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Cardiovascular Involvement in Fabry's Disease: New Advances in Diagnostic Strategies, Outcome Prediction and Management. 法布里病的心血管介入:诊断策略、预后预测和管理的新进展
Cardiac Failure Review Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2023.06
Emanuele Monda, Luigi Falco, Giuseppe Palmiero, Marta Rubino, Alessia Perna, Gaetano Diana, Federica Verrillo, Francesca Dongiglio, Annapaola Cirillo, Adelaide Fusco, Martina Caiazza, Giuseppe Limongelli
{"title":"Cardiovascular Involvement in Fabry's Disease: New Advances in Diagnostic Strategies, Outcome Prediction and Management.","authors":"Emanuele Monda,&nbsp;Luigi Falco,&nbsp;Giuseppe Palmiero,&nbsp;Marta Rubino,&nbsp;Alessia Perna,&nbsp;Gaetano Diana,&nbsp;Federica Verrillo,&nbsp;Francesca Dongiglio,&nbsp;Annapaola Cirillo,&nbsp;Adelaide Fusco,&nbsp;Martina Caiazza,&nbsp;Giuseppe Limongelli","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular involvement is common in Fabry's disease and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The research is focused on identifying diagnostic clues suggestive of cardiovascular involvement in the preclinical stage of the disease through clinical and imaging markers. Different pathophysiologically driven therapies are currently or will soon be available for the treatment of Fabry's disease, with the most significant benefit observed in the early stages of the disease. Thus, early diagnosis and risk stratification for adverse outcomes are crucial to determine when to start an aetiological treatment. This review describes the cardiovascular involvement in Fabry's disease, focusing on the advances in diagnostic strategies, outcome prediction and disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"9 ","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/26/cfr-09-e12.PMC10433112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imaging in Women with Heart Failure: Sex-specific Characteristics and Current Challenges. 女性心力衰竭患者的成像：性别特征与当前挑战。
IF 4.2
Cardiac Failure Review Pub Date : 2022-09-23 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2022.17
Isabella Leo, Eleni Nakou, Antonio de Marvao, Joyce Wong, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
{"title":"Imaging in Women with Heart Failure: Sex-specific Characteristics and Current Challenges.","authors":"Isabella Leo, Eleni Nakou, Antonio de Marvao, Joyce Wong, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2022.17","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a significant threat to women's health. Heart failure (HF) is one CVD that still has an increasing incidence and about half of all cases involve women. HF is characterised by strong sex-specific features in aetiology, clinical manifestation and outcomes. Women are more likely to have hypertensive heart disease and HF with preserved ejection fraction, they experience worse quality of life but have a better overall survival rate. Women's hearts also have unique morphological characteristics that should be considered during cardiovascular assessment. It is important to understand and highlight these sex-specific features to be able to provide a tailored diagnostic approach and therapeutic management. The aim of this article is to review these aspects together with the challenges and the unique characteristics of different imaging modalities used for the diagnosis and follow-up of women with HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"8 ","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dc/df/cfr-08-e29.PMC9585642.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9109799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microvascular Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Pathophysiology, Assessment, Prevalence and Prognosis. 射血分数保留型心力衰竭的微血管功能障碍：病理生理学、评估、发病率和预后。
IF 4.2
Cardiac Failure Review Pub Date : 2022-07-01 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2022.12
Joanna M Bilak, Uazman Alam, Christopher A Miller, Gerry P McCann, Jayanth R Arnold, Prathap Kanagala
{"title":"Microvascular Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Pathophysiology, Assessment, Prevalence and Prognosis.","authors":"Joanna M Bilak, Uazman Alam, Christopher A Miller, Gerry P McCann, Jayanth R Arnold, Prathap Kanagala","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2022.12","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) currently accounts for approximately half of all new heart failure cases in the community. HFpEF is closely associated with chronic lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, and clinical outcomes are worse in those with than without comorbidities. HFpEF is pathophysiologically distinct from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, which may explain, in part, the disparity of treatment options available between the two heart failure phenotypes. The mechanisms underlying HFpEF are complex, with coronary microvascular dysfunction (MVD) being proposed as a potential key driver in its pathophysiology. In this review, the authors highlight the evidence implicating MVD in HFpEF pathophysiology, the diagnostic approaches for identifying MVD (both invasive and non-invasive) and the prevalence and prognostic significance of MVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"8 ","pages":"e24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/f7/cfr-08-e24.PMC9274364.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9145119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In-hospital Initiation and Up-titration of Guideline-directed Medical Therapies for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. 指南指导的心力衰竭射血分数降低的药物治疗的医院内启动和上调。
IF 4.2
Cardiac Failure Review Pub Date : 2022-06-24 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2022.08
Zachary L Cox, Shuktika Nandkeolyar, Andrew J Johnson, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Aniket S Rali
{"title":"In-hospital Initiation and Up-titration of Guideline-directed Medical Therapies for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.","authors":"Zachary L Cox, Shuktika Nandkeolyar, Andrew J Johnson, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Aniket S Rali","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2022.08","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2022.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy for patients with heart failure is suboptimal. The use of guideline-directed medical therapy improves minimally after heart failure hospitalisation, despite this event clearly indicating increased risk of further hospitalisation and death. In-hospital initiation and titration of guideline-directed medical therapies is one potential strategy to fill these gaps in care, both in the acute vulnerable period after hospital discharge and in the long term. The purpose of this article is to review the knowledge gaps in best practices of in-hospital initiation and up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapies, the benefits and risks of in-hospital initiation and post-discharge focused titration of guideline-directed medical therapies, the recent literature evaluating these practices, and propose strategies to apply these principles to the care of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"8 ","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2d/3a/cfr-08-e21.PMC9253962.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10257026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical Utility of HeartLogic, a Multiparametric Telemonitoring System, in Heart Failure. HeartLogic是一种多参数远程监测系统，在心力衰竭中的临床应用。
Cardiac Failure Review Pub Date : 2022-04-21 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2021.35
Juan Carlos López-Azor, Noelia de la Torre, María Dolores García-Cosío Carmena, Pedro Caravaca Pérez, Catalina Munera, Irene MarcoClement, Rocío Cózar León, Jesús Álvarez-García, Marta Pachón, Fernando Arribas Ynsaurriaga, Rafael Salguero Bodes, Juan Francisco Delgado Jiménez, Javier de Juan Bagudá
{"title":"Clinical Utility of HeartLogic, a Multiparametric Telemonitoring System, in Heart Failure.","authors":"Juan Carlos López-Azor,&nbsp;Noelia de la Torre,&nbsp;María Dolores García-Cosío Carmena,&nbsp;Pedro Caravaca Pérez,&nbsp;Catalina Munera,&nbsp;Irene MarcoClement,&nbsp;Rocío Cózar León,&nbsp;Jesús Álvarez-García,&nbsp;Marta Pachón,&nbsp;Fernando Arribas Ynsaurriaga,&nbsp;Rafael Salguero Bodes,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Delgado Jiménez,&nbsp;Javier de Juan Bagudá","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2021.35","DOIUrl":"10.15420/cfr.2021.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Telemonitoring through multiple variables measured on cardiac devices has the potential to improve the follow-up of patients with heart failure. The HeartLogic algorithm (Boston Scientific), implemented in some implantable cardiac defibrillators and cardiac resynchronisation therapy, allows monitoring of the nocturnal heart rate, respiratory movements, thoracic impedance, physical activity and the intensity of heart tones, with the aim of predicting major clinical events. Although HeartLogic has demonstrated high sensitivity for the detection of heart failure decompensations, its effects on hospitalisation and mortality in randomised clinical trials has not yet been corroborated. This review details how the HeartLogic algorithm works, compiles available evidence from clinical studies, and discusses its application in daily clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"8 ","pages":"e13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ee/e5/cfr-08-e13.PMC9062709.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10615623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Polypharmacy in Older People With Heart Failure: Roles of the Geriatrician and Pharmacist. 老年心力衰竭患者的综合用药:老年医学专家和药剂师的角色。
Cardiac Failure Review Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2022.14
Maria Stefil, Matthew Dixon, Jameela Bahar, Schabnam Saied, Knievel Mashida, Olivia Heron, Eduard Shantsila, Lauren Walker, Asangaedem Akpan, Gregory Yh Lip, Rajiv Sankaranarayanan
{"title":"Polypharmacy in Older People With Heart Failure: Roles of the Geriatrician and Pharmacist.","authors":"Maria Stefil,&nbsp;Matthew Dixon,&nbsp;Jameela Bahar,&nbsp;Schabnam Saied,&nbsp;Knievel Mashida,&nbsp;Olivia Heron,&nbsp;Eduard Shantsila,&nbsp;Lauren Walker,&nbsp;Asangaedem Akpan,&nbsp;Gregory Yh Lip,&nbsp;Rajiv Sankaranarayanan","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) is a common health condition that typically affects older adults. Many people with HF are cared for on an inpatient basis, by noncardiologists, such as acute medical physicians, geriatricians and other physicians. Treatment options for HF are ever increasing, and adherence to guidelines for prognostic therapy contributes to polypharmacy, which is very familiar to clinicians who care for older people. This article explores the recent trials in both HF with reduced ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction and the limitations of international guidance in their management with respect to older people. In addition, this article discusses the challenge of managing polypharmacy in those with advanced age, and the importance of involving a geriatrician and pharmacist in the HF multidisciplinary team to provide a holistic and person-centred approach to optimisation of HF therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"8 ","pages":"e34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/55/cfr-08-e34.PMC9987511.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9076040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Impact of Frailty and Comorbidities on Heart Failure Outcomes 虚弱和合并症对心力衰竭结果的影响
Cardiac Failure Review Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2021.29
Thomas Salmon, H. Essa, B. Tajik, M. Isanejad, Asangaedem Akpan, R. Sankaranarayanan
{"title":"The Impact of Frailty and Comorbidities on Heart Failure Outcomes","authors":"Thomas Salmon, H. Essa, B. Tajik, M. Isanejad, Asangaedem Akpan, R. Sankaranarayanan","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2021.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2021.29","url":null,"abstract":"Frailty is a multisystemic process leading to reduction of physiological reserve and a reduction in physical activity. Heart failure (HF) is recognised as a global cause of morbidity and mortality, increasing in prevalence over recent decades. Because of shared phenotypes and comorbidities, there is significant overlap and a bidirectional relationship, with frail patients being at increased risk of developing HF and vice versa. Despite this, frailty is not routinely assessed in patients with HF. Identification of these patients to direct multidisciplinary care is key, and the development of a frailty assessment tool validated in a large HF population is also an unmet need that would be of considerable benefit in directing multidisciplinary-team management. Non-pharmacological treatment should be included, as exercise and physical rehabilitation programmes offer dual benefit in frail HF patients, by treating both conditions simultaneously. The evidence for nutritional supplementation is mixed, but there is evidence that a personalised approach to nutritional support in frail HF patients can improve outcomes.","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48101975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Mechanical Circulatory Support for Right Ventricular Failure 机械循环支持右心衰竭
Cardiac Failure Review Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2021.11
E. DeFilippis, V. Topkara, A. Kirtane, K. Takeda, Y. Naka, A. Garan
{"title":"Mechanical Circulatory Support for Right Ventricular Failure","authors":"E. DeFilippis, V. Topkara, A. Kirtane, K. Takeda, Y. Naka, A. Garan","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"Right ventricular (RV) failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with in-hospital mortality rates estimated as high as 70–75%. RV failure may occur following cardiac surgery in conjunction with left ventricular failure, or may be isolated in certain circumstances, such as inferior MI with RV infarction, pulmonary embolism or following left ventricular assist device placement. Medical management includes volume optimisation and inotropic and vasopressor support, and a subset of patients may benefit from mechanical circulatory support for persistent RV failure. Increasingly, percutaneous and surgical mechanical support devices are being used for RV failure. Devices for isolated RV support include percutaneous options, such as micro-axial flow pumps and extracorporeal centrifugal flow RV assist devices, surgically implanted RV assist devices and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In this review, the authors discuss the indications, candidate selection, strategies and outcomes of mechanical circulatory support for RV failure.","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41391335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Clinical and Haemodynamic Effects of Arteriovenous Shunts in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction 保留射血分数的心力衰竭患者动静脉分流的临床和血液动力学影响
Cardiac Failure Review Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2021.12
Medhat Soliman, N. Attallah, Houssam K. Younes, Woo Sup Park, F. Bader
{"title":"Clinical and Haemodynamic Effects of Arteriovenous Shunts in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","authors":"Medhat Soliman, N. Attallah, Houssam K. Younes, Woo Sup Park, F. Bader","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"The arteriovenous shunt (AVS) is the most commonly used vascular access in patients receiving regular haemodialysis. The AVS may have a significant haemodynamic impact on patients with heart failure. Many studies have sought to understand the effect of AVS creation or closure on heart structure and functions, most of which use non-invasive methods, such as echocardiography or cardiac MRI. Data are mainly focused on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and there are limited data on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The presence of an AVS has a significant haemodynamic impact on the cardiovascular system and it is a common cause of high-output cardiac failure. Given that most studies to date use non-invasive methods, invasive assessment of the haemodynamic effects of the AVS using a right heart catheter may provide additional valuable information.","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42421083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Is It Time to Call 'Code Blue' on Nursing Infrastructure? A Nurse's Perspective from the COVID-19 Front-line. 护理基础设施是时候发出“蓝色警报”了吗?COVID-19一线护士的视角。
Cardiac Failure Review Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2022.18
Katie Caldwell, Alan Moore, Taylor Rali
{"title":"Is It Time to Call 'Code Blue' on Nursing Infrastructure? A Nurse's Perspective from the COVID-19 Front-line.","authors":"Katie Caldwell,&nbsp;Alan Moore,&nbsp;Taylor Rali","doi":"10.15420/cfr.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the significance of every role within the interdisciplinary team and has exacerbated the challenges posed to every member. From the nursing perspective, many of these challenges were present before the pandemic but have become significantly larger problems that continue to demand global attention. This has provided an opportunity to critically evaluate and learn from the challenges the pandemic has both highlighted and created. We conclude that the nursing infrastructure requires a revolution in order to support, grow and retain nurses, who are vital to the delivery of high-quality healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":33741,"journal":{"name":"Cardiac Failure Review","volume":"8 ","pages":"e35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/41/e9/cfr-08-e35.PMC9987510.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9076037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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