficiency map. The copper loss, hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and windage loss of the motor and switching and conduction losses of the inverter are considered. The method is used to analyze how to increase the range of heavy duty electric trucks. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the key parameters contributing to the range. Influence of different powertrain architectures on the range are studied. The proposed method proves to be effective. Comapred to directly applying the efficiency map, the proposed method provides more insigts into the loss distribution in the inverters and motors, reveals the key factors influencing the powertrain loss and can be used to guide the optimisation of the powertrain architecture and motors for future designs.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124023476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SOC Estimation Error Analysis for Li Ion Batteries 锂离子电池荷电状态估计误差分析
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490137
Di Zhu, S. Chikkannanavar, Jonathan Tao
{"title":"SOC Estimation Error Analysis for Li Ion Batteries","authors":"Di Zhu, S. Chikkannanavar, Jonathan Tao","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490137","url":null,"abstract":"State of charge (SOC) estimation is one of the most critical functions in battery management systems. Identifying and quantifying the contribution made by each error source plays an important role in improving the accuracy of SOC estimation. This paper proposes a novel framework to analyze each error source and quantify their contributions. To demonstrate the framework, a case study was conducted to assess the error contributions from the current sensor, the Ah integration software and hardware, and the estimation of the reference Ah capacity in the Ah counting method. Three standard tests such as the capacity test, pulse test, and drive cycle test were performed on a commercial battery pack. The results indicate that the software and hardware that perform Ah integration contributed most of the inaccuracy. Also, the inaccuracy from the estimation of the reference Ah capacity contributed much more than from the current sensor.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114372785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effects Of Battery Pack Capacity On Fuel Economy Of Hybrid Electric Vehicles 电池组容量对混合动力汽车燃油经济性的影响
2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490040
Yiqun Liu, Y. G. Liao, Ming-Chia Lai
{"title":"Effects Of Battery Pack Capacity On Fuel Economy Of Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"Yiqun Liu, Y. G. Liao, Ming-Chia Lai","doi":"10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC51675.2021.9490040","url":null,"abstract":"As a promising trend, hybrid electric technology improves the vehicle fuel economy and lowers the vehicle emission significantly, without making drivers to worry about vehicle charging. The onboard battery pack stores the electric energy generated from the generator driven by regenerative braking and engine and provide the stored electric energy to the motor to drive the vehicle. The capacity of the onboard battery pack in a hybrid electric vehicle has large effects on the vehicle's fuel economy, weight, and cost. If the capacity is too small, only limited electric energy from the regenerative braking can be stored, which results in a worse fuel economy. If the capacity is too high, the engine needs to work harder to drive the generator to charge the battery pack, which also results in a worse fuel economy. Also, a battery pack with high capacity makes the vehicle heavier and more expensive. In this paper, the effects of battery pack capacity on the fuel economy of the hybrid electric vehicle are studied. A hybrid electric vehicle model based on the 2016 Ford Fusion Hybrid is built in GT-SUITE using experimental battery cell data including open-circuit voltage (OCV), 1C-rate charging and discharging voltage, and internal resistance. Five different battery pack capacities (1Ah, 3Ah, 5Ah, 7Ah, and 9Ah) are used in the vehicle model to study their effects on the engine fuel consumption rate and overall gas mileage in different standard driving cycles. Based on this research, battery pack capacity between 5Ah to 7Ah is suitable for a mid-sized hybrid electric sedan during most driving conditions.","PeriodicalId":339989,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114442634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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