Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components最新文献

{"title":"Development of High Temperature Semiconductor Strain Gages for Thermal Power Plant Applications","authors":"C. A. Suprock, Joseph J. Christian, S. Rosinski","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-84137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-84137","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a specially developed semiconductor strain cell that allows sensitive measurement of surface strain in environments with temperatures up to 1050F (566C). There is an unmet industry-wide need in the manufacturing and power generation fields for monitoring material mechanics and component degradation at temperatures exceeding the maximum working temperature of traditional strain gage technologies. This technology advances attachment methodology of the semiconductor gage to allow field deployment and a physically reliable interface with structural strain. Measuring strain at these temperatures is useful both in the laboratory and in practical monitoring applications. The technology provides a way to monitor changes in materials exposed to heat and stress and give plant engineers tools to predict and avoid critical failures.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115838035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Genetic-Algorithm-Based Data Reconciliation on Offshore Virtual Flow Metering of Gas-Condensate Field Production","authors":"Dan Wang, J. Gong, Di Fan, Guoyun Shi, Juheng Yang","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-84268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-84268","url":null,"abstract":"During present offshore gas-condensate production, flow meters, due to its exceedingly high cost, are being substituted by Virtual Flow Metering (VFM) Technology for monitoring total and single-well flow rates through sensor measurements and physical models. In this work, the inverse problem is solved by Data Reconciliation (DR), minimizing weighted sum of errors with constraints integrating multiple two-phase flow models. The DR problem is solved by Parallel Genetic Algorithm, without complex calculations required by conventional optimization. The newly developed VFM method is tested by data from a realistic gas-condensate production system. The results show good accuracy for the total mass flow rate with model calibration. Meanwhile, recommended single-well flow rate can be provided without physical meters. The method is proved of good robustness with individual pressure sensor invalid, even total flow rate measurements unavailable. The time cost of each reconciliation process can meet the demand of engineering application.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129949079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Time and Temperature Dependent Behavior of Metal Seals in Radioactive Waste Containers","authors":"Tobias Grelle, D. Wolff, U. Probst, M. Jaunich, H. Völzke","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-84584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-84584","url":null,"abstract":"The Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) runs an investigation program on the long-term behavior of multi-component metal seals. Such seals are used in a wide area of applications including transport and storage casks for spent nuclear fuel and high level radioactive waste. The seal function is mainly based on the compression of the inner helical spring, which generates the necessary seal force to keep the sealing surfaces in close contact. This in turn leads to a plastic deformation of the outer jacket of the seal, comprised of highly ductile aluminum or silver that adapts to the sealing surfaces of cask body and bolted lid, thus providing high level leak tightness. In Germany, those casks are licensed for interim storage periods of up to 40 years or more if extended interim storage would become necessary before a final repository is available. Thus, the sealing performance has to be evaluated, including factors like elevated temperature due to decay heat or mechanical loads due to transport under normal as well as accident conditions. Long-term investigations at BAM have been running over the last nine years to identify and evaluate the seal performance by measuring the remaining seal force, the useable resilience and the leakage rate after various time intervals at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 150 °C. It was found that the seal force and useable resilience decrease with time and temperature, caused by creep deformation of the outer jacket. In order to obtain an analytical description for the seal behavior and to achieve more information on the material behavior under application conditions a comprehensive investigation program with focus on aluminum as outer jacket material was launched. The program includes material investigations such as compression and tension creep tests with representative basic materials. An additional test setup allows for the continuous measurement of the remaining seal force at temperatures of up to 150 °C. Furthermore, seal segments are compressed and stored in heating chambers, thus producing segments at different stages of the aging process. The segments are investigated regarding the development of the contact area width, jacket thickness and microstructural changes. This data will be used to develop material models and an analytical description of the time and temperature dependent long-term sealing behavior. This paper explains the current status of gained test results and modelling approaches and closes with an outlook to the future project plans.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132986333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Nut Thinning due to Corrosion on the Sealing Performance in Bolted Flange Joints Under Internal Pressure","authors":"Tsutomu Kikuchi, H. Tsuji, Daichi Tsurumi","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-85064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-85064","url":null,"abstract":"In the damage evaluation (and analysis) of the bolted flange joints, it is most important to evaluate the reduction in the sealing performance. Although the marginal nut height found by Alexander’s theory [1] serves as a value smaller about 20% than standard nut height, even if it becomes thin 20% or more on a track record and experience, leakage does not occur. In this study the effects of nut thinning due to corrosion on the sealing performance in 3-inch bolted flange joints under internal pressure by use of FEM calculations. The following results are obtained the relationship between stripping bolt load and nut height is developed, and the marginal nut height for the sealing performance is calculated.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125997068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Application of Singular Spectrum Analysis for Internal Valve Leakage Signals Denoising in a Natural Gas Pipeline","authors":"Shen-Bin Zhu, Zhenlin Li, Shimin Zhang, Ying Yu","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-84036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-84036","url":null,"abstract":"Internal valve leakage in a natural gas pipeline not only brings huge economic losses to the petroleum enterprises, but also causes immeasurable environmental pollution. Therefore, the diagnosis of internal valve leakage and the prediction of leakage rates are the basis to ensure the safe operation of natural gas pipeline. In this paper, based on acoustic emission detection system, the internal valve leakage signals were collected, which were analyzed and processed to diagnose the internal valve leakage and predict the leakage rates. Due to the complex work environment and serious noise interference, the collected acoustic emission signals contain a large amount of environmental noise. Therefore, singular spectrum analysis was proposed to reduce the environmental noise in acoustic emission signals. Radial basis function neural network was used to predict the leakage rates. Experimental results demonstrate that pure internal leakage source signals can be obtained via singular spectrum analysis. The prediction accuracy of leakage rates based on the characteristic parameters of pure AE signals is better than the accuracy without signals denoising. Therefore, singular spectrum analysis is an effective denoising method for acoustic emission signals, which can improve the prediction accuracy of internal valve leakage rate.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129840326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fitness-for-Service Assessment of an Injection Point in a Boiler Feed-Water Line Subjected to Corrosion","authors":"T. Kaida, M. Sasaki, Luis Alejandro Baldomir Gutierrez","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-85038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-85038","url":null,"abstract":"When inspecting a piping system, injection points should receive specific attention because they are sometimes subject to accelerated or localized corrosion. If metal loss is found at the location of such injection points during the inspection, a Fitness-For-Service (FFS) assessment can be used to evaluate whether the component can continue to operate safely without a plant shutdown. A more practical method for assessing the integrity is needed to provide specific procedures for the FFS assessment of a piping branch, e.g., an area-replacement rule.\u0000 This paper will present a practical example of an FFS assessment of an injection point in a boiler feed-water line in which internal corrosion was found using ultrasonic testing. We outline a way to characterize the metal-loss shape and assess the integrity of the injection point. We also present a quill-type injection design as a permanent countermeasure.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132576238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Design of Spent Fuel Containment Impact Limiter by Response Surface Method","authors":"Haijun Hu, Qiqi Tong, Yun Li, Sheng Wang, F. Fan, Li Jiancang, Haiqiao Ye, Sheng Peizhen","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-84429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-84429","url":null,"abstract":"Impact limiters are attached near to the top and the bottom of a spent fuel containment body as shock absorbers to maintain the structural integrity of the containment not only in normal condition but also in hypothetical accident condition of 9m falling. Ellipsoidal-head-like metallic impact limiters are used for a spent fuel containment which is designed to carry 26 spent fuel assemblies. Main geometry dimensions of the limiters, such as diameter, thickness of the shell, length of straight flange and fillet radius, are design variables. The LS-DYNA software is applied to simulate the acceleration of containment in a falling accident. Sensitivity analyses of the variables on acceleration of spent fuel containment in the 9m falling accident are carried out. By response surface method, the best geometry dimensions which minimize the acceleration of the containment in falling accident are achieved. As showed in results, ellipsoidal head shaped metallic impact limiters work very well in the 9m falling accident. They could significantly decrease load factor and provide more safety margin.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122222684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumatic Test of Pressurised Equipment: Its Hazards and Alternatives","authors":"K. Ebrahimi, S. Mofrad","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-84025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-84025","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure testing of pressurised equipment is crucial in establishing confidence that it is capable of performing the duty for which it has been designed and fabricated.\u0000 A pressure test is usually mandated by pressurised equipment design codes for newly fabricated equipment.\u0000 Also many regulations or industry codes for the design and fabrication of pressurised equipment require that a pressure test is performed on any modified in-service pressurized equipment to verify that the integrity of the equipment has not been compromised after such modifications.\u0000 Although the usual and normally the preferred method of pressure testing is conducting a full hydrostatic test on the entire equipment (i.e. using a liquid medium, typically water), there may be occasions that a hydrostatic test is simply not practical.\u0000 As an alternative to a full hydrostatic test, the designer may consider performing a localized pressure test or sometimes a full pneumatic test on modified equipment.\u0000 It must be emphasized that a full pneumatic test can create extreme hazards to a facility and nearby personnel and therefore needs a careful and methodological assessment prior to being attempted on any equipment.\u0000 This article is structured primarily as an attempt to assist the organizations in charge of design and inspection of newly fabricated or in-service equipment to identify general hazards associated with pneumatic test of pressurised equipment in a structured manner.\u0000 An analysis of a simple cylindrical pressure vessel is presented to provide a better understanding of hazards associated with pneumatic test.\u0000 Two tables in the paper provide the recommended exclusion zones from the equipment being pneumatically tested in order to reduce hazards associated with shock waves and/or projectile fragments.\u0000 The paper also briefly explains alternative methods of testing in lieu of a full hydrostatic or pneumatic test. [1, 2]","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132482690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Creep Degradation on Collapsed Membrane Wall From P265GH Pressure Purpose Steel by Ultrasonic Testing","authors":"T. Zavadil","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-85159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-85159","url":null,"abstract":"Creep failure of the pressure vessels operated at high temperatures in power and petrochemical industry is a frequent reason of its collapse. Some ultrasonic properties, as the ultrasonic waves’ velocity, are sensitive to change of material properties due to thermally induced degradation processes, especially plastic deformation. The article discusses possible applications of ultrasonic testing to detect creep degradation process based on results of measurements performed on collapsed membrane wall from P265GH pressure purpose steel. The methodology may help with selection of potentially critical areas on pressure equipment under operation prior its further investigation while performing e.g. residual life assessment.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"775 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129696941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Mitigation of Acoustic Induced Vibration (AIV) in Piping Systems","authors":"B. Ridens, T. Allison, S. Simons, K. Brun","doi":"10.1115/PVP2018-84107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2018-84107","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores new analysis techniques and mitigation concepts developed to extend the current state of the art acoustic induced vibrations (AIV) analyses. These new methods are intended to provide more accurate evaluations of this phenomenon in an attempt to solve AIV problems found in blowdown and piping systems. Current screening methods for AIV are based on pass/fail data with minimal or undesired options for reducing the likelihood of failure for AIV events. Computational fluid dynamics simulations and finite element analysis in combination with lab testing of novel mitigation options using accelerometers, dynamic pressure transducers, and strain gages were performed to better understand the phenomenon and develop possible solutions to reduce the impact of AIV on piping systems.\u0000 Results of the testing and analyses performed at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) indicate that there is a possible correlation with acoustic modes, structural modes, and elevated stresses during AIV events. Minor reductions in dynamic pressure fluctuations throughout piping during AIV events can be made by changes in valve geometry and piping configurations. Results of CFD modeling and analysis demonstrate that computational analysis can be used to evaluate mitigation strategies and suggest that the use of a dampener as a mitigation technique may be successful in reducing the amplitudes of dynamic pressure waves in piping systems caused by AIV events.","PeriodicalId":339189,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Operations, Applications, and Components","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125608388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}