Addiction and Health最新文献

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Resilience-Based Intervention on Post-traumatic Growth, Resilience, Coping Skills, and Perceived Stress in Women with Addicted Spouses.","authors":"Akram Ahmadzadeh, Mohammad Saeed Khanjani, Manoochehr Azkhosh, Seyyed Jalal Younesi, Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1510","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance abuse, as a major global issue, not only affects individuals but also impacts family members, particularly women. Meanwhile, post-traumatic growth and resilience are important factors in the recovery process for these women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a resilience-based intervention in facilitating post-traumatic growth among women with addicted spouses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized clinical trial was conducted involving women with addicted partners (<i>n</i>=30) in Qom during the years 2021 and 2022. Participants were randomly allocated to the two groups of intervention and control. A demographic information form, post-traumatic growth questionnaire, resilience scale, perceived stress scale, and the Connor-Davidson coping skills questionnaire, were used to collect data at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up (three months later). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 22.0), with a significance level of <i>P</i><0.05.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The findings demonstrated a significant increase in scores of resilience (<i>η</i> ²=0.015), post-traumatic growth (<i>η</i> ²=0.185), emotion-focused coping skills (<i>η</i> ²=0.253), and problem-focused coping skills (<i>η</i> ²=0.131) in the intervention group between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages (<i>P</i><0.001). However, the intervention did not influence perceived stress (<i>η</i> ²=0.017) (<i>P</i>=0.473). No significant changes were observed in these variables in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings showed that the resilience intervention resulted in enhanced post-traumatic growth, coping abilities, and resilience in women with addicted spouses. Implementing this intervention in mental health centers and addiction recovery programs not only enhances the mental well-being of these women but also contributes to the psychological well-being of their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomedical Research: Formulating a Well-Built and Worth-Answering Research Question.","authors":"Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Khosrow Kashfi, Asghar Ghasemi","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1564","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research begins with a problem that must be translated into an answerable research question. The research question is a structured interrogative statement based on an unsolved problem, which the researcher tries to answer through the study. The art of articulating a good research question is a crucial part of the research process as it sets the stage for the rest. A critical challenge in biomedical research lies in the frequent shortcomings of research question formulation and presentation. This paper aims to provide a practical guide to assist researchers in formulating answerable and worth-answering research questions in biomedical research. The PICOT/PECOT strategy (addresses population, intervention/exposure, comparator, outcome, and time) is essential to develop an excellent relational quantitative research question. The formulated research question should pass the FINER (feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, and relevant) criteria, determining the worth-answering aspect of the research question. Research questions are presented as questions, hypotheses, and propositions.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Dual Amino Acids for Dry Powder Inhalation Therapy in Pulmonary Drug Delivery: An In-Vivo Study.","authors":"Mani Abinaya, Sellappan Mohan, Arumugam Nagarajan","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1538","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking cigarettes leads to serious health problems, and addiction is a major concern. De-addiction therapy includes e-cigarettes and counseling, and the success rate is poor in these approaches, warranting alternate therapeutic interventions. The present study evaluates dry powder inhalation using amino acids as a new method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel formulation was prepared using nanospray drying and ball milling techniques. SEM analysis was conducted to ascertain particle size, and pharmacokinetic assessment was done to evaluate how rapidly the drug is released from the formulation. The optimized ratio of ingredients revealed the best formula, L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, and lactose in the ratio of 5 mg:1 mg: 4 mg, which led to the dry powder preparation. SEM analysis revealed that the dry powder comprising L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine had undergone micronization to 2-4 µm.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>An innovative treatment, such as an inhalation powder therapy comprising amino acids, can help reduce mood changes. Depletion of tryptophan to kynurenine controls mood changes, and maintaining a steady tryptophan concentration is expected to help overcome mood changes that trigger smoking recurrence. The microparticles produced by spray-drying were confirmed to include loose agglomerates, which are amenable to inhalation and free dispersion. In-vivo studies revealed that drug action is quick with drug delivery and retention at the site of action.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The synergistic effect of the novel formulation's sustained concentration of tryptophan and tyrosine and inhibition of AChE could diminish the recurrence of smoking. Dry powder inhalation of the formulated drug offers a new and strong method of drug delivery to the alveolus, making it a convenient route of administration that could be superior to other modes of administration in smoking cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Inhibitory Effect of Naringin on the Development of Morphine Physical Dependency in Male Rats.","authors":"Atena Alifarsangi, Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani, Ehsan Salarkia, Elham Alizadeh, Mehdi Abbasnejad","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1543","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Morphine dependence is a significant concern because of its potential for inducing addiction and adverse withdrawal symptoms. Naringin, a flavonoid compound found in citrus fruits, has shown promise in various pharmacological activities, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its potential role in inhibiting or reducing morphine dependence has not been extensively investigated yet. This study aimed to determine whether naringin can inhibit or reduce physical morphine dependence in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Morphine dependence was induced in rats through chronic injection of the drug for 7 days. Also, different doses of naringin (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) were administered 15 minutes prior to morphine injection in three experimental groups. The effect of naringin pretreatment on drug withdrawal-associated symptoms, including body weight, jumping, abdominal contraction, grooming, ptosis, diarrhea, and teeth chattering, was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The animals experiencing morphine dependence exhibited significant body weight loss. However, administration of naringin before morphine injection prevented this loss by 50%. Also, drug withdrawal symptoms such as jumping, abdominal contraction, grooming, diarrhea, and teeth chattering were significantly increased in the rats. Interestingly, the prescription of naringin significantly reduced these symptoms. Ptosis was observed in all rats receiving morphine, while naringin did not significantly affect this symptom. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of naringin on morphine physical dependence was found to be dose-dependent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Naringin pretreatment demonstrated potential in inhibiting or reducing physical morphine dependence in rats. These findings suggest that naringin may have therapeutic potential in managing morphine dependence and associated withdrawal symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Five Personality Traits and Happiness: The Mediating Role of Problematic Instagram Use.","authors":"Sayed Ali Sharifi Fard, Mark D Griffiths, Safdar Nabizadeh, Maryam Taheri, Maryam Refaei","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1523","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Personality plays a key role in many psychosocial variables. Happiness as a source of motivation can also play a major role in a society's individual and collective development. In this regard, the Instagram platform, as a popular platform among the Iranian population, has attracted a high level of engagement (and can make individuals happy), but it has been associated with the risk of behavioral addiction for a small minority. Therefore, the present study evaluated the relationship between personality traits and happiness with the mediating role of problematic Instagram use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study comprised an online survey among married individuals living in Tehran (<i>N</i>=418). The survey included the 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), the 15-item Instagram Addiction Scale (IAS-15), and the six-item Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS-6).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The results indicated that extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience had a significant negative relationship, and neuroticism had a significant positive relationship with problematic Instagram use. Moreover, conscientiousness and openness to experience had a significant positive relationship and neuroticism had a significant negative relationship with happiness. Problematic Instagram use also has a significant negative relationship with happiness. The results also showed that neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness were significantly associated with happiness and that problematic Instagram use mediated the relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Personality traits may facilitate or prevent problematic Instagram use. Moreover, addiction to social networks such as Instagram can affect the happiness of users and may lead to further psychosocial problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Polymorphism, Craving, and Stress Among Alcohol-Dependent Patients: A Preliminary Cross-sectional Study from India.","authors":"Shubha Bagri, Rizwana Quraishi, Ram Kumar, Shalini Singh, Atul Ambekar","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1593","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal plasticity and survival. The <i>BDNF</i> gene <i>Val66Met</i> polymorphism is hypothesized to be linked with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS). We studied the relationship between the <i>BDNF Val66Met</i> polymorphism and the clinical features of ADS, including severity, craving, and perceived stress among alcohol-dependent patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study on treatment-seeking north Indian male ADS patients aged 18 to 60 years, alcohol dependence severity (Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, SADQ), craving (obsessive compulsive drinking scale), and perceived stress (perceived stress scale-4) were measured. The genetic analysis for calculating the <i>BDNF Val66Met</i> allele frequency was carried out using TaqMan assays. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 26.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The participants' mean age (SD) (<i>n</i>=80) was 37±8.52 years. Half of the participants had tobacco dependence, too. Almost half of the participants showed alcohol dependence with mild severity. The mean OCDS and PSS-4 scores were 26.08±9.34 and 9.08±2.4, respectively. The allelic frequency of the Val and Met alleles were 73.1% and 26.9%, respectively. Among the Met allele carriers, the OCDS (<i>P</i>=0.02) and PSS-4 scores (<i>P</i>=0.03) were significantly higher than observed in the Val group patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concludes that <i>BDNF</i> gene <i>Val66Met</i> polymorphism could impact clinical variables such as craving and perceived stress in alcohol-dependent subjects. It merits the use of genetic analysis in determining the course of clinical maintenance of alcohol-dependent patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomedical Research: The Research Problem Matters.","authors":"Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Asghar Ghasemi","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1542","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research, a systematic inquiry, is the bridge that connects existing knowledge to the research question in an objective and testable manner, ultimately solving problems. Just as the foundation is crucial to a building's construction, the research problem is the initial and the most vital step in scientific research. Therefore, problem identification is a task of utmost importance and challenge for researchers prior to the design and execution of research. In this paper, we delve into the concept of the research problem, a term distinct from the research topic and question, its potential sources, and the common approaches for its identification. A difficulty or deficiency that needs to be overcome, a desirable condition that needs improvement, a gap in existing knowledge or a conflicting issue, a theory that requires meaningful understanding, a neglected area of knowledge, and an idea that requires validation or confirmation or application are all examples of the research problem. Known problems, existing literature, or serendipitous ideas may serve as potential sources of a research problem. Research problems are often constructed from the literature by structuring intertextual coherence or problematization strategies. Overall, the most common way of defining research problems is gap-spotting.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of CREB1 (rs2253206) and BDNF (rs6265) Polymorphisms with Implementation Intentions Treatment Response in Smoking Reduction.","authors":"Neda Yadegari, Mehdi Tehrani-Doost, Ali Yoonessi, Sareh Asadi, Reza Majdzadeh","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1502","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have shown that implementation intentions are moderately effective in reducing smoking among smokers, but the factors determining its effectiveness are unclear. CREB1 (rs2253206) and BDNF (rs6265) polymorphisms have been proposed as the genes involved in addictive behaviors; therefore, we investigated their association with smokers' responses to implementation intentions psychotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This clinical trial was conducted on smoking male students at Tehran University and Shahid Beheshti University. The research sample was 78 smoking students who smoked at least seven cigarettes weekly. All of the participants received an implementation intentions intervention session. Their smoking rates were measured before and after the intervention, and all of them were genotyped for CREB1 (rs2253206) and BDNF (rs6265) using PCR-RFLP. The prospective-retrospective memory questionnaire (PRMQ) was used to evaluate the prospective memory (PM). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and simple linear regression were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 26 at a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The results showed that implementation intentions affect smoking reduction (<i>t</i>=4.44, <i>P</i>=0.001). Data analysis showed no relationship between these two SNPs and treatment response. Also, no association was observed between these SNPs and PM. However, regression analysis showed that PM could predict the response to treatment (R²=0.10, F=12.15, <i>P</i>=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementation intentions can be suitable for reducing smoking. Studying the effect of genetic factors on psychotherapy in larger samples could be an effective way to individualize psychological treatments in reducing smoking, including implementation intentions.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Digital Intervention for Tobacco Cessation Among Adults: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Milind Wasnik, Bhavna Dave, Virendra Vadher","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1566","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of tobacco continues to pose a major public health issue worldwide, requiring effective cessation programs. Digital interventions present advantageous opportunities owing to their accessibility and scalability. This systematic review seeks to consolidate current research on the efficacy of digital interventions for tobacco cessation in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a search utilizing pertinent keywords and databases. The search approach encompassed terms including \"digital interventions,\" \"smoking cessation,\" \"adults,\" and their permutations. Our primary focus was on academic databases including PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane, and specialized journals pertaining to public health and smoking cessation. Search terms were limited to the English language exclusively. Databases from 2013 to 2023 were covered. Two writers independently collected data on cessation results and evaluated the likelihood of bias. A random effects meta-analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Following the search, 305 articles were identified. After omitting 151 duplicates, 198 unique papers were analyzed. Of the 47 publications that underwent full-text examination, 8 were finally incorporated into this analysis. Subgroup analysis examined differences in intervention efficacy according to length, intervention type, and participant attributes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Digital treatments demonstrate the potential to facilitate smoke cessation in adults. Nonetheless, disparities in intervention design and participant attributes affect their efficacy. Additional studies are necessary to clarify effective intervention tactics and fill literature gaps, especially for long-term results and the scalability of digital therapies across varied populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Opioid Use on Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Zahra Cheraghi, Nazanin Azmi-Naei, Mohadase Ameri, Bita Azmi-Naei","doi":"10.34172/ahj.1533","DOIUrl":"10.34172/ahj.1533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is limited research available on the direct effect of opioid use on esophageal cancer. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to consolidate the results of previous studies and provide an estimate of the pooled relative risk or odds ratio associated with opioid use in relation to the occurrence of esophageal cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PRISMA guidelines were utilized to establish a framework for conducting this systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was conducted in international and national databases. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and national electronic databases were searched up to February, 2024. The random-effects model was used to report the results at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Stata 11 was used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Out of the 648 retrieved articles, 11 studies remained in the final analysis (one cohort study and ten case-control studies). In all subgroups analyzed based on the type of odds ratios, no significant heterogeneity was observed. The pooled adjusted odds ratio of opium on esophageal cancer was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.24-2.61), and the pooled crude odds ratio of opium on esophageal was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.55-2.14).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between opium use and esophageal cancer, and opium can be a serious risk factor for esophageal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":33943,"journal":{"name":"Addiction and Health","volume":"17 ","pages":"1533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}