Forensic Science International Mind and Law最新文献

{"title":"Prisoner's Dilemma: Ethical questions and mental health concerns about the COVID-19 vaccination and people living in detention","authors":"M. Liebrenz , D. Bhugra , A. Buadze , R. Schleifer","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33816,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Mind and Law","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25481922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ties that bind past and present: Tony Robert-Fleury, Philippe Pinel and the Salpêtrière","authors":"Natasha Ruiz-Gómez , Michael Liebrenz","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33816,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Mind and Law","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71816453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incarcerated older persons’ motivation to engage in criminal court-mandated treatment: Findings from a qualitative study","authors":"Helene Seaward ,&nbsp;Tenzin Wangmo ,&nbsp;Monika Egli-Alge ,&nbsp;Lutz-Peter Hiersemenzel ,&nbsp;Marc Graf ,&nbsp;Bernice S. Elger ,&nbsp;Elmar Habermeyer","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Motivation to change is a central component of successful psychotherapeutic treatment. It is however unclear how external pressures in court-mandated treatments interfere with a patient's internal motivation. This study sought to investigate service providers' and users' experiences with court-mandated psychotherapeutic treatment and its effects on a patient's motivation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a qualitative interview study with 41 older incarcerated persons receiving involuntary treatment and 63 mental health professionals (MHP) from Canada and Switzerland. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>MHP participants referred to the difficulties of using internal motivation as selection criterion for treatment participation but emphasized the advantage of the legal referral as a chance to connect with a person who would otherwise not seek treatment. This coerced participation in psychotherapy allowed the MHPs to build internal motivation throughout the intervention. Further, we delineate certain external and internal factors that influence treatment motivation. For instance, a patient's strategic motivation to engage in treatment to regain freedom; the influence of authorities' decision-making processes on treatment motivation; conveying and understanding of psychotherapy to promote active participation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study provides important empirical findings on the effects of the legal referral on a patient's motivation. Findings suggest that the legal referral in itself does not stand in contradiction to internal motivation. In fact, it facilitates the engagement with a person needing treatment. However, a patient's internal motivation is challenged if goals set by external decision-makers are unclear, unpredictable, and vague. To increase the effectiveness of court-mandated treatment, institutions should therefore establish clear goals that are communicated clearly and transparently to the patients. With this clarity, a patient's internal motivation can be enhanced, which ultimately affects outcomes of court-mandated treatment orders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33816,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Mind and Law","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71871275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooling-off periods and serial homicide: A case study approach to analysing behaviour between murders","authors":"M.R. Sutton ,&nbsp;David Keatley","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding cooling-off periods is an important step towards conceptualising life course events of serial killers, between their murders. Analysing the behaviours of serial killers between each homicide may give insight into when or if they will kill again, as well as informing definition criteria of what constitutes a serial killer as opposed to mass or spree killing. Research in this area typically analyses aggregate, large-scale data; however, this can often miss the idiosyncratic, specific details that are needed in real-word cases. To provide a more detailed account, an in-depth case study approach was taken to analyse the behaviours of Dennis Rader and Lonnie Franklin Jr., two well-known American serial killers, throughout their criminal career and identify patterns in their dormancy periods between murders. The analysis highlights that trophy-taking, the use of letters to communicate with the public, and offending-orientated fantasy may increase the length of a cooling-off period by suppressing homicidal urges. In contrast, the need for homicidal control may influence the effectiveness of such suppressing factors over time. The present research suggests that life-events can influence intervals between murders, even acting as a catalyst at times, which may help legal decision making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33816,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Mind and Law","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71871276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pandemics, human rights, and measures of presidential psychopathy","authors":"Michael Liebrenz","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33816,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Mind and Law","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39740504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death in the time of Covid-19: Efforts to restore the death penalty in the Philippines","authors":"Jose M. Jose ,&nbsp;Maria Corazon A. De Ungria","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Philippine Congress recently passed a bill amending the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and reimposing the penalty of life imprisonment to death for specific-drug related offenses. House Bill No. 7814 also allows the presumption of guilt in certain drug-related crimes unless otherwise proven, thereby overturning the long-standing constitutional presumption of innocence. The bill has been sent to the Senate for its concurrence and could only be several steps away before being signed into law by President Rodrigo R. Duterte. This paper discusses the ramifications of the new bill and the questioned timeliness of its passage when the country continues to have a large and overcrowded prison population and a significant number of deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 in Southeast Asia. The government's lapses in following the 2021 national vaccination plan became apparent in the 31 March 2021 assessment made by the congressional health panel on the government's response to the pandemic. From the authors' perspective, the urgency of using the country's limited resources to help medical frontliners and local government units prevent further infections and save lives should have outweighed the efforts exerted to pass a law that legalized the death penalty for the third time in the Philippines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33816,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Mind and Law","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40307368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Hall of Fame","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100053","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33816,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Mind and Law","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71779134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambiguous loss in the current migration crisis: A medico-legal, psychological, and psychiatric perspective","authors":"Debora Mazzarelli ,&nbsp;Barbara Bertoglio ,&nbsp;Maria Boscacci ,&nbsp;Giulia Caccia ,&nbsp;Clara Ruffetta ,&nbsp;Danilo De Angelis ,&nbsp;Tony Fracasso ,&nbsp;Jose Pablo Baraybar ,&nbsp;Silvana Riccio ,&nbsp;Marzia Maria Marzagalia ,&nbsp;Cristina Cattaneo","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ambiguous loss is a condition of uncertainty experienced following the disappearance of a person or following the psychological absence of a loved one. It generally has psychological and psychosocial repercussions, in addition to economic and administrative consequences. In the current Mediterranean migration crisis, this condition affects families and persons who have remained in the country of origin or are waiting for the arrival of the person in the host country. In the literature few studies have analysed the psychological state of these persons and who they are, especially those who managed to reach the European coasts, and in particular no one has highlighted the desire to know which accompanies the families of the missing. The present study begins to fill this gap by analysing data collected from the families and friends of the missing who disappeared during the crossing of the Mediterranean; it aims to begin to discuss a little known issue, well visible to forensic scientists and psychiatrists and very likely relevant for clinical purposes. To this end, 340 ante mortem forms containing the information collected during interviews of the living to identify the victims were analysed, focusing especially on the data useful to trace a profile of relatives who seek their missing loved ones. Since, for these relatives, the information needed to investigate the emotional and behavioural trends of ambiguous loss was lacking, a different sample of ten patients from the Ethnopsychiatry Department of the Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda (Milan, Italy) who had recently lost a loved one was also included in the study. The results suggested that the living do not forget those who left and continue to seek their loved ones, even six years after the last contact, some investing economically in their travels. The number of persons looking for the missing supported this, underlining the great number of potential victims of ambiguous loss caused by the migration disasters and lack of identification of the dead. From a psychological point of view, comparisons were identified with post-war victims, highlighting that similar clinical consequences occur regardless of different cultural contexts and modalities of loss. Differences were also identified, especially concerning the tensions that the journey could have caused to the identity of the patients and the loneliness experienced where these persons live, making the cause of the malaise ascribable to the emotional and psychological repercussions of ambiguous loss. In such a situation the identification of a body may represent the way to find one's own roots, to facilitate the end of ambiguity, and to mark the point where they can start rebuilding a life. In conclusion, migrants should not only be included in the group of victims of ambiguous loss, but they should be ensured an integrated health path that takes into account their psychological and social conditions, remembering that the recovery ","PeriodicalId":33816,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Mind and Law","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71871262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic psychiatry in Belgium in 2021: An overview of the current situation","authors":"Samuel Leistedt ,&nbsp;Xavier Bongaerts ,&nbsp;Donatien Macquet","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forensic psychiatry is a discipline dating from Antiquity. A discipline, which is in Belgium a relatively recent development, forensic psychiatry is focussed on two distinct areas, namely the care of detained patients and expertise. Care concerns those detained patients as defined by the Law of May 5, 2014, specifically those who have been diagnosed with mental illnesses and for whom the faculty of judgement, and therefore criminal responsibility, is deemed to be affected. These patients must therefore be treated and not punished. They have thus been hospitalised for an indeterminate period in specialised centres, which are distributed across Belgium.</p><p>Forensic psychiatry is recent in the way that it is structured and has acquired professionalism.</p><p>In a general way, only by making the discipline more academic will allow it to be recognised and thus improve the training of future experts in Belgium.</p><p>This article will describe in a structured and exhaustive manner the position of forensic psychiatry in Belgium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33816,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Mind and Law","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71871279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justice and law in the thought of Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860)","authors":"Trino Baptista ,&nbsp;Sonia Tucci ,&nbsp;Félix Angeles","doi":"10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) stated that the world has two coexisting dimensions: the Will-side, which is the metaphysical, ideal, and ultimate reality where isolated creatures do not exist; and the Representational side, which Will-powered, self-centered individual phenomenon inhabits. Schopenhauer asserted that in human societies under the imperative of the Will, <em>temporal</em> justice may only aspire to prevent ill-natured actions towards humans and animals. Absolute freedom happens at the metaphysical level of the primeval Will, and an <em>eternal</em> justice exists, because victims and perpetrators belong to the same essence, and their deeds are therefore balanced. In Schopenhauerian terms, the only bridge between <em>temporal</em> and e<em>ternal</em> justice is Will-denial, which leads to compassion and asceticism, and occurs after the awareness of the unity of all living beings. However, Will-denial, by being a strictly individual and unpredictable issue, led to Schopenhauer's pessimism about an enduring collective well-being. Approaching eternal and temporal justices is thus, a worthy quest, which is visible in the current worldwide concern and interest in altruism, cooperation, and compassion. Nevertheless, if this progress is devoid of compassion and asceticism (cooperation and healthy austerity in modern terms) it could lead to increased malicious social control and manipulation. Schopenhauer's thought may thus be part of the philosophical foundations of contemporary forensic psychiatry. This paper discusses these aspects of the philosopher's work, with reference to current ideas and literature in forensic psychiatry, psychology, law, and issues in contemporary physics which are pertinent to this debate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33816,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Mind and Law","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsiml.2021.100065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71871283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}