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International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility最新文献

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Evaluating accessibility-in-use 评估accessibility-in-use
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility Pub Date : 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2461121.2461136
Markel Vigo, S. Harper
{"title":"Evaluating accessibility-in-use","authors":"Markel Vigo, S. Harper","doi":"10.1145/2461121.2461136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461121.2461136","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests that guidelines employed in conformance testing do not catch all the accessibility barriers encountered by users on the Web. Since accessibility is strongly tied to the users' experience there is a subjective perception of accessibility barriers and their severity. What is more, not only intangible qualities characterise the way in which these barriers are perceived, but also navigation styles, age, onset, expertise and abilities play a key role. In order to overcome the limitations of conformance testing and catch the problems that emerge during the interaction we propose a user-interaction-driven method to automatically report accessibility problems. To do so, we initially isolate the problematic situations faced by users and the tactics employed in such situations. These tactics are considered behavioural markers of cognitive processes that indicate problematic situations; the presence of tactics denotes the presence of problems. Then, we design and deploy algorithms to automatically detect the exhibition of these tactics and consequently detect problematic situations. WebTactics, a tool that unobtrusively detects and reports the problematic situations undergone by visually disabled users illustrates the method we propose.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115440116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Simplify or help?: text simplification strategies for people with dyslexia 简化还是帮助?:阅读障碍患者的文本简化策略
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility Pub Date : 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2461121.2461126
Luz Rello, R. Baeza-Yates, Stefan Bott, Horacio Saggion
{"title":"Simplify or help?: text simplification strategies for people with dyslexia","authors":"Luz Rello, R. Baeza-Yates, Stefan Bott, Horacio Saggion","doi":"10.1145/2461121.2461126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461121.2461126","url":null,"abstract":"We present a user study for two different automatic strategies that simplify text content for people with dyslexia. The strategies considered are the standard one (replacing a complex word with the most simpler synonym) and a new one that presents several synonyms for a complex word if the user requests them. We compare texts transformed by both strategies with the original text and to a gold standard manually built. The study was undertook by 96 participants, 47 with dyslexia plus a control group of 49 people without dyslexia. To show device independence, for the new strategy we used three different reading devices. Overall, participants with dyslexia found texts presented with the new strategy significantly more readable and comprehensible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest user study of its kind.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133365001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 123
Size matters (spacing not): 18 points for a dyslexic-friendly Wikipedia 大小很重要(没有空格):对于阅读困难的人来说，18分是很好的
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility Pub Date : 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2461121.2461125
Luz Rello, M. Pielot, Mari-Carmen Marcos, Roberto Carlini
{"title":"Size matters (spacing not): 18 points for a dyslexic-friendly Wikipedia","authors":"Luz Rello, M. Pielot, Mari-Carmen Marcos, Roberto Carlini","doi":"10.1145/2461121.2461125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461121.2461125","url":null,"abstract":"In 2012, Wikipedia was the sixth-most visited website on the Internet. Being one of the main repositories of knowledge, students from all over the world consult it. But, around 10% of these students have dyslexia, which impairs their access to text-based websites. How could Wikipedia be presented to be more readable for this target group? In an experiment with 28 participants with dyslexia, we compare reading speed, comprehension, and subjective readability for the font sizes 10, 12, 14, 18, 22, and 26 points, and line spacings 0.8, 1.0, 1.4, and 1.8. The results show that font size has a significant effect on the readability and the understandability of the text, while line spacing does not. On the basis of our results, we recommend using 18-point font size when designing web text for readers with dyslexia. Our results significantly differ from previous recommendations, presumably, because this is the first work to cover a wide range of values and to study them in the context of an actual website.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130707214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
Citizen sensing for collaborative construction of accessibility maps 可达性地图协同构建的市民感知
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility Pub Date : 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2461121.2461153
Kelly Shigeno, S. Borger, Diego S. Gallo, R. Herrmann, M. Molinaro, C. Cardonha, F. Koch, Priscilla Avegliano
{"title":"Citizen sensing for collaborative construction of accessibility maps","authors":"Kelly Shigeno, S. Borger, Diego S. Gallo, R. Herrmann, M. Molinaro, C. Cardonha, F. Koch, Priscilla Avegliano","doi":"10.1145/2461121.2461153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461121.2461153","url":null,"abstract":"In this demo we present IBM Sidewalks, a mobile application designed to facilitate the identification of accessibility issues in a city via crowdsourcing. This application connects to our Citizen Sensing platform, providing to city administrators an integrated view about issues in the city, such as sidewalks that are obstructed or in bad condition. If a representative amount of data is collected through people engagement, a significant number of issues will be registered, and analytics tools can be used to identify the impact these issues have on people with disabilities' lives. Consequently, we can use such information to build accessibility maps, and possibly to define an appropriate action plan to address the issues, optimizing resource allocation.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"2001 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130286812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
A crowdsourcing platform for the construction of accessibility maps 无障碍地图建设众包平台
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility Pub Date : 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2461121.2461129
C. Cardonha, Diego S. Gallo, Priscilla Avegliano, R. Herrmann, F. Koch, S. Borger
{"title":"A crowdsourcing platform for the construction of accessibility maps","authors":"C. Cardonha, Diego S. Gallo, Priscilla Avegliano, R. Herrmann, F. Koch, S. Borger","doi":"10.1145/2461121.2461129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461121.2461129","url":null,"abstract":"We present in this article a crowdsourcing platform that enables the collaborative creation of accessibility maps. The platform provides means for integration of different kind of data, collected automatically or with user intervention, to augment standard maps with accessibility information. The article shows the architecture of the platform, dedicating special attention to the smartphone applications we developed for data collection. The article also describes a preliminar experiment conducted on field, showing how the analysis of data produced by our solution can bring novel insights in accessibility challenges that can be found in cities.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128618851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 76
Benchmarking web accessibility evaluation tools: measuring the harm of sole reliance on automated tests 对web可访问性评估工具进行基准测试:衡量完全依赖自动化测试的危害
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility Pub Date : 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2461121.2461124
Markel Vigo, Justin Brown, Vivienne L. Conway
{"title":"Benchmarking web accessibility evaluation tools: measuring the harm of sole reliance on automated tests","authors":"Markel Vigo, Justin Brown, Vivienne L. Conway","doi":"10.1145/2461121.2461124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461121.2461124","url":null,"abstract":"The use of web accessibility evaluation tools is a widespread practice. Evaluation tools are heavily employed as they help in reducing the burden of identifying accessibility barriers. However, an over-reliance on automated tests often leads to setting aside further testing that entails expert evaluation and user tests. In this paper we empirically show the capabilities of current automated evaluation tools. To do so, we investigate the effectiveness of 6 state-of-the-art tools by analysing their coverage, completeness and correctness with regard to WCAG 2.0 conformance. We corroborate that relying on automated tests alone has negative effects and can have undesirable consequences. Coverage is very narrow as, at most, 50% of the success criteria are covered. Similarly, completeness ranges between 14% and 38%; however, some of the tools that exhibit higher completeness scores produce lower correctness scores (66-71%) due to the fact that catching as many violations as possible can lead to an increase in false positives. Therefore, relying on just automated tests entails that 1 of 2 success criteria will not even be analysed and among those analysed, only 4 out of 10 will be caught at the further risk of generating false positives.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116875872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 169
Towards web accessibility repair 无障碍网页修复
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility Pub Date : 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1145/2461121.2461155
N. Fernandes
{"title":"Towards web accessibility repair","authors":"N. Fernandes","doi":"10.1145/2461121.2461155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461121.2461155","url":null,"abstract":"Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) are becoming a new trend on the Web. Despite that, current evaluators and repairing tools do not access all the possible variation of RIAs producing incomplete results. Thus, it is important to fully understand the impact of RIAs in accessibility, identify development and repair patterns. We perform that using an extended version of QualWeb evaluator, which allows to simultaneously understand, evaluate and propose repairing practices to some accessibility problems of RIAs.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126972397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Enhancing learning accessibility through fully automatic captioning 通过全自动字幕增强学习可及性
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility Pub Date : 2012-04-16 DOI: 10.1145/2207016.2207053
Maria Federico, M. Furini
{"title":"Enhancing learning accessibility through fully automatic captioning","authors":"Maria Federico, M. Furini","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207053","url":null,"abstract":"The simple act of listening or of taking notes while attending a lesson may represent an insuperable burden for millions of people with some form of disabilities (e.g., hearing impaired, dyslexic and ESL students). In this paper, we propose an architecture that aims at automatically creating captions for video lessons by exploiting advances in speech recognition technologies. Our approach couples the usage of off-the-shelf ASR (Automatic Speech Recognition) software with a novel caption alignment mechanism that smartly introduces unique audio markups into the audio stream before giving it to the ASR and transforms the plain transcript produced by the ASR into a timecoded transcript.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127888157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
A challenge to web accessibility metrics and guidelines: putting people and processes first 对web可访问性指标和指导方针的挑战:将人员和流程放在首位
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility Pub Date : 2012-04-16 DOI: 10.1145/2207016.2207028
M. Cooper, D. Sloan, B. Kelly, S. Lewthwaite
{"title":"A challenge to web accessibility metrics and guidelines: putting people and processes first","authors":"M. Cooper, D. Sloan, B. Kelly, S. Lewthwaite","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207028","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that web accessibility is not an intrinsic characteristic of a digital resource but is determined by complex political, social and other contextual factors, as well as technical aspects which are the focus of WAI standardisation activities. It can therefore be inappropriate to develop legislation or focus on metrics only associated with properties of the resource.\u0000 The authors describe the value of standards such as BS 8878 which focus on best practices for the process of developing web products and include a user focus.\u0000 The paper concludes with a case study that illustrates how learning analytics could provide data to support the improvement of the inclusivity of learning resources, providing a broader perspective beyond the digital resource.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130946979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 68
Mobile sign language translation system for deaf community 聋人社区移动手语翻译系统
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility Pub Date : 2012-04-16 DOI: 10.1145/2207016.2207049
Mehrez Boulares, M. Jemni
{"title":"Mobile sign language translation system for deaf community","authors":"Mehrez Boulares, M. Jemni","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207049","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, web technologies are a very efficient way to ensure communication between a large and heterogeneous audience. Furthermore, web information is mainly based on textual and multimedia content and consequently, some people with special needs, such as deaf and hard of hearing people, have difficulties to access to information or to communicate with hearing people. This problem is due to the lack of services that facilitate sign language learning for hearing people or text translation into sign language for persons with hearing impairment. In this context, we present in this paper a new approach based on web services, X3D and android operating system to build a mobile translation system from text into sign language using virtual signing agent. The main feature of this work is that it can be used to learn sign language and to provide sign language translation of written text for people with hearing impairment.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123963156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
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