Sports Medicine and Health Science最新文献

{"title":"Influence of puberty on high intensity exercise induced skeletal muscle damage and inflammatory response in sedentary boys","authors":"Biswajit Chaki,&nbsp;Sangita Pal,&nbsp;Sreya Chattopadhyay,&nbsp;Amit Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation examined the influence of age and pubertal transition on magnitude of muscle damage and inflammatory response following high intensity incremental treadmill running till volitional exhaustion in sixty-four sedentary prepubertal (<em>n</em> ​= ​32) and postpubertal (<em>n</em> ​= ​32) boys who were randomly recruited in the study. Muscle damage and inflammatory markers like creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotranferase (AST), C–Reactive Protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL–6) were estimated before and after exercise. Serum CK, LDH, AST, ALT, CRP and IL–6 levels significantly increased after exercise in both the groups in comparison to respective pre–exercise values. Although CK, LDH, CRP and IL–6 responses were significantly higher in postpubertal boys, no intergroup variation was noted in post-exercise ALT activity. Age and body mass index (BMI) had significant positive correlation with post-exercise CK, LDH, AST, CRP, and IL–6 levels. Muscle injury and inflammation were significantly higher in postpubertal boys, suggesting a rise in these responses as a function of age and muscle mass during onset of puberty. Post–exercise release pattern of ALT was not influenced by age and puberty. Data also revealed that concentric endurance exercise did not induce extensive muscle damage and inflammation in both the groups. Drastic elevation in IL–6 level despite lower muscle damage implied that this marker was released from contracting muscle fibers independent of muscle damage and acute inflammation. The magnitude of this post–exercise IL–6 release increased as a function of age and BMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 116-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defecation after magnesium supplementation enhances cognitive performance in triathletes","authors":"Chen-Chan Wei ,&nbsp;M. Brennan Harris ,&nbsp;Mengxin Ye ,&nbsp;Andrew Nicholls ,&nbsp;Ahmad Alkhatib ,&nbsp;Luthfia Dewi ,&nbsp;Chih-Yang Huang ,&nbsp;Chia-Hua Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constipation is correlated with diminished cognitive function, revealing a possible rectum-brain connection. In this counter-balanced crossover trial, 13 elite triathletes underwent a Stroop test to assess cognitive function and executive control. The Stroop test was conducted both with and without magnesium oxide intake, with a 1-week washout period between sessions. Oxygenation and blood distribution during the cognitive challenge were measured using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Measurements were taken in both the prefrontal brain and the sub-navel region, where the highest glucose uptake was detected under the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan. A significant reduction in completion time for the Stroop test was observed after defecation compared to the non-defecated condition (non-defecation: [27.1 ​± ​1.1] s; non-magnesium defecation: [24.4 ​± ​0.9] s; magnesium defecation: [23.4 ​± ​0.8] s, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Stroop test performance was improved in all (100%, 13/13) of the participants after magnesium-induced defecation and most (69%, 9/13) of the participants after non-magnesium-induced defecation. While no alterations in oxygenation and blood distribution were observed in the prefrontal brain during the Stroop test, decreased oxygenation levels were observed in the sub-navel region under both defecated conditions, without significant changes in blood distribution (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). This data suggests an acute increase in oxygen consumption at this specific region. The result of this study suggests an unexplored causal link between the state of the rectum and cognitive performance. Magnesium supplementation to improved rectal emptying presents a novel application for optimizing cognitive function in athletes navigating intricate racing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 102-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140763769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of adipokines in exercise-induced inhibition of tumor growth","authors":"Yu Qian ,&nbsp;Zhenglong Bu ,&nbsp;Yang Qin ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Qian ,&nbsp;Lu Qin ,&nbsp;Siqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Qingda Wang ,&nbsp;Longjun Xian ,&nbsp;Lei Hu ,&nbsp;Yimei Xiong ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of exercise prescriptions into cancer adjuvant therapy presents challenges stemming from the ambiguity surrounding the precise mechanism through which exercise intervention mitigates the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality and recurrence. Elucidation of this specific mechanism has substantial social and clinical implications. In this study, tumor-bearing mice engaged in voluntary wheel running exhibited a notable decrease in tumor growth, exceeding 30%. Microarray analysis revealed an upregulation of cytokine-related pathways as a potential explanation for this effect. The inclusion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was found to enhance tumor cell proliferation, while the absence of GM-CSF resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor cell growth. The findings suggest that exercise-induced serum from mice can impede the proliferation of mouse tumor cells, with the adipokine chemerin inhibiting the growth factor GM-CSF. Additionally, exercise was found to stimulate chemerin secretion by brown adipose tissue. Chemerin suppression led to a reduction in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. The results of this study suggest that exercise may stimulate the release of adipokines from brown adipose tissue, transport them through the blood to the distant tumor microenvironment, and downregulate GM-CSF expression, alleviating tumor immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, thereby inhibiting at HCC progression. These findings provide a theoretical basis for incorporating exercise prescription into cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 143-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic cost of not meeting the 24-h movement guidelines in china: Research gaps and recommendations","authors":"Sitong Chen,&nbsp;Jie Feng,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well-known that not meeting the <strong>24-hours</strong> <strong>(h)</strong> movement guidelines, including insufficient physical activity (PA), excessive sedentary behavior (SB), inadequate sleep duration, and their combinations, are independent risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The prevalence of not meeting the guidelines is high across the world, especially in China where has one of the largest population. Some studies have estimated the economic cost of insufficient PA in China, which is useful to guide policymakers to develop and implement effective health actions. However, several research gaps should be discussed and addressed for better evidence base and decision making. This commentary aims to provide a research insight into gaps and recommendations related to the analysis of economic cost of not meeting the 24-h movement guidelines. Some major research gaps can be indicated, including less research attention on excessive SB and inadequate sleep, limited evidence regarding NCDs associated with not meeting all 24-h movement guidelines considered in economic cost analysis, absence of evidence on estimated cost of not meeting the guidelines, and the adherence to methodological guide. Future research is required to address the gaps to guide effective health policy development in China. We hope that this commentary can play an important role in updating research evidence and advancing policy practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 157-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulforaphane, Urolithin A, and ZLN005 induce time-dependent alterations in antioxidant capacity, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells","authors":"Neushaw Moradi,&nbsp;Sabrina Champsi,&nbsp;David A. Hood","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient signal transduction that mediates mitochondrial turnover is a strong determinant of metabolic health in skeletal muscle. Of these pathways, our focus was aimed towards the enhancement of antioxidant capacity, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. While physical activity is an excellent inducer of mitochondrial turnover, its ability to ubiquitously activate and enhance mitochondrial turnover prevents definitive differentiation of the contribution made by each pathway. Therefore, we employed three agents, Sulforaphane (SFN), Urolithin A (UroA), and ZLN005 (ZLN), which are activators of important biological markers involved in antioxidant signaling, mitophagy, and biogenesis, respectively. We investigated the time-dependent changes in proteins related to each mechanism in C2C12 myotubes. SFN treatment resulted in increased nuclear localization of the transcription factor Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2) after 4 ​hour (h), with subsequent 2-fold increases in the antioxidant enzymes Nicotinamide Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and Heme-Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by 24 ​h and 48 ​h. Mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were significantly increased by both 24 h and 48 ​h. UroA showed a 2-fold increase in AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) after 4 ​h, which led to a modest 30% increase in whole cell mitophagy markers p62 and LC3, after 48 ​h. This was accompanied by a reduction in cellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), detected with the CellROX Green reagent. Mitophagy flux measurements showed mitophagy activation as both LC3-II and p62 flux increased with UroA at 24-h and 48-h time points, respectively. Finally, AMPK activation was observed by 4 ​h, in addition to a 2-fold increase in Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (TFAM) promoter activity by 24 ​h of ZLN treatment following transient transfection of a TFAM promoter-luciferase construct. Mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were enhanced by 24 ​h. Our results suggest that early time points of treatment increase upstream pathway activity, whereas later time points represent the increased phenotypic expression of related downstream markers. Our findings suggest that the spatiotemporal progression of these mechanisms following drug treatment is another important factor to consider when examining subcellular changes towards mitochondrial turnover in muscle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 16-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140795550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failed single-leg assessment of postural stability after anterior cruciate ligament injuries and reconstruction: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Le Yu ,&nbsp;Xiao'ao Xue ,&nbsp;Shanshan Zheng ,&nbsp;Weichu Tao ,&nbsp;Qianru Li ,&nbsp;Yiran Wang ,&nbsp;Xicheng Gu ,&nbsp;Yang Sun ,&nbsp;Ru Wang ,&nbsp;Yinghui Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Postural control deficits and persistent joint stability issues are prevalent in population with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries or reconstructions. Postural control is typically assessed using the center of pressure (CoP) parameters during the static single-leg stance with a force plate. However, previous studies have reported unclear definitions and descriptions of the CoP parameters, causing inconsistent results of postural control deficits in a specific population.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To 1) summarize CoP parameters commonly used to evaluate postural control deficits in ACL injured or reconstructed population, and 2) identify the differences in CoP parameters with opened and closed eyes during the single-leg stance between ACL injured or reconstructed and control groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched up to July 2023. Data were obtained from the selected articles and underwent quality and risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis using random-effect models. Subgroup analysis within ACL injured or reconstructed group were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 14 articles were included in the analysis after screening. The injured knee of the ACL injured or reconstructed group differed insignificantly in sway amplitude, sway area, and sway velocity during static single-leg stance under opened and closed eyes when compared with the control group. In the subgroup analysis, we found that there was only significant difference in sway velocity with open eyes (<em>SMD</em> ​= ​0.47, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.001) between ACL reconstructed group and control group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study summarized the common CoP parameters used to evaluate postural control in ACL injured or reconstructed population. The results only showed weak difference in sway velocity between ACL reconstructed population and healthy individuals with opened eyes during the static single-leg stance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141132528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of physiological and psychobiological acute responses between high intensity functional training and high intensity continuous training","authors":"Douglas A.T. Santos ,&nbsp;Naiane S. Morais ,&nbsp;Ricardo B. Viana ,&nbsp;Gustavo C.T. Costa ,&nbsp;Marilia S. Andrade ,&nbsp;Rodrigo L. Vancini ,&nbsp;Katja Weiss ,&nbsp;Beat Knechtle ,&nbsp;Claudio A.B. de Lira","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Little is known about the physiological and psychobiological responses that occur during and after high intensity functional training (HIFT). We compared physiological and psychobiological responses during and after a HIFT session with a high intensity continuous training (HICT) session. Twenty-one trained and healthy men were submitted to 20-min session of HIFT and HICT on separate days. The heart rate, blood lactate concentration [Lac], levels of state anxiety, rates of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived discomfort (RPE-D), and affective valence were measured. Exercise intensity of the HICT was adjusted to the mean heart rate obtained in the HIFT session. The highest heart rate in the training sessions was significantly higher in HIFT (mean ​± ​standard deviation [<em>SD</em>]: [187 ​± ​9] bpm) than in HICT (mean ​± ​<em>SD</em>: [178 ​± ​8] bpm, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). The [Lac] was significantly higher immediately after the HIFT (median [interquartile range (<em>IQR</em>)]: 6.8 [4.4] mmol/L) than the HICT (median [<em>IQR</em>]: 3.2 [1.9], <em>p</em> ​= ​0.021) and 10 ​min after (median [<em>IQR</em>]: HIFT ​= ​6.8 [4.9] mmol/L, HICT ​= ​2.9 [2.4] mmol/L, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.003). The RPE was also significantly higher in the HIFT (median [<em>IQR</em>]: HIFT ​= ​20 [2], HICT ​= ​15 [5], <em>p</em> ​= ​0.009). The physiological and psychobiological responses compared between HIFT and HICT sessions are similar, except for the higher heart rate obtained during the sessions, [Lac] and RPE. Probably, the results found for the higher heart rate obtained during the sessions, [Lac] and RPE may be explained by the higher participation of the anaerobic glycolytic metabolism during the HIFT session.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 68-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of incline walking on lower extremity and trunk mechanics in older adults","authors":"Seth Higgins ,&nbsp;D. Clark Dickin ,&nbsp;Dorice Hankemeier ,&nbsp;Meredith D. Wells ,&nbsp;He Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Older adults are at an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis. High internal knee abduction moment during daily activities may elevate the risk of knee osteoarthritis. Incline walking exercise has been found to decrease knee abduction moment in healthy young adults. However, it is unknown if this occurs in healthy older adults. The purpose of this study was to quantify the internal knee abduction moment at different treadmill grades to determine if incline walking could reduce the knee abduction moment in healthy older adults. Twelve healthy older adult males walked on a treadmill at five incline grades (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 1.34 ​m⋅s^-1. The primary outcome variable was the internal knee abduction moment. A one-way repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was performed to determine differences in the dependent variables among incline gradients. Peak knee abduction moment significantly decreased from level walking at all gradients in 10% increments (0%–10%, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001; 5%–15%, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.002; and 10%–20%, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.04). A reduction in knee abduction moment during incline walking could result in decreased knee joint loading on the medial knee compartment. For older adults, who are looking to exercise to improve their health, incline walking may be beneficial to promote lower body strength and cardiovascular ability without inflicting further harm to the aging knee joints. However, because the frontal plane knee joint was of primary interest in this study, further research is needed to determine the effects of incline walking on other joints and in other planes of motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140400369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a 14-week neck strengthening protocol for neuromuscular indicators associated with head and neck trauma","authors":"Lindsey Harn Schroeder,&nbsp;Margaret C. Tyndall,&nbsp;Alexander Thomas McDaniel,&nbsp;Yishi Wang,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Kale","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased neck strength has been linked to a potential decrease in traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The purpose was to determine the efficacy of a neck-strengthening protocol using a novel neck-strengthening device to increase isometric neck strength and rate of force development (RFD). Utilizing self-generated centripetal force, participants trained for 14 weeks. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the relationship between post-assessment measurements and pre-assessments measurements, while accounting for repeated measure random effect at the individual level, and a regular random error term. RFD values were 4.344 times higher in the clockwise direction and 5.978 times higher in the counterclockwise direction when comparing pre and post assessment measurements. Isometric neck strength increased significantly (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05) in the cervical extension (<em>p</em> ​= ​0.010) and left lateral flexion (<em>p</em> ​= ​0.009) directions. The results can be used in strength training and clinical settings to potentially reduce the incidence of TBI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140757460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring urban-rural differences in 24-h movement behaviours among tunisian preschoolers: Insights from the SUNRISE study","authors":"Mohamed Amine Ltifi ,&nbsp;Olfa Turki ,&nbsp;Ghaith Ben-Bouzaiene ,&nbsp;Kar Hau Chong ,&nbsp;Anthony D. Okely ,&nbsp;Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Little is known about differences in physical activity among children from urban and rural areas in low-to middle-income countries and some previous investigations revealed disparities in physical activity levels among children and adolescents residing in urban and rural environments. We aimed to: (i) assess the proportion of preschool-aged children (3.0–4.9 years) meeting the global movement guidelines, (ii) evaluate the feasibility of the methods for the SUNRISE study, (iii) examine gender- and urban-rural differences in health and behavior outcomes. Urban and rural location was based on national classifications. Physical activity (waist-worn ActiGraph); sleep duration, screen time and movement behaviors; Gross and fine motor skills (Lower body strength and mobility, Supine-Timed up and go [S-TUG], One-leg standing balance test, hand grip dynamometer, 9-hole peg-board test); and executive functions (visual-spatial working memory and inhibition) were assessed in 112 preschoolers (<em>n</em> ​= ​50 boys, 33 urban), (<em>n</em> ​= ​62 girls, 41 urban). The results showed that only 18% of children met all movement guidelines, with 53% and 41% meeting the recommendations for sedentary screen time and total physical activity, respectively. A large proportion of children (81%) met the recommended sleep duration of 10–13 ​hours (h) per day. There is a clear need to promote healthy movement behaviours among preschool-aged children through targeted interventions that address their unique challenges related to gender and urban/rural residence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140270721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}