Cardiac Failure ReviewPub Date : 2026-02-16eCollection Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2025.52
Archana Ganapathy, Jason N Dungu, Anthony D Dimarco, Andrew Madu, Brian Li, Samantha Langley, Peter Watters, Henry Oluwasefunmi Savage
{"title":"Advances in Congestion Assessment in Decompensated Heart Failure.","authors":"Archana Ganapathy, Jason N Dungu, Anthony D Dimarco, Andrew Madu, Brian Li, Samantha Langley, Peter Watters, Henry Oluwasefunmi Savage","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2025.52","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2025.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congestion is a typical clinical feature of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), causing symptoms and unplanned hospitalisation. Suboptimal decongestion during admission and residual congestion at hospital discharge contribute to adverse effects. Accurate assessment of congestion is crucial in guiding response to diuretic treatment, achieving euvolaemia and preventing early rehospitalisation, which accelerates cardiac dysfunction and increases the risk of mortality. Traditional fluid assessment methods, including physical examination and imaging, are often not adequate to assess congestion. Comorbidities, such as obesity (BMI >30), further limit the accuracy of diagnostic tools including echocardiography, radiography, and biomarkers such as N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). This review explores traditional and emerging methods for evaluating congestion in ADHF and assesses their role in enhancing the clinical management of various congestion phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"12 ","pages":"e02"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12937080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiac Failure ReviewPub Date : 2026-02-06eCollection Date: 2026-01-01DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2025.55
Amina Rakisheva, Anton Zatsarinnyy
{"title":"The Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in the Pathophysiology of Heart Failure: A Special Focus.","authors":"Amina Rakisheva, Anton Zatsarinnyy","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2025.55","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2025.55","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"12 ","pages":"e01"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12937072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiac Failure ReviewPub Date : 2025-12-23eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2025.53
Josip Andelo Borovac, Dino Miric
{"title":"The Art and Science of Congestion Diagnosis and Management in Heart Failure.","authors":"Josip Andelo Borovac, Dino Miric","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2025.53","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2025.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"11 ","pages":"e35"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12784260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiac Failure ReviewPub Date : 2025-12-19eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2025.32
Jonathan Na, Miguel Valderrabano, Paul Schurmann
{"title":"Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Central Sleep Apnoea: When and Why?","authors":"Jonathan Na, Miguel Valderrabano, Paul Schurmann","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2025.32","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2025.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central sleep apnoea (CSA) is a sleep-disordered breathing condition characterised by diminished or absent respiratory effort during sleep due to instability in the respiratory control system. While various treatments exist, ranging from positive airway pressure therapy to pharmacological interventions, many patients' symptoms remain refractory to standard therapies. Phrenic nerve stimulation, particularly through devices such as the remedē System, represents a novel, evidence-based therapeutic avenue for patients with moderate to severe CSA. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CSA, explores the underlying pathophysiology, evaluates conventional treatments, and examines the mechanisms, efficacy and limitations of phrenic nerve stimulation based on current literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"11 ","pages":"e34"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12784273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiac Failure ReviewPub Date : 2025-12-15eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2025.41
Silas Ramos Furquim, Maria Tereza Sampaio de Sousa Lira, Deborah de Sá Pereira Belfort, Bruno Biselli, Paulo Roberto Chizzola, Robinson Tadeu Munhoz, Edimar Alcides Bocchi, Silvia Moreira Ayub-Ferreira
{"title":"Reverse Remodelling, Myocardial Recovery and Remission in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Clinical Implications and Management Strategies.","authors":"Silas Ramos Furquim, Maria Tereza Sampaio de Sousa Lira, Deborah de Sá Pereira Belfort, Bruno Biselli, Paulo Roberto Chizzola, Robinson Tadeu Munhoz, Edimar Alcides Bocchi, Silvia Moreira Ayub-Ferreira","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2025.41","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2025.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac reverse remodelling (RR) is a complex process involving structural and functional recovery of the myocardium, with significant implications for the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). This review summarises current concepts, underlying mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical implications of RR, while distinguishing it from myocardial recovery and remission. Both pharmacological therapies and non-pharmacological interventions have shown potential to induce RR in selected populations. Clinical features, echocardiographic parameters, advanced imaging findings, and biomarkers help stratify patients according to the likelihood of recovery and risk of relapse. The management of HF with improved ejection fraction remains debated. High recurrence rates are seen after therapy discontinuation; however, evidence suggests that partial withdrawal may be safe in specific patient profiles. RR should be considered a central therapeutic goal in HF care, although its extent and stability vary widely. Differentiating between transient improvement, remission under therapy, and true myocardial recovery is critical for guiding long-term treatment decisions, highlighting the importance of individualised follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"11 ","pages":"e33"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12784276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiac Failure ReviewPub Date : 2025-12-04eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2025.27
Tianzong Li, Yiran Luo, Lina Zhao, Fangfang Lu, Bei Zhang
{"title":"Ventricular-Arterial Coupling in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Bibliometric Review and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Tianzong Li, Yiran Luo, Lina Zhao, Fangfang Lu, Bei Zhang","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2025.27","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2025.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure remains a growing global health burden, and early disruptions in ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) contribute to its pathogenesis, particularly in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We conducted an integrative bibliometric and thematic review of Web of Science records (search on 1 March 2025; coverage through December 2024) to map how VAC has evolved from a mechanistic construct to a clinically actionable framework in HFpEF. Output accelerated since 2006, with four core clusters spanning haemodynamics, right ventricle- pulmonary artery coupling, arterial stiffness, and clinical imaging. VAC has steadily moved physiological constructs toward clinical risk stratification, especially in HFpEF and right ventricular dysfunction. Important gaps include non-standardised assessment and limited prospective validation of VAC-targeted interventions. This review synthesises mechanistic and clinical evidence across the left atrial, left ventricular, and right ventricle-pulmonary artery axes and, on that basis, sets practical priorities for measurement standardisation and prospective validation within a whole-heart perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"11 ","pages":"e32"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12723819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiac Failure ReviewPub Date : 2025-12-03eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2025.23
Jan Pec, Michael Arzt
{"title":"Positive Airway Pressure Therapies for Heart Failure: What Do the Trials Tell Us?","authors":"Jan Pec, Michael Arzt","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2025.23","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2025.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) represents a modifiable treatment target in patients with heart failure (HF). Despite the evolution of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy over the past several decades, randomised controlled trials have not demonstrated a consistent benefit in reducing mortality or hospital admissions related to HF. As a result, the use of PAP therapy has been primarily limited to symptom control of SDB. However, recent trials suggest that PAP therapy is safer than previously perceived and underscore an urgent need for a phenotype-based, individualised treatment approach. Stratifying patients according to sleep apnoea phenotypes or characteristic clinical clusters may enhance the identification of individuals most likely to respond favourably to PAP therapy in terms of clinical outcomes. This narrative review provides an outline of the current evidence regarding the use of PAP therapy in patients with SDB across the spectrum of HF phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"11 ","pages":"e30"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12723816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Hypopnoea Classifications on the Assessment of Sleep Disordered Breathing in Heart Failure.","authors":"Sébastien Baillieul, Renaud Tamisier, Jean-Louis Pépin","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2025.37","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2025.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD), particularly central sleep apnoea and obstructive sleep apnoea, are highly prevalent among individuals with heart failure (HF). Accurate classification of SRBD is critical for accurate diagnosis and to improve management by limiting treatment failures. Hypopnoeas, defined as partial reductions in airflow, represent a significant proportion of respiratory events; however, inconsistencies in their scoring across various guidelines have affected disease classification and may lead to inappropriate treatment indications. This review examines the substantial impact that variations in hypopnoea definitions and the differentiation between central and obstructive hypopnoeas have on SRBD diagnosis in HF patients. The authors underscore the clinical and epidemiological importance of standardising hypopnoea scoring and advocate for the development of refined, HF-specific methodologies in SRBD assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"11 ","pages":"e31"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12723812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145828497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cardiac Failure ReviewPub Date : 2025-11-20eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2025.29
Rebecca Steinberg, Andrew R Spector, Todd McVeigh, Marat Fudim
{"title":"Home Sleep Apnoea Testing: Advances, Challenges and Considerations in Heart Failure.","authors":"Rebecca Steinberg, Andrew R Spector, Todd McVeigh, Marat Fudim","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2025.29","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2025.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including obstructive and central sleep apnoea, is highly prevalent in heart failure (HF) and contributes to adverse outcomes. In-lab polysomnography is the diagnostic gold standard, but is limited by cost and accessibility. Home sleep apnoea testing (HSAT) offers an accessible alternative, but its accuracy in HF populations remains under evaluation. This review explores HSAT technologies, including peripheral arterial tonometry and respiratory inductance plethysmography, and their ability to detect SDB subtypes. Differentiating obstructive sleep apnoea from central sleep apnoea in HF is complicated by overlapping physiology, comorbidities, and fluid status. With further refinement, HSAT may improve access to timely diagnosis and management of SDB in HF, potentially enhancing outcomes in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"11 ","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12673496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}