The Journal of Transport History最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: A Mighty Fine Road: A History of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company by H. Roger Grant","authors":"Thomas C. Cornillie","doi":"10.1177/00225266211055561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211055561","url":null,"abstract":"larly easy read as it leans heavily on theory and frequently feels unnecessarily complex and verbose; as is the way of many mobilities texts, there were many obtusely worded sentences that make the field a tough one for new scholars and interested parties to enter. With more of a historical consideration it could have gone further to fill an evident gap for cultural histories of air travel alongside texts like Michael Paris’ From the Wright Brothers to “Top Gun”: Aviation and Popular Cinema, or A Bowdoin Van Riper’s Imagining Flight: Aviation and Popular Culture, both of which balance cultural and historical analysis effectively. Nonetheless, Durante has written a love letter to both aviation and fiction, merging the two together seamlessly and extrapolating some relatable and hard-hitting conceptions about what it means to be “cloud people” living within the imaginary of the Airworld.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123228973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Assembling Moral Mobilities. Cycling, Cities, and the Common Good by Nicholas A. Scott","authors":"P. Cox","doi":"10.1177/00225266211056435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211056435","url":null,"abstract":"road construction projects in the United States, resulted in the Powder River Basinâ s mines becoming the countryâ s largest by the 2000s. Their highly sought-after low-sulfur coal helped Midwestern and Northeastern utilities meet 1970s national policy goals for energy independence and reduced acid rain. Both books offer notable insights into post-1970 railroading, which is rarely mentioned at all in academic literature and never with the depth of analysis offered by Currie. Particularly notable are the chapters that examine labor protection agreements negotiated in advance of the 1970 merger, as well as their subsequent evolution. Even though Currie held a senior position within the organization, his detailed approach succeeds in presenting a balanced perspective of labor-management relations and the agency with which both sides were able to shape outcomes. His careful consideration of labor issues—especially the form and function of union negotiations and labor agreements—is without parallel in other histories of post-WWII American railroads. Additionally, several chapters discuss the Burlington Northern’s management of land and resource holdings, many of which originated in 19th-century land grants from the federal government. The use of lands received by railroads in land grants was a controversial issue in the mid-20th century, and the post-WWII impact of these resources on the course of corporation evolution is rarely mentioned, let alone critically examined historically. Currie’s explanation of resource management within shifting market pressures provides a broader view for exploring changes in corporate culture and their impact on railroad operations. These three books are important contributions to the study of American railroad history. A Mighty Fine Road presents a complex history of the storied Rock Island in a single volume. I expect this will be a frequently cited work for scholars looking at railroads in the development of the Great Plains and post–WWII railroad bankruptcies. Currie’s histories of the Burlington Northern are perhaps the most notable contributions to the study of American railroads after 1970. The detailed, nuanced analysis will facilitate future works drawing comparisons across industries and international contexts— especially the modernization and liberalization of state monopolies.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"514 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133634213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next Stop, Ruzyně International Airport: The Czech Philharmonic Orchestra and its Tours Abroad in the 1970s and 1980s","authors":"L. Marková","doi":"10.1177/00225266211033529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211033529","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra's tours abroad in the 1970s and 1980s and analyses them as an example of the interconnection between transport and political history. The study contributes to the issue of the state's and Communist party's ideological and cultural interests to send cultural “ambassadors” abroad (such people served as representatives of the socialist system in the world). The article reflects the issue not only from the regime's perspective; the author also focuses on the main aspects of the journeys perceived from the point of view of the individual travellers (modes of transport, tour experiences or purchase of goods abroad). The text relies mainly on oral history interviews with musicians and a wide range of archival sources.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129468041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Sailing School: Navigating Science and Skill, 1550–1800 by Margaret E. Schotte","authors":"Phillip Reid","doi":"10.1177/00225266211057210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211057210","url":null,"abstract":"political and historical contextualisation, with a number of consequences. First, it tends to generate dauntingly long books and chapters, with Globalizing Automobilism coming in at 666 pages, and the largest chapters (1 and 3) coming in at just under 180 pages each. Second, constant contextualisation tends to break up the flow of the text, and whereas in some monographs this can occur in an introduction or scene-setting chapter, this is not easily done in such extensive multi-national or trans-national studies. The result is that I frequently lost the thread of the overall argument in Globalizing Automobilism, and the narrative frequently strays from automobility to discuss the context to particular topics. Third, comparative studies have a tendency to try and be exhaustive, covering every empirical angle, and yet at the same time they have to skim the surface, focussing on breadth at the expense of depth. In summary, proponents of comparative mobility histories – particularly automobility histories – will find Globalizing Automobilism very useful for understanding the role of the car in different societies in the twentieth century, and it provides an excellent companion to Mom’s earlier book Atlantic Automobilism. Unfortunately, due to the cost, I suspect that it is more likely to be ordered for libraries than by individual scholars, but you do get a lot of pages for your money.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"124 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129645967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business Travels and Cold War mobilities","authors":"V. Fava, L. Krátká","doi":"10.1177/00225266211045468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211045468","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades, the humanities and social sciences have confronted themselves with the need to account for the increasing mobility of people and goods. In 2017, following a debate that Gijs Mom had initiated more than a decade before, Massimo Moraglio, as the new editor of The Journal of Transport History, voiced the need for a new ontology for transport history to enable it to adopt mobilities as analytical lenses linking historical research on transport, which had long focused on the development of technologies and the economic function of transport, with a new awareness of the multiple experiences of traveling and the social and cultural nature of movement. The articles in this special issue, focusing on business travels, are situated at the crossroads of the disciplines and approaches that have characterized historical research on transportation and mobility to this day, and contribute to the ongoing debate about the future of transport history.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124269854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Europe's disintegrative moment: Transportation and borders in Silesia during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919","authors":"A. Park","doi":"10.1177/00225266211047314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211047314","url":null,"abstract":"In 1919 the Paris Peace Conference met to remake the world following the First World War. Among the most serious problems faced was the collapse of the multinational empires which once dominated central and eastern Europe, and the emergence of new successor states with unrecognised and overlapping borders. This fragmentation produced chaotic economic conditions as borders were frequently closed without warning, and the passage of goods and people consequently halted, delayed, or diverted. The peacemakers in Paris dispatched allied commissions in an attempt to resolve these problems. Using the files of several bodies sent to former Habsburg Silesia, this article elaborates on what this disintegrative moment meant for the region and its people. The turbulent events were not easily forgotten, and fostered visions of revenge, as well as European unity. One hundred years on and they still remain as an important historical reference point.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123038523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Unlocking the World: Post Cities and Globalization in the Age of Steam, 1830–1930 by John Darwin","authors":"Oliver Betts","doi":"10.1177/00225266211050150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211050150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127481007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Globalizing Automobilism: Exuberance and the Emergence of Layered Mobility, 1900–1980 by Mom Gijs","authors":"P. Merriman","doi":"10.1177/00225266211042230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211042230","url":null,"abstract":"Americans and Japanese immigrants, to illustrate how spatial divisions between the two groups reinforced notions of racial difference. The third chapter considers housing campaigns and debates over immigration policy that represented ethnic Mexicans as both permanent settlers and “birds of passage” that would naturally return to Mexico after each harvest. These contradictory discourses eased the tensions between local agriculturalists’ labor needs and federal concerns over immigration in the 1920s. The fourth chapter turns to Mexican immigrant and Mexican American automotive practices, employing a cultural studies lens to reveal how the policing of Latino drivers during the Depression contributed to the perception of driving as a white, middle-class activity despite widespread automobile use by Mexican farmworkers. The fifth chapter addresses a paradox in the suburbs of Los Angeles in the mid-twentieth century. While Latinos and African Americans were able to achieve a degree of social mobility through residential mobility, the expansion of prisons in the region enforced the immobility of surplus workers of color. The final chapter shows how Route 66, a popular tourist highway and regional heritage project, operated in the 1990s as a racial project through the manufacture of nostalgia for mid-twentieth White migration and the erasure of the region’s multiracial residents. To support its argument, the book engages with a broad range of sources, including maps, photographs, song lyrics, radio shows, oral histories, municipal legal codes, local newspapers, and Congressional hearings. These sources contribute new perspectives on the history of mobility in the United States. In contrast to previous research in this area, which has largely elided analyses of race in relation to mobility, Carpio introduces readers to the cultural history of bicycle and automobile use among Asians and Latinos. The author, moreover, includes the racialization of Anglo Americans in their analysis, contributing valuable insight into the relationship between mobility and whiteness in the United States. Despite the centrality of mobility to constructions of the United States as a nation, the insights in Collisions at the Crossroads may indeed be applied to other contexts where the mobility of one social group is advanced at the expense of the mobility of other groups. Carpio’s attention to people’s everyday negotiations with the structures that govern mobility will be of interest to historians of colonial and postcolonial mobility, to cultural historians of bicycles, automobiles, and highways, and to historians of migration, space, and place.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133631667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tony goes out into the world: The official travels abroad of the President of Czechoslovakia, Antonín Novotný (1953–68)","authors":"Pavel Mücke","doi":"10.1177/00225266211031465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211031465","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term First Secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party and later also President of the Republic, Antonín Novotný (1904–75), was popularly known as “Nice Tony”. As a communist politician and statesman, Novotný was well known as a great disciple and follower of Soviet leader Nikita S. Khrushchev, famous for his personal and very contact-oriented diplomacy. The main contours of several of Novotný's official visits have already been analysed from political and diplomatic history perspectives. Based on archival research and available memoirs, this article tries to reconstruct the still non-visible and unknown view of transport history and, consequently, traveling and tourism history. It outlines the general contours and several aspects of V.I.P. communists’ international travels on the cases of several trips abroad which took place during the 1950s and 1960s of the Cold War era.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116428250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The naturalisation of nineteenth-century German Railways as depicted in visual discourse","authors":"Zef M. Segal","doi":"10.1177/00225266211031177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00225266211031177","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the dramatic effect of the railway age on the natural surroundings, it was not seen necessarily as destructive to nature. Railways were both the epitome of progress as well as integral features in pastoral landscapes. This seemingly paradoxical perception of railways is partially explained by historicising the “naturalisation” of the German train system. This article describes the rapid transformation of the German train from a symbol of dynamic industrialisation to an integral part of the landscape. Visual images, such as lithographs and postcards, were the catalysts in this process. Railway companies, local elites and travel guide publishers promoted the process of “naturalisation” for economic reasons, but the iconography was a result of visual discourse in nineteenth-century German culture. This paper shows that unlike American, British and French depictions of railways, German artists portrayed a railway system, which rather than conquering nature, was blending peacefully into an existing natural landscape.","PeriodicalId":336494,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Transport History","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121867772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}