International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility最新文献

{"title":"Accessible 3D signing avatars: the Tunisian experience","authors":"Kabil Jaballah","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207033","url":null,"abstract":"Signing avatars have the potential to produce sign language in its visual/Dynamic form. These virtual characters are actually getting increasing interest form the deaf community and being actively uploaded to the World Wide Web (WWW). In Tunisia, we developed a system called Websign which is able to translate any text information into any signed language through an avatar. This paper outlines the importance of the avatars technology in making the world accessible to deaf people. We put a special focus on how to generate exchangeable signing avatars and the way to make them accessible, indexable and easily located on the Internet.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128998845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines, icons and marketable skills: an accessibility evaluation of 100 web development company homepages","authors":"T. Gilbertson, C. Machin","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207024","url":null,"abstract":"Accessible websites are increasingly desired by clients with many web developers listing accessibility as a skill offered by their companies. An accessibility and validation study of 100 UK web development company homepages found that, while the skill set is gaining popularity in terms of visibility, the mention of accessibility on a developer website has no impact in terms of the actual accessibility of the homepage. The presence of validation and conformance icons for XHTML, CSS, WCAG 1.0 and 2.0 also does not necessarily reflect the current state of the site, which may have changed multiple times since the validation occurred. Accessibility errors are still common, with missing alt text and labels and poor keyboard accessibility in terms of keyboard traps as well as omission of \"lang\" attributes and reused id attribute values listed among the most frequent barriers encountered.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130761674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting one voice: tuning up experts' assessment in measuring accessibility","authors":"S. Mirri, P. Salomoni, L. Muratori, Matteo Battistelli","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207023","url":null,"abstract":"Web accessibility evaluations are typically done by means of automatic tools and by humans' assessments. Metrics about accessibility are devoted to quantify accessibility level or accessibility barriers, providing numerical synthesis from such evaluations. It is worth noting that, while automatic tools usually return binary values (meant as the presence or the absence of an error), human assessment in manual evaluations are subjective and can get values from a continuous range.\u0000 In this paper we present a model which takes into account multiple manual evaluations and provides final single values. In particular, an extension of our previous metric BIF, called cBIF, has been designed and implemented to evaluate consistence and effectiveness of such a model. Suitable tools and the collaboration of a group of evaluators is supporting us to provide first results on our metric and is drawing interesting clues for future researches.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122914423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AMAri: a reporting interface for accessibility evaluations","authors":"S. Mirri, Matteo Casadei, L. Muratori, Matteo Battistelli, P. Salomoni","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207035","url":null,"abstract":"Accessibility evaluation and monitoring actions are distributed activities based on the analysis and verification of a huge amount of data. In this paper we present an application prototype, which produces accessible and personalized outputs (by means of graphics and tables) in a feasible way, on the basis of Web pages accessibility validations, thereby making data more understandable and accessible to distributed Web authoring/editorial staffs.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123984693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why read if you can skim: towards enabling faster screen reading","authors":"Faisal Ahmed, Y. Borodin, Yury Puzis, I. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207052","url":null,"abstract":"Skimming broadly refers to different speed-reading methods that aim to enhance the rate of reading without unduly compromising on comprehension and retention of information. Skimming of content could be particularly useful for people with vision impairments, who frequently experience information overload when listening to reams of digital content online. Support for usable and useful skimming in modern screen readers remains very poor. This paper explores the user requirements for a usable non-visual skimming interface, informed by a large-scale human-subject experiment with blind individuals. Specifically, the study has: (1) helped identify the type of skimming that can be useful in screen reading main content in web pages; (2) led to the development of a usable interface for accessible online skimming; (3) demonstrated the utility of the accessible skimming interface in two realistic use scenarios; (4) identified automatic summarization techniques that could \"closely\" approximate skimming methods used by sighted people.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124368509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing access to the web of \"broad data\"","authors":"J. Hendler","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207041","url":null,"abstract":"Due to a problem with my wrists, hopefully temporary, I am writing this short article using voice recognition software. As this is the first time I've used this software, I'm actually relatively pleased with how well it works. I am able to write e-mails, send twitter and Facebook updates, and do many routine tasks using my voice. Modulo a few typos, I can even write this document (although putting this into ACM format required help). However, a significant portion of my life nowadays involves interacting with data, and when it comes to data interaction, \"web for all\" may as well just be a slogan. Even without accessibility problems, whether your goal is to enter, discover, or integrate data, or to try to understand what some particular data is telling you, it isn't easy. Add in disability, and the problem is made much worse.\u0000 In this keynote, I will discuss some of the issues that arise as people try to use the \"broad data\" that can be found on the World Wide Web. The modern combination of \"lightweight\" semantics, based to a large degree on the rapidly maturing products of early semantic Web research, coupled with the \"big data\" tools that have moved away from traditional relational databases, provides an area of exploration that is pushing research in new and interesting directions. Tim Berners--Lee's call for \"Raw Data Now\" is being heeded in many quarters, and other forces, including those of transparency and innovation, are creating vast repositories of data that are available without restriction.\u0000 As an example, governments around the world have been posting data sets on the web at a really amazing rate. In the past year and a half, my research group has identified and indexed the metadata for well over 700,000 open government datasets from around the world. This includes, at the time of this writing, datasets from more than thirty countries and international organizations in 16 different languages (we currently anticipate having more than 1 million data sets by the end of this calendar year). Our research has explored how to create, index and search metadata from this immense Federated catalog space. We have also been developing tools for helping users to create linked data from these data sets and to use that link data in the development of visualizations and other presentations that make the data more accessible. We are also working with the US government on bringing these techniques to the US Data.gov project.\u0000 In this talk, which I admit includes parts that are far more speculative than practical at this point in time, I will explore how the link spaces among the data provide the underpinnings of potential new applications that will help bring data analytics into our personal lives. By making data more personalized, we may be able to achieve new possibilities in data integration that could provide capabilities by which all of us would be able to more fully interact with the important data that affects us in our everyday lives (such as h","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129495129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doing math: mathematics accessibility issues","authors":"Nancy Alajarmeh","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207032","url":null,"abstract":"Limited mathematics accessibility support has been always a barrier for students with impaired vision to learn that fundamental subject. In response to that persistent need, enhancing mathematics accessibility has been deeply thought of with more attention given towards facilitating \"Doing the math\" and not only working on the rendering level. In specific, for the challenges they face in algebra, the efforts are being made to enable students to do and learn algebraic skills; i.e., arithmetic manipulation on the level of basic building blocks of entire expressions, working on complex expressions simplifications and evaluation, and solving algebraic equations. As a non-visual framework, manipulation is made through an accessible hierarchy of recorded, navigatable, and recoverable steps. With different layers each of which supports distinct needs of learners; the framework is to facilitate doing the math according to the student level of subject mastery and disability severity in minimal possible efforts; i.e., avoiding rewriting the same sub-expressions when they are not manipulated at certain point in the hierarchy from one step to the next.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132865645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Certification or conformance: making a successful commitment to WCAG 2.0","authors":"Suzette Keith, N. Floratos, G. Whitney","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207029","url":null,"abstract":"The need for accessible websites is well recognized and the accessibility guidelines (WCAG 2.0) provide an important benchmark standard for measuring progress of eGoverment and commercial websites. This study was commissioned by ANEC and aimed to examine the effects of voluntary and third party certification schemes on actual conformance with web accessibility standards.\u0000 A sample of 100 websites claiming voluntary or certified conformance to accessibility standards were selected from 5 European countries. In a combination of automatic tests and manual inspection it was found that simple measures of numbers of passes to WCAG 2.0 level A were highly disappointing. Closer inspection of the results revealed that a limited number of criteria at level A accounted for more than half the failures. These individual failures at level A tend to mask the commitment made by development teams to meet the needs of disabled users. Clearer processes are needed to identify and resolve these persistent barriers in order to support web development and achieve better and more consistent conformance to accessibility guidelines.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116531872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards ubiquitous accessibility: capability-based profiles and adaptations, delivered via the semantic web","authors":"M. Atkinson, Matthew J. Bell, C. Machin","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207020","url":null,"abstract":"The continuing proliferation of mobile devices, content and applications presents barriers to the mainstreaming of Assistive Technologies (ATs), despite their potential utility for users in demanding situations or with minor-to-moderate impairments. We have previously proposed that user profiling based on human rather than machine-oriented capabilities, coupled with a shift from conspicuous ATs to considering a broader range of adaptations presents opportunities for platform and AT vendors to support many more users. However there has not been a standard, consistent and, most importantly, straightforward way to deliver these benefits. We propose that this delivery gap can be bridged by using the semantic web and related technologies, so the potential benefits of the capability-based approach may be realised.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130710578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web accessibility and people with dyslexia: a survey on techniques and guidelines","authors":"Vagner Figuerêdo de Santana, Rosimeire de Oliveira, L. Almeida, M. Baranauskas","doi":"10.1145/2207016.2207047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207047","url":null,"abstract":"Although the dyslexia has significant occurrence in the global population, ranging from 15 to 20%, not much is known about how developers, designers, and content producers should respect differences and consider people with dyslexia in the Web. In this paper we present a survey regarding the state of the art on dyslexia and Web Accessibility. From the results, we present a set of 41 guidelines that may support website stakeholders (i.e., people directly involved with the design, development, and content) in phases involving design, coding, and Web content insertion. Moreover, we propose a mapping of these guidelines considering the responsibilities of different roles of websites stakeholders. Informed by this survey we expect development teams to objectively consider abilities of people with dyslexia in order to remove accessibility barriers.","PeriodicalId":339122,"journal":{"name":"International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131041479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}