Clocks & Sleep最新文献

{"title":"Portability of Polygenic Risk Scores for Sleep Duration, Insomnia and Chronotype in 33,493 Individuals.","authors":"Anna Perkiö,&nbsp;Ilona Merikanto,&nbsp;Katri Kantojärvi,&nbsp;Tiina Paunio,&nbsp;Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong,&nbsp;Samuel E Jones,&nbsp;Hanna M Ollila","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5010002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) estimate genetic liability for diseases and traits. However, the portability of PRSs in sleep traits has remained elusive. We generated PRSs for self-reported insomnia, chronotype and sleep duration using summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) performed in 350,000 to 697,000 European-ancestry individuals. We then projected the scores in two independent Finnish population cohorts (N = 33,493) and tested whether the PRSs were associated with their respective sleep traits. We observed that all the generated PRSs were associated with their corresponding traits (p < 0.05 in all cases). Furthermore, we found that there was a 22.2 min difference in reported sleep between the 5% tails of the PRS for sleep duration (p < 0.001). Our findings indicate that sleep-related PRSs show portability across cohorts. The findings also demonstrate that sleep measures using PRSs for sleep behaviors may provide useful instruments for testing disease and trait associations in cohorts where direct sleep parameters have not yet been measured.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9844282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9420810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Sleep Regularity and Perceived Life Stress across the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis of a Predominately Female United States Convenience Sample.","authors":"Ryan Bottary,&nbsp;Eric C Fields,&nbsp;Loren Ugheoke,&nbsp;Dan Denis,&nbsp;Janet M Mullington,&nbsp;Tony J Cunningham","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep5010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep5010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a profound impact on sleep and psychological well-being for individuals worldwide. This pre-registered investigation extends our prior study by tracking self-reported social jetlag (SJL), social sleep restriction (SSR), and perceived life stress from May 2020 through October 2021. Using web-based surveys, we collected self-reported sleep information with the Ultrashort Munich Chronotype Questionnaire at three additional timepoints (September 2020, February 2021 and October 2021). Further, we measured perceived life stress with the Perceived Stress Scale at two additional timepoints (February 2021 and October 2021). In a subsample of 181, predominantly female (87%), United States adults aged 19-89 years, we expanded our prior findings by showing that the precipitous drop in SJL during the pandemic first wave (May 2020), compared to pre-pandemic (February, 2020), rapidly rose with loosening social restrictions (September 2020), though never returned to pre-pandemic levels. This effect was greatest in young adults, but not associated with self-reported chronotype. Further, perceived life stress decreased across the pandemic, but was unrelated to SJL or SSR. These findings suggest that sleep schedules were sensitive to pandemic-related changes in social restrictions, especially in younger participants. We posit several possible mechanisms supporting these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9844449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10604106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic of Ultrastructure of Mice B16 Melanoma Cells under the Influence of Different Lighting Regimes.","authors":"D A Areshidze,&nbsp;M A Kozlova,&nbsp;V P Chernikov,&nbsp;A V Borisov,&nbsp;D V Mischenko","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep4040056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep4040056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms of physiological processes, constantly being in a state of dynamic equilibrium and plastically associated with changes in environmental conditions, are the basis of homeostasis of an organism of human and other mammals. Violation of circadian rhythms due to significant disturbances in parameters of main environmental effectors (desynchronosis) leads to the development of pathological conditions and a more severe course of preexisting pathologies. We conducted the study of the ultrastructure of cells of mice transplantable malignant melanoma B16 under the condition of normal (fixed) lighting regime and under the influence of constant lighting. Results of the study show that melanoma B16 under fixed light regime represents a characteristic picture of this tumor-predominantly intact tissue with safe junctions of large, functionally active cells with highly irregular nuclei, developed organelles and a relatively low content of melanin. The picture of the B16 melanoma tissue structure and the ultrastructure of its cells under the action of constant lighting stand in marked contrast to the group with fixed light: under these conditions the tumor exhibits accelerated growth, a significant number of cells in the state of apoptosis and necrosis, ultrastructural signs of degradation of the structure and functions, and signs of embryonization of cells with the background of adaptation to oxygen deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"4 4","pages":"745-760"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9777458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10771800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Evaluation and Management of Overlap Syndrome (OS) and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS).","authors":"Pasquale Tondo,&nbsp;Giulia Scioscia,&nbsp;Anela Hoxhallari,&nbsp;Roberto Sabato,&nbsp;Simone Sorangelo,&nbsp;Giuseppe Mansueto,&nbsp;Antonella Giuliani,&nbsp;Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro,&nbsp;Donato Lacedonia","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep4040055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep4040055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and Aim: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is an extremely common disorder with a high impact on morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to compare overlap syndrome (OS) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and to highlight and understand the differences between them. Material and Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively on 132 subjects selected by consecutive sampling from those attending our unit for suspected SDB. After clinical evaluation as well as functional and sleep investigations, the population was divided according to diagnosis in OS and OHS; then, the clinical parameters of two groups were compared with different statistical analysis. Results: The subjects with OHS were younger and reported higher rated daytime sleepiness (p = 0.005). In addition, they presented more nocturnal respiratory events (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 63.61 ± 22.79 events·h−1 vs. AHIOS 42.21 ± 22.91 events·h−1, p < 0.0001) at the sleep investigation as worse gas exchange during sleep leading to a higher percentage of nocturnal hypoxemia (p < 0.0001). In contrast, subjects with OS had more an impaired respiratory function. With regard to night-time ventilatory therapy, more subjects with OS were effectively treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (p = 0.011), while more OHS were treated with auto-adjusting PAP (APAP) (14% vs. 1%, p = 0.008). Conclusions: The present study tried to establish a framework for OS and OHS because proper management of the two disorders would reduce their burden on healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"4 4","pages":"735-744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9777142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10851622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild to Moderate Sleep Restriction Does Not Affect the Cortisol Awakening Response in Healthy Adult Males.","authors":"Thomas G Kontou,&nbsp;Gregory D Roach,&nbsp;Charli Sargent","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep4040054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep4040054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a distinct rise in cortisol that occurs upon awakening that is thought to contribute to arousal, energy boosting, and anticipation. There is some evidence to suggest that inadequate sleep may alter the CAR, but the relationship between sleep duration and CAR has not been systematically examined. Healthy males (<i>n</i> = 111; age: 23.0 ± 3.6 yrs) spent 10 consecutive days/nights in a sleep laboratory. After a baseline night (9 h time in bed), participants spent either 5 h (<i>n</i> = 19), 6 h (<i>n</i> = 23), 7 h (<i>n</i> = 16), 8 h (<i>n</i> = 27), or 9 h (<i>n</i> = 26) in bed for seven nights, followed by a 9 h recovery sleep. The saliva samples for cortisol assay were collected at 08:00 h, 08:30 h and 08:45 h at baseline, on experimental days 2 and 5 and on the recovery day. The primary dependent variables were the cortisol concentration at awakening (08:00 h) and the cortisol area under the curve (AUC). There was no effect of time in bed on either the cortisol concentration at awakening or cortisol AUC. In all the time in bed conditions, the cortisol AUC tended to be higher at baseline and lower on experimental day 5. Five consecutive nights of mild to moderate sleep restriction does not appear to affect the CAR in healthy male adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"4 4","pages":"722-734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9776856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10771359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interest Groups as an Alternative for Medical Education in Sleep Medicine: Experience Report at a Brazilian Medical School.","authors":"Vitor Luiz Selva Pinto,&nbsp;Guilherme El-Kadre,&nbsp;Henrique Lobo Ramos,&nbsp;Lucas Boaventura Pinto,&nbsp;Victor Davis Apostolakis Malfatti,&nbsp;Paula Araujo,&nbsp;Sandra Doria Xavier,&nbsp;Gabriel Natan Pires","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep4040053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep4040053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep medicine classes and teachings are usually deficient and insufficient during undergraduate medical education. In order to circumvent the educational deficits in sleep medicine, students at a Brazilian Medical School created a sleep medicine interest group-an academic organization for teaching purposes whose administration is carried out by the undergraduate students themselves. This study aims to describe the establishment of a sleep medicine interest group, as well as to evaluate the results of its first edition on the knowledge about sleep medicine among undergraduate medical students. Classes were taken biweekly and consisted of lectures by invited professors, presentation of clinical cases, and discussion with the students. By the end of the course, both attendees and non-attendees were invited to fill out a questionnaire including an objective assessment of knowledge (15 multiple choice questions). The questionnaire was filled out by 32 participants, of which 18 were attendees and 14 were non-attendees. The average result on the final exam was significantly higher among the attendees (6.1 ± 1.2) in comparison with non-attendees (4.9 ± 1.3-<i>p</i> = 0.015). The results demonstrate that an interest group proved to be feasible as a source of complementary information to undergraduate medical students and a valid alternative to circumvent the educational deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"4 4","pages":"714-721"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9776448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10788476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Sleep Problems in the Periconceptional Period and the Impact on Health of Mother and Offspring: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Babette Bais,&nbsp;Milan G Zarchev,&nbsp;Annemarie I Luik,&nbsp;Lenie van Rossem,&nbsp;Régine P M Steegers-Theunissen","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep4040052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep4040052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge of the impact of sleep problems in the periconceptional period is scarce. Since this period is the most sensitive time window for embryonic and placental development, we aim to study the impact of maternal sleep problems in the periconceptional period on both mother and offspring. We systematically searched various databases up until September 2021 for studies reporting on maternal sleep in the periconceptional period and any outcome in mother and offspring. We included observational studies describing maternal sleep problems in the periconceptional period and associations with either maternal and/or offspring outcomes. The search produced 8596 articles, of which we selected 27 studies. Some associations were found between sleep problems and lower fertility, more hypertensive disorders, more mood disorders in mothers, higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, and more sleep and behavior problems in offspring, with associations with maternal mood disorders being most consistent. This systematic review shows that maternal sleep problems in the periconceptional period are associated with a higher risk of various adverse outcomes in both mother and offspring, although not consistently. It shows that good sleep during pregnancy is crucial, starting as early as before conception, especially for maternal mood. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to pay attention to sleep problems in the periconceptional period and provide adequate treatment for potential sleep problems, even before pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"4 4","pages":"688-713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9777334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10788478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Blue-Light-Emitting Glasses in Security Guards Exposed to Night Shift Work on Work-Related and General Fatigue: A Randomised Controlled Cross-Over Study.","authors":"Pieter H Helmhout,&nbsp;Stella Timmerman,&nbsp;Alwin van Drongelen,&nbsp;Eric W P Bakker","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep4040051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep4040051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of glasses that emit blue light in reducing the need for recovery, general fatigue, and stress levels in security guards who work night shifts. Light manipulation is seen as a promising strategy to mitigate complaints related to shift work, such as sleepiness and impaired cognitive performance. In a randomized controlled cross-over study design, 86 Dutch security guards used light-emitting glasses (exposure duration: 30 min) during night shifts in a five week period versus a five week control period without glasses. Measurements (Need for Recovery Scale; Checklist Individual Strength; stress level assessed by a fitness tracker) were performed at baseline, at five weeks, and again at 11 weeks. The chronotype was measured at baseline as a potential covariate. A mixed model for repeated measure analyses showed no significant reduction in the need for recovery, nor a reduction in general fatigue scores, during the intervention period. Paired Samples T-Test analyses showed no significant changes in stress levels for the intervention period. Conclusively, blue light exposure using light-emitting glasses for security guards during night shifts showed no directly measurable effect on the reduced need for recovery, overall fatigue, and stress levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"4 4","pages":"675-687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9777001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10771360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Sleep Offset Timing between Weekdays and Weekends in 79,161 Adult Participants in the UK Biobank.","authors":"Rachael M Kelly,&nbsp;John H McDermott,&nbsp;Andrew N Coogan","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep4040050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep4040050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variability in the timing of daily sleep is increasingly recognized as an important factor in sleep and general physical health. One potential driver of such daily variations in sleep timing is different work and social obligations during the \"working week\" and weekends. To investigate the nature of weekday/weekend differences in the timing of sleep offset, we examined actigraphy records of 79,161 adult participants in the UK Biobank who wore an actiwatch for 1 week. The time of sleep offset was found to be on average 36 min later on weekends than on weekdays, and when this difference was expressed as an absolute value (i.e., irrespective of sleep offset being either later or earlier on weekends), it was 63 min. Younger age, more socioeconomic disadvantage, currently being in employment, being a smoker, being male, being of non-white ethnicity and later chronotype were associated with greater differences in sleep offset between weekdays and weekend days. Greater differences in sleep offset timing were associated with age-independent small differences in cardiometabolic health indicators of BMI and diastolic blood pressure, but not HbA1c or systolic blood pressure. In a subset of participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, weekday/weekend sleep offset differences were associated weakly with BMI, systolic blood pressure and physical activity. Overall, this study demonstrates potentially substantive differences in sleep offset timings between weekdays and weekends in a large sample of UK adults, and that such differences may have public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"4 4","pages":"658-674"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9776689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10860848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Solid State Roadway Lighting on Melatonin in Humans.","authors":"Ronald B Gibbons,&nbsp;Rajaram Bhagavathula,&nbsp;Benjamin Warfield,&nbsp;George C Brainard,&nbsp;John P Hanifin","doi":"10.3390/clockssleep4040049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep4040049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2009, the World Health Organization identified vehicle crashes, both injury-related and fatal, as a public health hazard. Roadway lighting has long been used to reduce crashes and improve the safety of all road users. Ocular light exposure at night can suppress melatonin levels in humans. At sufficient light levels, all visible light wavelengths can elicit this response, but melatonin suppression is maximally sensitive to visible short wavelength light. With the conversion of roadway lighting to solid state sources that have a greater short wavelength spectrum than traditional sources, there is a potential negative health impact through suppressed melatonin levels to roadway users and those living close to the roadway. This paper presents data on the impact of outdoor roadway lighting on salivary melatonin in three cohorts of participants: drivers, pedestrians, and those experiencing light trespass in their homes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In an outdoor naturalistic roadway environment, healthy participants (<i>N</i> = 29) each being assigned to a cohort of either pedestrian, driver, or light trespass experiment, were exposed to five different solid state light sources with differing spectral emissions and one no lighting condition. Salivary melatonin measurements were made under an average roadway luminance of 1.0 cd/m² (IES RP-18 Roadway Lighting Requirements for expressway roads) with a corneal melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminances (EDI) ranging from 0.22 to 0.86 lux.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that compared to the no roadway lighting condition, the roadway light source spectral content did not significantly impact salivary melatonin levels in the participants in any of the cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data show that recommended levels of street lighting for expressway roads do not elicit an acute suppression of salivary melatonin and suggest that the health benefit of roadway lighting for traffic safety is not compromised by an acute effect on salivary melatonin.</p>","PeriodicalId":33568,"journal":{"name":"Clocks & Sleep","volume":"4 4","pages":"633-657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9680288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10322665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}