International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility最新文献

{"title":"A macroscopic web accessibility evaluation at different processing phases","authors":"N. Fernandes, L. Carriço","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207025","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details a comparative experimental study to understand the difference of the Web's accessibility properties regarding two different evaluation approaches: using WCAG 2.0 techniques and targeting the pages as they reach the browser; using WCAG 2.0, but evaluating the pages after the browser processing, thus as they will be delivered to the end-user. For that, we evaluated over 20000 Web pages using already established accessibility metrics. We then compared the results obtained from the WCAG 2.0 evaluation of the two processing phases. We observed some changes in the macroscopic properties of the evaluation. Regarding the comparison between the two phases, we observed a narrower distribution of quality, i.e., the worst pages are in fact not that bad, and the best ones not that good.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114612681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An intuitive accessible web automation user interface","authors":"Yury Puzis, Y. Borodin, Faisal Ahmed, I. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207054","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the Web has become an ever more sophisticated and irreplaceable tool in our daily lives. While the visual Web has advanced at a rapid pace, assistive technology has not been able to keep up, increasingly putting visually impaired users at a disadvantage. Web automation has the potential to bridge the accessibility divide between the ways blind and sighted people access the Web; specifically, it can enable blind people to accomplish web browsing tasks that were previously slow, hard, or even impossible to achieve. In this paper, we propose and evaluate an intuitive and accessible web automation interface. We validate the design in a Wizard-of-Oz user study with visually-impaired subjects and show that the proposed approach has the potential to significantly increase accessibility and usability of web pages, reduce interaction time, and increase user satisfaction. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of and emphasize the pressing need for truly accessible web automation technologies.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121442820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIPAW: modele of a progressive implementation of web accessibility","authors":"J. Villain, Olivier Nourry","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207045","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the elaboration of a progressive implementation model for WCAG, centered on the notions of access to information and essential needs of users. MIPAW's main goal is to serve as a framework for the elaboration of progressive enhancement methodologies, of measurement systems of the real level of accessibility, and the setting up of efficient quality assurance management systems. Based on state of the art, real-world experience, and expertise in accessibility, as well as quality assurance areas, the project has the ambition of providing methodological tools better suited to the constraints of web industrialization, while preserving the deployment of real user-centric accessibility. MIPAW is a project lead as part of the activities of the AccessiWeb GTA (Workgroup on Accessibility), and has received active support from 16 of the most prominent French companies in the area of expertise in digital accessibility.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124009489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a semantic user and device modeling framework that supports UI adaptability of web 2.0 applications for people with special needs","authors":"Philip Ackermann, Carlos A. Velasco, Christopher Power","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207018","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of user and device models to customize applications has been the subject of research for decades. This paper presents a modeling framework that supports dynamic adaptation of the UI of web 2.0 applications. This work builds upon previous efforts of the authors [22] leveraged with the use of the semantic framework for Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP), which allows the matching of device capabilities and user preferences arising because of functional restrictions. The combination of these models with those of the corresponding web applications, enables an adaptive transformation process that facilitates access to users with special needs derived of their functional restrictions or because of context-related handicapping situations. We argue that this approach will enable a user-centric access to the web, including mobile and ubiquitous delivery of services and applications.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124477267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal and ubiquitous web access with Capti","authors":"Y. Borodin, Andrii Sovyak, Alexander Dimitriyadi, Yury Puzis, V. Melnyk, Faisal Ahmed, Glenn Dausch, I. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207036","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present Capti -- a universally and ubiquitously accessible web browsing application enabling intuitive and usable web access for people with and w/o vision impairments. Capti provides a usable screen-reader interface for web browsing and an accessible listen-to-it-later Playlist (charmtechlabs.com).","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122658735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usability, demography, and directions for W4A","authors":"A. Newell","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207040","url":null,"abstract":"W4A has made tremendous strides in increasing the accessibility of web sites, and raising the profile of this activity, by researching into and producing web accessibility technologies and guidelines for this process. To a great extent, the literature has focused on how to ensure that data on web sites, and other aspects of the digital landscape, are accessible people with disabilities - but are there other goals that W4A should be pursuing?\u0000 The introduction to this conference reads: \"The World Wide Web has changed the way we search, access, consume and produce information\". Roberts [4] however, reports that older people's use of the Internet remains lower than that of younger adults (64% of those 65 and older have never used the Internet, and, although the usage by older people is growing, it is at a slow rate). The situation in the USA is not dissimilar. In the UK, and possibly the rest of the world, this lack of usage of the Internet is also the case for those younger people who have few or no educational qualifications. There is also growing evidence that members of these groups are more likely to become \"digitally disengaged\" as their characteristics and capabilities change with time.\u0000 Thus, unless the \"us\" only refers to conference delegates, the above quote should have read \"The World Wide Web has changed the way some of us search, access, consume and produce information\". This is not an isolated error -- the literature is full of \"everyone\" as a short hand for \"the people I know\" or \"over 50% of the population - probably\". What about the others?\u0000 The theme of the 2009 W4A in Madrid was Web Accessibility for Older Users. Are We There Yet? Clearly we are not there yet! The web is still not \"accessible\" to all older and uneducated or technophobic people nor to many people from a different technological generation or different cultures. It was argued in Madrid that these issues should be a greater priority for W4A researchers. Appropriate ways of addressing them, however, were likely to be different from the task of increasing \"accessibility\" for (young) people with (mainly) sensory and motor disabilities [1].\u0000 This is a different war and W4A needs to develop different weapons. We need to investigate why these users are or choose, to be digitally excluded? What do they need and want in terms of digital information? That is: how can technology be made which is \"acceptable\" as well as \"accessible\"? This leads to questions, including:\u0000 What does the evidence of \"accessible\" but \"unusable\" sites tell us about current guidelines and methods? Why do many designers seem to ignore current guidelines? How does this reflect on the acceptability and usability of these guidelines?\u0000 Should there be a greater focus on \"usability\" of information and marginalized users' experience of the technology? How can we facilitate users' \"delight\"?\u0000 Should we focus more on the design of web sites and other sources of digital data, and less on options to cope with ina","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132448868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On web accessibility evaluation environments","authors":"N. Fernandes, Rui Lopes, L. Carriço","doi":"10.1145/1969289.1969295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1969289.1969295","url":null,"abstract":"Modern Web sites leverage several techniques (e.g. DOM manipulation) that allow for the injection of new content into their Web pages (e.g., AJAX), as well as manipulation of the HTML DOM tree. This has the consequence that the Web pages that are presented to users (i.e., browser environment) are different from the original structure and content that is transmitted through HTTP communication (i.e., command line environment). This poses a series of challenges for Web accessibility evaluation, especially on automated evaluation software.\u0000 This paper details an experimental study designed to understand the differences posed by accessibility evaluation in the Web browser. For that, we implemented a Javascript-based evaluator, QualWeb, that can perform WCAG 2.0 based accessibility evaluations in both browser and command line environments. Our study shows that, in fact, there are deep differences between the HTML DOM tree in both environments, which has the consequence of having distinct evaluation results. Furthermore, we discovered that, for the WCAG 2.0 success criteria evaluation procedures we implemented, 67% of them yield false negative answers on their applicability within the command line environment, whereas more than 13% of them are false positives. We discuss the impact of these results in the light of the potential problems that these differences can pose to designers and developers that use accessibility evaluators that function on command line environments.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127574615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The AccDC enterprise API for advanced UI automation","authors":"B. Garaventa","doi":"10.1145/1969289.1969314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1969289.1969314","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the purpose and functionality of the AccDC Enterprise API for Advanced UI Automation at WhatSock.com, which was founded to promote the concept and utilization of Automatically Accessible Technologies (\"AAT\") as an attainable global standard.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133307395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating dyslexia in the web","authors":"R. Baeza-Yates, Luz Rello","doi":"10.1145/1969289.1969300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1969289.1969300","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we present an estimation of texts containing English dyslexic errors in the Web. A classification of lexical errors is proposed and unique dyslexic errors are distinguished from other kind of errors due to spelling and grammatical errors, typos, OCR errors and errors produced when English is used as a foreign language. A representative sample of each kind of error is used to calculate a lower bound for the prevalence of dyslexia in the English Web. Although dyslexia has been studied in the context of Web accessibility, to the best of our knowledge, an estimation of Web texts containing dyslexic errors was unknown. Our results are useful to tackle future work in Web accessibility among dyslexic users focusing not only in the interface but also in the text content.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133190633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AccessibleNews DAISY: newspapers in DAISY","authors":"G. Kanvinde, Saurabh Gupta","doi":"10.1145/1969289.1969320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1969289.1969320","url":null,"abstract":"Reading newspapers and magazines becomes difficult and dreary task for people with visual impairment and print disabilities. As a result, this important avenue for increasing awareness and knowledge remains largely closed to such people. In this paper, we describe an elegant solution to this challenge - the AccessibleNews DAISY software developed by Accessible Systems, an Assistive Technology firm based in Mumbai, India.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133778196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}