Addiction and Health最新文献

{"title":"Dopamine D2 Receptor and Dopamine Transporter mRNA Expression in Addicted Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes.","authors":"Nasrin Hamedanian, Morteza Karimipoor, Meysam Amidfar, Sadegh Yoosefee","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1714","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to detect the effects of opioid addiction on the mRNA expression levels of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in peripheral blood leukocytes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four groups, each comprising 30 individuals, were included in the study: opioid-addicted, methadone-maintained (MM), long-term abstinent, and normal subjects. We measured the mRNA levels of DRD2 and DAT in peripheral blood leukocytes via real-time quantitative reverse transcription‒polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT‒PCR).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The results of the study showed that DAT mRNA expression was not statistically significant in the affected subjects compared to the control group. Regarding DRD2, mRNA expression was increased significantly in the MM subjects compared to the control group (<i>P</i>=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study could guide further research to refine the clinical applicability of biomarkers related to dopamine signaling proteins in opioid addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 ","pages":"1714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a 28-Year-Old Male Subsequent to Inappropriate Naloxone Administration.","authors":"Foroozan Faress, Zeynab Nasri Nasrabadi, Motahare Aghajani Delavar, Kurosh Jodaki, Sayed Mahdi Marashi","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1629","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tramadol, a centrally-acting analgesic, is widely used for the management of moderate to severe pain. It is preferred in clinical settings due to its superior effectiveness and safety profile compared to other opioids. However, recent research has indicated a potential risk of tramadol-induced seizures, especially when consumed in high dosages or in combination with other substances. We present a case of a 28-year-old male who was brought to the Emergency Department approximately 30 minutes after administering 0.4 mg of naloxone intravenously by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel. The administration was necessitated by a decline in the patient's level of consciousness, the onset of lip cyanosis, and suspected tramadol poisoning. The patient was intubated on-site before being transported to the Emergency Department. Upon arrival, despite receiving 40% FiO2, his O2 saturation was at 88%. Bibasilar crackles were detected during chest auscultation. A CT scan of his chest revealed the presence of bilateral alveolar infiltrates, primarily in the lower lobes. As a result, the patient was diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome and was transferred to the intensive care unit for further care.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 ","pages":"1629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Invasive Approaches for Cotinine Detection: Enhancing Accessibility in Tobacco Use Monitoring.","authors":"Neha Rani, Milind Wasnik","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1736","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive approaches for cotinine detection have emerged as vital tools for enhancing access to tobacco use monitoring, addressing the pressing need for reliable, user-friendly methods in public health and clinical settings. This literature review explored various non-invasive testing methods, including saliva, urine, sweat patches, hair analysis, and breath analysis, highlighting their respective detection windows, accuracy, and feasibility. The review emphasizes the role of these methods in public health monitoring, particularly in identifying high-risk populations and facilitating smoking cessation programs. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of non-invasive testing for research on tobacco exposure and secondhand smoke, underscoring the importance of accurate data collection in shaping effective tobacco control policies. Despite the advantages, challenges such as sensitivity, specificity, and environmental factors affecting test results are critically examined. The review identifies areas for future research, including technological innovations and the potential for expanded use in low-resource settings. Ultimately, this review advocates integrating non-invasive cotinine detection methods into routine practice to improve health outcomes and promote informed decision-making about tobacco use.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 ","pages":"1736"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Mood Symptoms and Substance Cravings in Men with Bipolar Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Mohammad Akhoondi, Maryam Maddineshat, Erfan Ayubi, Efat Sadeghian","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1646","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many patients with bipolar disorder also experience substance use disorder, along with frequent mood swings and substance cravings. It appears that traditional medication treatments may not be sufficient for these individuals. This study sought to examine how cognitive-behavioral group therapy could impact mood symptoms and substance cravings in male patients dealing with both bipolar disorder and substance abuse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in the psychiatric departments of Sina Educational and Medical Center in Hamadan in 2023. Forty individuals were allocated to two distinct groups. The intervention group participated in eight sessions of group cognitive-behavioral therapy. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Hirschfeld Mood Disorder questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Craving Beliefs Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Prior to the intervention, there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups (<i>P</i>>0.05). Following the intervention, both groups experienced a decrease in mood symptoms and craving, with the intervention group showing a significantly greater reduction (<i>P</i><0.001). However, one and three months after discharge, the patients in both groups experienced a gradual recurrence of mood symptoms and cravings. Despite this, patients in the intervention group consistently showed better outcomes than the control group at each time point (<i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The intervention group successfully managed mood symptoms and substance cravings in bipolar patients with a history of substance dependence. This non-pharmacological method is recommended for initial use as part of a comprehensive treatment course, followed by incorporation as an intermittent maintenance strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 ","pages":"1646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking Cessation Apps and Technology Acceptance Factors: Focusing on the Sense2Quit Application.","authors":"Samaneh Ghanbarzadeh, Elham Maserat","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1701","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cigarette smoking remains a leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, with significant health and economic consequences. Mobile health (mHealth) applications such as Sense2Quit, which integrate advanced technologies (e.g., smart watch-based detection of smoking gestures) and leverage technology acceptance theories (TAM, TPB, UTAUT), have emerged as innovative tools for smoking cessation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a Meta-synthesis of 38 studies retrieved from reputable databases to evaluate factors influencing app acceptance at individual organizational and supra-organizational levels. The research adopted an interpretive-critical meta-synthesis approach, following the methodological framework established by Sandelowski and Barroso. Thematic coding was simultaneously applied to extract emerging concepts from qualitative data. The data extraction and coding were performed manually through dual researcher consensus to ensure rigorous interpretation of qualitative content, particularly given the limited number of eligible studies.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Findings revealed that Sense2Quit excels in high-accuracy detection of smoking gestures, personalized interventions (e.g., progress tracking, Cognitive-behavioral exercises, and social support), and user-centered design, particularly among high-risk populations such as people living with HIV (PWH). Key acceptance factors included perceived usefulness, ease of use, intrinsic motivation (aligned with SDT), and technological infrastructure compatibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>However, challenges such as limited digital literacy among older adults and chronic patients and socio-economic barriers in developing countries were identified. Proposed solutions include localized user interfaces, collaboration with local institutions, and policy reforms. Ultimately, Sense2Quit exemplifies how blending technical innovation with community-specific interventions can enhance smoking cessation efforts, while underscoring the need to address contextual challenges and strengthen digital infrastructure for broader public health impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 ","pages":"1701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Criticism of the \"Comprehensive Law on National Tobacco Control and Combat\" in Protecting the Right to Health of Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Zahra Ameri","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ahj.1780","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 ","pages":"1780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Short-Term Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy, Pharmaceutical Therapy, and Combined Treatment on the Mental Health of Drug Users at Harm Reduction Centers in Ahvaz.","authors":"Reza Davasaz Irani, Tayebeh Sharifi","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1544","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Addiction is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. Epidemiological studies indicate that drug users often exhibit symptoms such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, nosophobia, and social dysfunction. In this study, the mental health of drug users in Ahvaz harm reduction facilities was evaluated through the effects of short-term cognitive-behavioral group therapy, medication therapy, and their combination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The study population comprised male drug users aged 18-57 years undergoing treatment at harm reduction centers in Ahvaz in 2023. One center was selected from the two addiction reduction centers in Ahvaz, and 60 participants were purposively sampled and evenly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) developed by Goldberg (1979). Statistical analyses were performed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 24.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The findings revealed a significant reduction in mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, somatization, and social dysfunction, in the experimental groups following the interventions. However, no significant changes were observed in the control group. The effect size (η²=0.171, <i>P</i>=0.002) indicated a significant interaction between treatment type and mental health improvement, demonstrating the effectiveness of pharmaceutical, non-pharmaceutical, and combined treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with pharmaceutical therapy was found to be effective in improving mental health and its components. Based on these findings, integrating this treatment approach into harm reduction centers is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 ","pages":"1544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Use in a Tribal Rural Population of India: Prevalence, Social Determinants, and Impact of a Community-Based Health System-Integrated Intervention.","authors":"Nisheet Patel, Lakhan Kataria, Naitik Patel, Parthvi Mehta, Vivek Yadav","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1705","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol consumption is an overlooked public health concern in tribal populations of India. Culturally and systemically rooted factors contribute to neglect in engagement and treatment, even with prohibition policies in place. Therefore, this study analyzed the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with alcohol consumption in a tribal rural district of India and evaluated the effects of a health system-integrated, community-based intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning abstinence.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 269 community members and 81 healthcare workers participated in this quasi-experimental study. The KAP survey and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were used, and sociodemographic details were noted. Tailored to local cultural settings, a 3-month community mobilization and provider training intervention was carried out. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, Cox regression, and structural equation modeling, were performed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The prevalence of alcohol use was 111 (41.3%). The significant predictors were identified as male sex, education level, and family history (adjusted odds ratios=2.73, 1.96, and 2.83, respectively). Following the intervention, community participant KAP scores (4.60 to 8.53, <i>P</i><0.001) and healthcare worker KAP scores (15.0 to 22.3, <i>P</i><0.001) improved significantly. Of the 111 alcohol users, 81(73%) started treatment. Abstinence rates were 63(77.8%) at 1 month and 39 (48.1%) at 3 months. Those aged over 40 years who had low income and those with unstable employment faced the highest relapse risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using community-specific approaches within broad systemic frameworks improves intervention outcomes for alcohol use among tribal populations. To maintain long-term effectiveness, concurrent support from socioeconomic systems is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 ","pages":"1705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone Addiction Among Zimbabwean Undergraduate Students: A Prevalence and Cross-Cultural Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV).","authors":"Sidney Muchemwa, Pamela Isabel Ayanda Moyo, Blessing Paradza, Omega Chipunza, Anotida Roselyn Hove, Beatrice Kudzaishe Shava, Dixon Chibanda, Jermaine Matewu Dambi","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1677","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smartphones are an invaluable daily tool, with 57% of the global population (4.6 billion people) having mobile access to the internet. However, excessive/problematic use of smartphones is highly prevalent globally. The use of smartphones, particularly among university students, offers many unique opportunities for learning, entrepreneurship, and social interaction. Despite these benefits, \"excessive\" or \"compulsive\" use of smartphones has emerged as a growing concern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). We also assessed the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its factors among Zimbabwean university students (N=380). Data were analysed through factor analyses and binary logistic regression using SPSS and STATA at a 0.05 significance level.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Participants' mean age was 21.90 (±1.90) years, and most participants were female (56.3%). The SAS-SV yielded a two-factor solution, with high reliability (α=0.84) and sufficient construct validity. The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 54.2%. Using social media [OR=2.7; 95% CI=(1.2-5.9)], using a smartphone for entertainment [OR=2.2; 95%CI=(1.2-4.0)], experiencing coronavirus-induced anxiety [OR=2.70; 95% CI=(1.2-5.9)], and encountering an adverse event [OR=1.8; 95% CI=(1.02 - 3.23)] were associated with an increased risk of smartphone addiction. Conversely, using smartphones for academic work was protective against smartphone addiction [OR=0.38; 95% CI=(0.19-0.77)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study shows the SAS-SV is a brief and psychometrically robust outcome measure for routine clinical and research usage. Also, there is a high burden of smartphone addiction among university students from low-income countries and the need for bespoke interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 ","pages":"1677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychoactive Substances: Analytical Strategies for the Identification of Designer Drugs in Forensic and Clinical Contexts.","authors":"Danta Sreesahithi, Nalanda Revu, Kushita Neduri","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1707","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Designer drugs, or novel psychoactive substances (NPS), are synthetic analogues of controlled drugs engineered to mimic their pharmacological effects while evading legal regulation. Their rapid emergence and global distribution pose major challenges to public health, law enforcement, and analytical laboratories due to their unpredictable effects and complex chemical variability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review compiled and analyzed recent literature on the classification, pharmacology, abuse patterns, and analytical detection of designer drugs. Key instrumental techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were evaluated alongside novel sensor-based technologies. Relevant case studies were examined to highlight clinical and forensic implications.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The major classes of designer drugs include synthetic cathinones, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, phenidate derivatives, and dissociatives. Traditional analytical methods provide high sensitivity and selectivity but face challenges like matrix effects, derivatization needs, and limited on-site applicability. Emerging sensor technologies, including molecularly imprinted polymers and aptamer-based biosensors, offer rapid and portable alternatives for field testing. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS remain the gold standards for confirmatory testing, while innovative nano-enabled sensors show promise for real-time detection and point-of-care diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Continuous evolution of designer drugs necessitates adaptable analytical strategies. Integration of advanced sensor platforms with established chromatographic methods and strengthened inter-laboratory validation can enhance global surveillance and improve public health responses to NPS abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"18 ","pages":"1707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}