Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components最新文献

{"title":"Fitness for Service Assessment of Carbon Steel Vessel With Localized Deformation During PWHT","authors":"Utkarsh Shah, P. Prasad","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93457","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) is applied to welded pressure vessels and piping to relieve residual stress built up during welding. During the PWHT, pressure vessel made of carbon steel is heated up to a minimum temperature of 595 °C for a holding period as required based on the thickness (Refer ASME Section VIII, Division 1, UCS 56) [1]. However, for equipment susceptible to carbonate stress corrosion cracking, PWHT is required irrespective of thickness at a temperature range of 649 °C to 663 °C as per WRC 452 [2].\u0000 A process column built in 1983 and operating in carbonate stress corrosion cracking environment was observed to have widespread corrosion under insulation at reboiler supports. Material of construction for the column was SM41B (Japanese Industry Standards Carbon Steel). Four Insert plates of various sizes were welded at same circumferential band during turnaround. The insert plate repair sizes were relatively large. Local PWHT was required to be performed with the equipment in vertical condition. Due to risk of uneven temperature distribution and resultant local thermal stresses, spot PWHT or Bulls-eye method of PWHT was not considered. Full circumferential local PWHT was considered for this equipment. During the actual PWHT process, localized overheating occurred, and some areas of deformation were observed in the equipment.\u0000 A multi discipline review was performed to understand the root cause of the localized overheating and subsequent deformation. This paper describes the methodology and results of the fitness-for-service (FFS) assessments that were performed based on API 579-1/ ASME FFS-1, 2016 [3] to assess the integrity of the column. Based on the assessment performed, the equipment was found to be fit for service and continued safe operations.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122709774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Products Pipeline Accident Infiltration Process in Surface Soil Condition","authors":"Xiao Wang, Yongtu Liang, Shengli Liu, Mengyu Wu","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The most common way of transportation for refined oil is long-distance pipeline. Pipeline accidents occur frequently due to corrosion, equipment failure, external forces destruction. Aiming at predicting the contaminated area in soil caused by products pipeline accidents, this experimental study was conducted to examine the relationship between the light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) accumulative infiltrate volume and the time of infiltration process in homogeneous and layered soils. The soil’s hydraulic parameters were obtained by basic experiments and RETC software. Compared with traditional infiltration mathematical model, Green-Ampt model is the most common mathematical model to calculate the infiltration process in the unsaturated soil. In this study, a modified Green-Ampt model was developed to describe water and diesel infiltration through a 100-cm-long and layered soil column. In the modified Green-Ampt model, an infiltration reduction ratio was introduced to describe the effect of the hydraulic conductivity of the layered position. To evaluate the proposed method in the effect of the layers position infiltration permeability, eight constant water head layered column infiltration experiment were conducted to record the different infiltration fluid and different constant water head infiltration process. Compared the experiment results with traditional mathematical traditional Green-Ampt model (average R2 = 0.976) and Hydrus-1D software (average R2 = 0.988) The modified Green-Ampt model had relatively higher precision in accumulative infiltrate volume (average R2 = 0.992) and the wetting front velocity in infiltration process (average R2 = 0.997). Thus, the modified mathematical model was applied an effective upscaling scheme in layered formations. The experimental result also demonstrated that soil layering affected the infiltration process. With the increase of soil depth and density, the infiltration speed of the layered soil column decreased. Additionally, the infiltrate speed of wetting front decreases slowly at the layered surface. The experiment’s fitting results showed that the modified mathematical model about infiltrate time and liquid contaminant accumulative infiltrate volume, wetting front infiltrate velocity can highly effective approach to simulate water and light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) infiltration process in layered soils.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127824468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Shock and Vibration on Used Nuclear Fuel During Normal Conditions of Transportation","authors":"N. Klymyshyn, P. Ivanusa, Kevin Kadooka, Casey Spitz","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93619","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2017, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) collaborated with Spanish and Korean organizations to perform a multimodal transportation test to measure shock and vibration loads imparted to used nuclear fuel (UNF) assemblies. This test used real fuel assembly components containing surrogate fuel mass to approximate the response characteristics of real, irradiated used nuclear fuel. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory was part of the test team and used the data collected during this test to validate numerical models needed to predict the response of real used nuclear fuel in other transportation configurations. This paper summarizes the modeling work and identifies lessons learned related to the modeling and analysis methodology. The modeling includes railcar dynamics using the NUCARS software code and explicit dynamic finite element modeling of used nuclear fuel cladding in LS-DYNA. The NUCARS models were validated against railcar dynamics data collected during captive track testing at the Federal Railroad Administration’s Transportation Technology Center in Pueblo, CO. The LS-DYNA models of the fuel cladding were validated against strain gage data collected throughout the test campaign. One of the key results of this work was an assessment of fuel cladding fatigue, and the methods used to calculate fatigue are detailed in this paper. The validated models and analysis methodologies described in this paper will be applied to evaluate future UNF transportation systems.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125234328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Analysis of the 9977 Package Used for Nuclear Material Storage","authors":"D. Tamburello, M. Kesterson, S. Hensel","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The 9977 is a US Department of Energy (DOE) shipping package used to transport plutonium bearing materials. The package utilizes a single 6 inch diameter containment vessel and a foam overpack to protect against fire and impact events. A storage facility fire, hotter and longer than the regulatory transportation fire, is evaluated to ensure radioactive material containment is maintained. A sensitivity analysis of foam degradation is also considered to conservatively simulate potential aging effects of the foam during storage. A minimum foam thickness needed to maintain containment during the hypothetical facility fire is determine.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128223733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Key Factors of Fire Risk of Oil Depot Based on Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm","authors":"Shuyi Xie, Shaohua Dong, Guangyu Zhang","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the rapid development of the national economy, the demand for oil is increasing. In order to meet the increasing energy demand, China has established a number of oil depot in recent years, whose largest capacity reaching up to tens of millions of cubic meters. Due to the flammable and explosive nature of the stored medium, the risk of fire in the oil depot area has increased dramatically as the tank capacity of the storage tank area has increased. The intensification of the oil depot and the development of large-scale oil storage tanks have brought convenience to the national oil depot, but also brought many catastrophic consequences. In recent years, there have been many fires and explosions in the oil depot, causing major casualties and property losses, which seriously endangered the ecological environment and public safety.\u0000 Based on the constructed oil depot fire risk index system, the fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM) and fuzzy maximum support tree clustering algorithm is introduced. Through the two fuzzy clustering mathematical models, key factors in the established index system are identified. Firstly, the expert scoring method is used to evaluate the indicators in the oil depot fire risk index system, and the importance degree evaluation matrix of oil depot fire risk factors is constructed through the fuzzy analysis of expert comments. Then, the fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM) and the fuzzy clustering tree algorithm are used to cluster the various risk indicators, and the key factors of the oil depot fire risk are identified. Through the comparative analysis and cross-validation of the results of the two fuzzy clustering methods, the accuracy of the recognition results is ensured. Finally, using an oil depot as a case study, it is found that passive fire prevention capability and emergency rescue capability are key factors that need to be paid attention to in the oil depot fire risk index.\u0000 The fuzzy clustering algorithm used in this paper can digitize the subjective comments of experts, thus reducing the influence of human subjective factors. In addition, by using two fuzzy clustering algorithms to analyze and verify the key factors of the oil depot fire risk, the reliability of the clustering results is guaranteed. The identification of key factors can enable managers to predict high-risk factors in advance in the fire risk prevention and control process of the oil depot, so as to adopt corresponding preventive measures to minimize the fire risk in the oil depot, and ensure the safety of the operation of the oil depot.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134064004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Engineered Materials to Reduce Both Strainer Head Loss and Fiber Bypass for Emergency Core Cooling Systems","authors":"A. Bilanin, A. Kaufman, W. Bilanin","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93681","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Testing has shown that the use of engineered materials that can be combined with Loss of Cooling Accident generated debris has the ability to reduce debris head loss for boiling water and pressurized water reactors on Emergency Core Cooling System strainers. This engineered material has also been shown to reduce the amount of fiber that penetrates a strainer and continues downstream toward the fuel. Large scale testing is described that demonstrates that engineered materials can reach the strainers and reduce head loss. Small scale testing is described that demonstrates that engineered material can reduce the amount of fiber that can penetrate a strainer.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133891221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal for Improving Insulation Installation Practice for Superheated Steam Line","authors":"Shinichiro Kanamaru, Shaoxiang Qian, Yoshinori Yamada","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93503","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Insulation is widely used in process plants to reduce heat loss of process fluids in piping and pressure vessels. However, insulation is often not installed around Normally No Flow (NNF) line pipe. In a refinery plant, a steam leak incident happened due to a through-wall crack, which was found around the connection between an insulated superheated steam line with insulation and an uninsulated safety valve line. The through-wall crack was identified to be a fatigue crack initiated at the inner surface by fractography. An unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed to identify mechanism of the through-wall crack initiation. Based on the observation of fractography and the CFD analysis, it is inferred that the through-wall crack was induced by a high cycle thermal fatigue phenomenon, so-called thermal striping, due to incomplete mixing of hot and cold fluids. Many thermal striping incidents in nuclear plants and process plants have been reported. In view of the above fact, it is suggested that conventional insulation installation practice for NNF line pipe, in particular superheated steam line, may cause cracks due to thermal striping around the connection between main superheated steam pipe and branch dead-end leg. In this paper, a convenient guideline for insulation installation is proposed for a dead-end leg of superheated steam line to prevent cracks caused by thermal striping. The guideline can be used to judge the necessity of insulation installation, based on degree of superheat of steam.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115519345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-Factor Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Pipeline Integrity","authors":"J. Yang, Xiaolin Wang","doi":"10.1115/pvp2019-93257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93257","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pipeline integrity management is widely used as an effective means for pipeline safety management, in which integrity evaluation is an important part. To some extent, pipeline integrity can be interpreted as the safety condition of the pipeline, while safety is an eternal topic for pipeline operators. In numerous recent studies, the evaluation of pipeline integrity generally focuses on the evaluation of remaining strength and/or residual life, which is based on the defect size such as corrosion, dents, etc., obtained during inspection. However, pipeline integrity is not only related to the pipe body, all factors that may threaten the operation safety of the pipe should be considered, including the pipe body, ancillary facilities, the pipe security system, and the surrounding environment, etc.. Although some comprehensive models have been established recently to assess pipeline condition, there still exist limitations for practical application, such as quantification of integrity and complexity of analysis. Therefore this paper presents the development of a comprehensive integrity evaluation method based on multi-factor analysis. The method is developed by an integrated application of fuzzy mathematics, grey correlation analysis theory, and the artificial neural network technique. After establishing integrity evaluating indexes, fuzzy analysis is used to quantify and classify pipeline integrity, and grey correlation analysis to screen key influence indicators. Then a comprehensive predictive evaluation model can be generated using large amount of relevant sample data based on the artificial neural network technique. In the end of the paper, a simple case is applied to validate feasibility of this comprehensive integrity evaluation method. The comprehensive evaluation method is expected to be applied to determine the condition of pipeline integrity, and to grade and rank the integrity condition of pipes, so as to assist and optimize pipeline maintenance decision for pipeline operators.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115791193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercritical CO2 Heat Exchanger Fouling and its Impact on RCBC Efficiency","authors":"D. Fleming, K. Norman, S. Rodríguez, J. Pasch, M. Carlson, G. Rochau","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-84091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-84091","url":null,"abstract":"As supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is emerging as a potential working fluid in power production Brayton cycles, fluid purity within the power cycle loops has become an issue impacting commercialization. Sandia National Laboratories has been evaluating the longevity of sCO2 recompression closed Brayton power cycles to quantify the advantages of sCO2 over other fluids as utilizing sCO2 yields comparatively greater efficiencies. Hydrocarbon plugging has been observed in the small printed circuit heat exchanger channels of our high temperature recuperator, increasing pressure drop across the heat exchanger. As pressure drop is a critical factor in the overall efficiency of sCO2 recompression closed Brayton cycles, in this paper we report on our investigation into heat exchanger efficiency reduction from hydrocarbon plugging induced pressure drop.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129187844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nozzle Geometry on the Near-Field Flow Characteristics of High-Pressure Gas Leak Jets","authors":"Xiaopeng Li, Fakun Zhuang, R. Zhou, Yian Wang, Libo Wang, Guoshan Xie","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-84362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-84362","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional large eddy simulations of high-pressure jets at the same nozzle pressure ratio of 5.60 but issuing from different nozzles are conducted. Four different nozzle geometries, i.e., the circular, elliptic, square, and rectangular nozzles, are used to investigate the effect of the nozzle geometry on the near-field jet flow behavior. A high-resolution, hexahedral, and block-structured grid containing about 31.8 million computational cells is applied. The compressible flow solver, astroFoam, which is developed based on the OpenFOAM C++ library, is used to perform the simulations. The time-averaged near-field shock structures and the mean axial density are compared with the experiment data to validate the fidelity of the LES results, and the reasonable agreement is observed. The results indicate that the remarkable differences exist in the near-field flow structures of the jets. In particular, the circular and square jets correspond to a three-dimensional helical instability mode, while the elliptic and rectangular jets have a two-dimensional lateral instability in their minor axis planes. A subsonic flow zone exists after the Mach disk in the circular and square jets, but is lacking in the elliptic and rectangular jets. The intercepting shocks in the circular jet originate near the nozzle exit, and appear to be circular in cross-section. The intercepting shocks in the square jet originate at the four corners of the nozzle exit at first, and then are observed along the major axis plane some distance downstream of the nozzle exit. However, the formation of the intercepting shock is observed in the major axis planes but is lacking in the minor axis planes for the elliptic and rectangular jets. In addition, the real mass flow rates and discharge coefficients for different jets are computed based on the LES modeling, and their differences are explored.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132311136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}