{"title":"Hydrogen Bond Network-Enhanced Zincophilic Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Hybrid Layer for an Ultra-Stable Zinc Metal Anode","authors":"Yi Huang, Zhenjie Liu, Chuang Jiang, Qingxi Hou, Wei Liu, Zhe Hu, Bowen Cheng","doi":"10.1002/cey2.70088","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As an earth-abundant and natural biopolymer, cellulose has received significant attention in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to its inherent sustainability and non-toxicity, aligning perfectly with the core advantages of AZIBs. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of cellulose-based materials is limited by their intrinsically low ionic conductivity. Herein, we introduce a novel zincophilic artificial protective layer by strategically hybridizing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) with zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate on a zinc metal anode (HZ@Zn). Characterization and calculations demonstrate that the multi-hydroxyl architecture of HPC constructs hydrogen bond networks, whereas the Zn<sup>2+</sup>-coordinated HPC domains function as preferential nucleation sites for zinc deposition. These interactions collectively enhance ion transport and accelerate desolvation kinetics. Additionally, the hybrid layer's mechanical flexibility and interfacial adhesion ensure the integrity of the artificial protective layer during long cycling. Thanks to this synergistic effect, HZ@Zn shows exceptional electrochemical performance, including a low desolvation activation energy of 14.38 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> and ultra-long cycling stability. Symmetric cells demonstrate exceptional longevity, exceeding 9,500 h at 0.5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>/0.25 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>, whereas HZ@Zn‖PANI full cells maintain 89.8% capacity retention after 4000 cycles at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>. This study establishes biopolymers as versatile platforms for effectively stabilizing the zinc metal anode.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fe-Facilitated Deep Reconstruction of Ni3S2 Toward Superior Oxygen Evolution","authors":"Zhihang Liu, Congcong Yang, Ruixi Jin, Shilei Li, Jingshuo Liu, Jian Li, Ran Yin, Xiang Chi, Yihuang Chen, Likun Gao","doi":"10.1002/cey2.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The advancement of effective and stable non-precious metal-based catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) with a low-cost and simple technique is essential for the practical application of rechargeable zinc–air battery (ZAB). However, facilitating the deep reconstruction of electrocatalysts to form active species remains a significant challenge. Here, a simple two-step method composed of impregnation and carbonization process is proposed to synthesize N, S co-doped microcrystalline cellulose-derived carbon-supported nickel sulfide (Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles. The in situ Raman reveals that Fe substitution promotes the reconstruction of Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>, accompanied by the cleavage of the Ni–S bond, leading to the deep reconstruction into (Ni,Fe)OOH (DR-(Ni,Fe)OOH) during the OER. Moreover, density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution induces a downshift in the energy band structure, which lowers the energy barriers and thereby improves the kinetics of the OER. The generated DR-(Ni,Fe)OOH delivers a relatively low overpotential of 260 mV and superior durability for 50 h under OER condition. The ZAB incorporating DR-(Ni,Fe)OOH + Pt/C as the air cathode demonstrates superior efficiency and durability, achieving a peak power density of 188.3 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>, a specific capacity of 811.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, and long-term stability exceeding 200 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electronic Modulation of Pt Nanoparticles Induced by Defective TiN Promotes Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution","authors":"Meiyue Li, Jinzheng Liu, Yue Wang, Zhiwei Liang, Lixue Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cey2.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Regulating the microenvironment of the support enables precise control of electronic metal–support interactions (EMSI), boosting better catalytic activity of the metal species. However, the fundamental relationship between support defect-induced EMSI modulation and the resulting catalytic performance enhancement still needs further elucidation. Herein, a nonequilibrium high-temperature shock (HTS) method, which combines rapid high-temperature heating at 1273 K for 30 s with liquid nitrogen quenching, was adopted to load uniform Pt nanoparticles onto the nitrogen vacancy-rich TiN support (Pt@TiN-V<sub>N</sub>). The catalyst demonstrates a high mass activity of 15.99 A mg<sub>Pt</sub><sup>−1</sup> at an overpotential of 100 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic solution and exhibits long-term stability for 60 h at 200 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Detailed spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the generated nitrogen vacancies can effectively modulate the charge transfer between Pt nanoparticles and the TiN-V<sub>N</sub> support, leading to a downshifted d-band center of metallic Pt and optimized Pt–H bond strength. This nonequilibrium HTS approach offers new and valuable insights into designing advanced electrocatalysts by harnessing substrate defects to modulate the electronic states of loaded noble metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ZIF-Derived Co@Fe-P Electrocatalyst With Core-Shell Structure for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Hongyu Gong, Henghui Chen, Wanghuan Duan, Yandi Rao, Ailing Song, Xiaorui Wang, Jing Wang, Yaru Zhang, Tifeng Jiao","doi":"10.1002/cey2.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rational design of non-noble electrocatalysts with high performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) still remains a challenge. In this study, a ZIF-derived electrocatalyst (Co@Fe-P) with a core-shell structure is designed by using Co-compounds as the core and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mtext>PO</mtext>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>4</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> decorated Fe-compounds as the shell. The inner Co-core and outer Fe-shell are connected through Co─O─Fe and Fe─O─P linkage. The Co@Fe-P electrocatalyst exhibits an enhanced performance for OER with a low overpotential (280 mV), low Tafel slope (41.9 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>) at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, and a 60-h durability. The electron transfer from the CoOOH-core to the FeOOH-shell is greatly facilitated, which improves the OER activity of Co@Fe-P kinetically. Theoretical calculations indicate that the interaction of Co─O─Fe and Fe─O─P in Co@Fe-P reduces the overlap between the O 2p and Fe 3d orbitals, which greatly facilitates the transformation from *OH to *O during the OER process via the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) pathway. This finding provides insight for the design of efficient electrocatalysts for OER.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators With Rotating Structure","authors":"Chuguo Zhang, Chunxu Xue, Yutong Chen, Yujie Qiang, Seeram Ramakrishna","doi":"10.1002/cey2.70113","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a type of emerging electro-mechanical conversion technology, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were widely applied in high-entropy energy harvesting, Internet of Things sensing, and biomedical fields due to the characteristics of lightweight, cheap, and high voltage. Among them, the rotating TENG has been extensively researched for its advantages, such as high-precision electrical signals, high electro-mechanical conversion efficiency, and effective output power. In this paper, the working mechanisms of four different rotating TENG modes were introduced in detail. Subsequently, a large amount of research works on the strengthening performance of rotating TENGs were comprehensively introduced and summarized by three gradient classifications. In addition, in view of the many applications of rotating TENGs, they were also systematically divided and generalized into three dimensions. Finally, the problems as well as challenges faced by the current rotating TENG research in the above 16 specific research directions were deeply analyzed, and the possible development directions and the solutions to the above problems were reasonably prospected in the next years. This review hopes to effectively promote the progress of rotating TENG on the road to commercialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydroxyl Self-Trapping Strategy Enables Electrocatalysis at Ampere-Level Current Densities: Kinetics-Driven Lattice Oxygen Activation for Cl−-Rich Alkaline Water Electrooxidation","authors":"Rui Liu, Hui Kan, Xiangdong Ma, Shan Yue, Jiayi Gao, Mingjing Zhao, Haijiao Xie, Xiaohong Xia","doi":"10.1002/cey2.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of electrocatalysts that both work effectively at industrial current density and resist chloride ion (Cl<sup>−</sup>) corrosion remains a key challenge for hydrogen production from Cl<sup>-</sup>-rich alkaline water. Herein, we report a CrO<sub><i>x</i></sub>-engineered nickel-based oxide catalyst (FeCoCrO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/NF) that achieves exceptional activity and stability through a dual-functional interfacial mechanism. Combing in situ Raman spectroscopy, <sup>18</sup>O isotopic labeling, and electrochemical analysis, we demonstrate that the oxygen evolution reaction follows a lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism. The CrO<sub><i>x</i></sub> layer selectively adsorbs hydroxide ions, forming a dynamic interfacial barrier that electrostatically repels Cl<sup>−</sup> ingress, thereby mitigating Cl<sup>-</sup> corrosion. Through enthalpy-based analysis, we demonstrate that electronic redistribution via Cr–O–Fe bonding increases the vacancy formation energy of Fe, thereby suppressing its dissolution. In alkaline electrolyte containing 0.5 M Cl<sup>−</sup> (1.0 M KOH), the catalyst is operating continuously for 1400 h at an industrial current density of 1000 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Furthermore, the catalyst retains 99.5% of its initial activity under fluctuating current density (100–1000 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>), demonstrating robustness required for industrial electrolyzers. This study establishes a paradigm for designing corrosion-resistant electrocatalysts through the synergistic modulation of interfacial ion selectivity and bulk lattice oxygen activation, advancing the application of green hydrogen production in Cl<sup>−</sup>-rich alkaline water.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pt–Ti Coordination at Oxygen Vacancies Activates Single-Atom Catalysis for Broad-pH Hydrogen Evolution","authors":"Qing Zhang, Ding Yuan, Kepeng Song, Riming Hu, Cong Liu, Haishun Jiang, Mingjia Jiang, Jingjing Wu, Dingsheng Wang, Shi Xue Dou, Yuhai Dou","doi":"10.1002/cey2.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Defect engineering serves as a cornerstone in the design of high-efficiency single-atom catalysts (SACs) for advanced electrocatalytic systems. This study demonstrates oxygen vacancy-induced near-zero-valent Pt SACs anchored on TiO<sub>2</sub> for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Synchrotron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation reveal that oxygen vacancies create unconventional Pt–Ti coordination while strengthening electronic metal-support interactions. This facilitates substantial electron transfer from TiO<sub>2</sub> to Pt, generating a near-zero-valent Pt state with elevated electron density. The modified electronic structure lowers the Pt d-band center, reducing hydrogen intermediate (*H) adsorption energy and optimizing HER kinetics. Moreover, ab initio molecular dynamics and in situ Raman spectra show that the negative charge accumulated at the Pt site promotes K<sup>+</sup> enrichment at the interface, which enhances H–OH bond polarization and accelerates water dissociation kinetics. The resulting D-TiO<sub>2</sub>/Pt SACs exhibit superior HER activity across acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions, achieving low overpotentials of 40, 57, and 60 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, respectively. Additionally, its mass activities at the overpotential of 100 mV are 10.3, 33.9, and 20.9 times higher that of Pt/C, respectively. This study shows the key role of defect-mediated electronic engineering in tailoring SACs' valence states and catalytic functions, advancing sustainable hydrogen production through rational catalyst design.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon EnergyPub Date : 2026-02-23Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1002/cey2.70137
Ruslan Usmanov, Alexander Pozdnyakov
{"title":"A Review on Applications and Challenges of Fullerenes in Proton Exchange Membranes","authors":"Ruslan Usmanov, Alexander Pozdnyakov","doi":"10.1002/cey2.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clean energy devices have the potential to change the world and avoid future energy crises. The development of new energy-efficient technologies helps reduce our dependence on limited fossil fuel resources. Hydrogen energy is the key to achieving clean energy transition goals. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells play a critical role. Research and development of new high-tech proton exchange membranes (PEMs) provide new horizons for the development of hydrogen energy. The use of carbon nanomaterials to improve PEM efficiency is one of the modern trends. The modification of modern membranes with fullerenes and their derivatives is an innovative strategy for increasing proton conductivity. This paper discusses the key principles of proton transport in PEMs modified with individual fullerenols, sulfofullerenes, carboxylated fullerenes, phosphofullerenes, and cianohydrofullerenes. The introduction of fullerene nanoparticles into polymer PEM induces an improvement in key properties. Summary information covers existing research on the use of fullerenes as nanoscale modifiers of proton-conducting materials. This review will help researchers to surpass the achieved results in the field of modern proton-conducting materials and stimulate the development of hydrogen energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnetic-Field Modulation of Na3V2(PO4)3 Crystal Orientation for Enhanced Sodium-Ion Battery Performance","authors":"Pengcheng Wang, Xuqi Lin, Houlin Cheng, Ciqi Yuan, Yongping Zheng, Yingbin Lin, Zhigao Huang, Hao Chen, Jiaxin Li","doi":"10.1002/cey2.70144","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (NVP) is a promising electrode material that exhibits magnetic anisotropy; however, the potential of this magnetic anisotropy to optimize battery performance has been largely unexplored. This study proposes a cost-effective and efficient method to induce the alignment of NVP along the (113) crystal plane by applying a vertical magnetic field during the slurry coating process, thereby enhancing its battery performance. Comprehensive structural characterizations and theoretical analysis elucidate the structure-activity relationship between the preferred crystal orientation and ion transport kinetics, facilitating the formation of more ordered Na<sup>+</sup> deintercalation pathways in NVP electrodes. This alignment reduces electrode tortuosity, enhances interfacial compatibility, and substantially improves battery performance, particularly in terms of high-rate cycling capability. As a result, the magnetic-field-modulated NVP (NVP−M⊥) electrode exhibits a high capacity retention of 85.1% after 500 cycles at 5 C, significantly surpassing that of the pristine electrode. The NVP−M⊥ electrode also demonstrates considerable reversible capacity at 40 C and maintains excellent stability under high temperature and prolonged cycling conditions. Furthermore, superior battery performance is observed in the assembled NVP−M⊥||hard−carbon pouch cell and commercial NVP electrode following magnetic-field modulation, thereby validating the efficacy of this method. Consequently, this magnetic-field-induced crystal-orientation optimization strategy provides an innovative approach for low-cost and high-throughput preparation of high-performance sodium-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cey2.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon EnergyPub Date : 2026-02-23Epub Date: 2025-12-07DOI: 10.1002/cey2.70127
Yuxuan Meng, Yuefan Tuo, Yao Xue, Xiaofeng Yan, Zhengkun Luo, Qianrui Yang, Stanislav Chernyshikhin, Yilong Yan, Meng Lin, Yufei Zhao, Xianguang Meng
{"title":"Entropy-Controlled Exsolution of Highly Dispersed Nickel-Based Active Metals From Spinel Oxide via Optimizing Metal-Support Interaction for Dry Reforming of Methane","authors":"Yuxuan Meng, Yuefan Tuo, Yao Xue, Xiaofeng Yan, Zhengkun Luo, Qianrui Yang, Stanislav Chernyshikhin, Yilong Yan, Meng Lin, Yufei Zhao, Xianguang Meng","doi":"10.1002/cey2.70127","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cey2.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sintering and coking are critical barriers to achieving high performance in dry reforming of methane (DRM) catalysts. A finely dispersed and thermostable Ni-based catalyst is the key to address these issues. By leveraging the intrinsic superiorities of high-entropy oxides in high-temperature stability and low atomic diffusivity, in this study, a highly dispersed Ni-based catalyst is synthesized via an entropy-controlled exsolution of active components. By increasing the number of transition-metal elements in spinel oxides, the active metal-support interaction (MSI) can be continuously strengthened, which controls the exsolution and thermal stability of Ni-based active metal in harsh reaction conditions of DRM. An optimized medium-entropy spinel (Mg<sub>0.4</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Zn<sub>0.2</sub>)Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with the exsolution of finely dispersed Ni–Co nanoparticles displayed superior activity and stability in thermal DRM at 800°C and photothermal DRM. This entropy-controlled MSI and exsolution principle provides a significant strategy for designing robust catalysts resistant to sintering and coking for high-temperature reactions like DRM in thermal and photothermal systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.70127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}