Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware最新文献

A semi-passive haptic device for viscosity display in virtual bone cement injection 一种用于虚拟骨水泥注射粘度显示的半被动触觉装置

IF 6.1

Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.005

Jinfeng WU, Zhen LI, Xuan LUO, Ke SHI, Aiguo SONG, Lifeng ZHU

{"title":"A semi-passive haptic device for viscosity display in virtual bone cement injection","authors":"Jinfeng WU, Zhen LI, Xuan LUO, Ke SHI, Aiguo SONG, Lifeng ZHU","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel semi-passive haptic device for viscosity display in virtual bone cement injection. This system-level design combines the inherent safety of a passive elastic element with the accurate control of an active motor to achieve injection force feedback over a wide force range (0–40 N) and stroke length (up to ∼32 mm). The device employs a linear push paradigm consistent with clinical percutaneous vertebroplasty procedures, contributing to an immersive and intuitive feel for surgical simulation. This delivers realistic haptic experiences that represent different phases of bone cement injection within a simulated environment. A system identification method and parameter optimization were proposed to align theoretical models with physical performance, achieving an average RMSE of 0.08 N across 218 test cases. We conducted experiments to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the proposed device by displaying interaction forces for different configurations. Our experimental results show that this compact, low-power design provides a safe and procedurally realistic simulation of bone cement injection in the virtual environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 440-456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analytical solution for real-time simulation of membrane deformation 实时模拟膜变形的解析解

IF 6.1

Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.003

Ivan F. COSTA, Armando M. MAROJA, Edivaldo J. da SILVA, Geraldo B. OLIVEIRA FILHO, Rafael S. COSTA, Eduardo LEONARDECZ

{"title":"Analytical solution for real-time simulation of membrane deformation","authors":"Ivan F. COSTA, Armando M. MAROJA, Edivaldo J. da SILVA, Geraldo B. OLIVEIRA FILHO, Rafael S. COSTA, Eduardo LEONARDECZ","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite considerable efforts in simulating the behavior of soft tissues in the last decades, real-time modeling of soft tissue deformation remains a challenge. Current deformable models face several challenges that limit their use in interactive applications. In particular, the primary limitations with regard to effciency and stability should be addressed to achieve graphic and haptic interactivity. Herein, a new analytical approach for real-time simulation of object deformation is proposed. This approach utilizes physically motivated analytical equations to achieve deformations. Moreover, we developed an analytical solution for elastic two-dimensional (2D) membranes and three-dimensional (3D) objects enclosed by a fluid-filled membrane. We solved Poisson’s equation with a Dirichlet boundary condition using Green’s functions to obtain the analytical solutions. We obtained the equilibrium configurations of a deformed 2D membrane in contact with a probe and compared the results to the experimental data through statistical validation. Subsequently, the proposed approach was extended to simulate the surface deformation of a 3D object with volume conservation. Furthermore, the methodology was successfully implemented in a virtual-reality environment with haptic force feedback to enhance the user’s immersion. Our results demonstrated that the proposed analytical approach enables real-time modeling of membrane deformations, and the statistical analysis provides a deep understanding of the model’s strengths and limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 457-480"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parametric plane detection from 3D point cloud via probabilistic clustering 基于概率聚类的三维点云参数平面检测

IF 6.1

Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.002

Pengxu LI, Yinchang ZHOU, Xiaoliang LUO, Weiyang MA, Lüchun WANG, Junpeng HUANG, Xiangyang LI, Xiaopeng ZHANG, Jianwei GUO

{"title":"Parametric plane detection from 3D point cloud via probabilistic clustering","authors":"Pengxu LI, Yinchang ZHOU, Xiaoliang LUO, Weiyang MA, Lüchun WANG, Junpeng HUANG, Xiangyang LI, Xiaopeng ZHANG, Jianwei GUO","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A plane is the most fundamental isotropic geometric shape commonly found in human-made environments. Plane detection serves as a bridge between low-level 3D raw data and high-level structural representations of underlying 3D shapes. Existing methods often require extensive parameter tuning, rely on normal information, or depend on large training datasets, limiting their generalization across diverse shapes. In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm for extracting high-quality planar information from 3D point clouds, inspired by unsupervised probabilistic clustering. Our approach reformulates plane detection as a Bayesian probabilistic modeling problem within a machine learning framework. By theoretically deriving a maximum likelihood function for plane parameters, we leverage the classic yet powerful expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to iteratively solve for maximum likelihood estimates. Our framework is highly flexible, enabling the accurate extraction of parametric planes from various scenes and sensor types. Extensive experiments and comparisons with both analytical and learning-based methods demonstrate the superiority of our approach. Moreover, our algorithm is simple, efficient, and easy to implement. The code is released to facilitate future research: <span><span>https://github.com/dengdaigithub/PPD</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 383-401"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Augmented reality-guided precision in mandibular reconstruction: Non-contact laser point cloud registration for simultaneous osteotomy and implantation 增强现实引导下下颌重建的精度：非接触式激光点云配准同时截骨和种植

IF 6.1

Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vrih.2026.06.001

Long SHAO, Zhao ZHENG, Tianyu FU, Deqiang XIAO, Danni AI, Jingfan FAN, Hong SONG, Ruiqi ZHAO, Jixin LIU, Tao ZHANG, Jian YANG

{"title":"Augmented reality-guided precision in mandibular reconstruction: Non-contact laser point cloud registration for simultaneous osteotomy and implantation","authors":"Long SHAO, Zhao ZHENG, Tianyu FU, Deqiang XIAO, Danni AI, Jingfan FAN, Hong SONG, Ruiqi ZHAO, Jixin LIU, Tao ZHANG, Jian YANG","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maxillofacial reconstruction often results in significant mandibular defects, necessitating precise surgical interventions. Traditional approaches suffer from lengthy preoperative preparations and substantial radiation exposure. This study introduces a novel augmented reality (AR) framework for simultaneous fibula flap mandibular reconstruction and implant placement, leveraging non-contact laser point cloud registration. Our method employs adaptive line laser scanning (ALLS) for surface reconstruction, enabling markerless registration to integrate preoperative virtual surgical plans with intraoperative reality. Virtual-real view calibration, enhanced by particle swarm optimization (PSO), ensures high alignment accuracy. Cadaver experiments demonstrated superior performance, with mandibular osteotomy achieving a 2.38 mm control point position error and fibular osteotomy an accuracy of 1.29 mm. AR-guided simultaneous implantation showed a position error of 1.28 mm, and overall mandibular reconstruction errors were approximately 1.77 mm, ensuring stable temporomandibular joint functionality. This framework offers a new technological paradigm for minimally invasive and intelligent precision maxillofacial reconstruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 417-439"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MeDeA: Decomposable attention for intrinsically interpretable ECG diagnosis MeDeA：内在可解释心电图诊断的可分解注意

IF 6.1

Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vrih.2026.05.001

Yulong GE, Yingying WANG, Qing MING, Liang SHAO, Xiangyun LIAO, Weixin SI

{"title":"MeDeA: Decomposable attention for intrinsically interpretable ECG diagnosis","authors":"Yulong GE, Yingying WANG, Qing MING, Liang SHAO, Xiangyun LIAO, Weixin SI","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep learning has achieved strong performance on electrocardiogram (ECG) classification, yet many high-performing models still provide limited class-specific interpretability. We present MeDeA (multi-disease decompositional attention), a decomposable attention framework for intrinsically interpretable ECG diagnosis. The central idea is to combine a shared 1D backbone with disease-specific attention heads so that each predicted condition is associated with a dedicated explanatory pathway instead of relying solely on post-hoc attribution. We further describe a multi-query formulation, termed multi-query attention head (MQAH), in which each disease head contains a small set of global learnable queries to capture complementary morphological patterns. Experiments on the PTB-XL dataset show that MeDeA achieves a macro-F1 score of 0.775, matching strong black-box baselines while improving attribution faithfulness. We also report efficiency metrics including parameter count, weight footprint, and forward latency. Finally, we discuss limitations related to retrospective public datasets, shifts across hospitals and devices, sampling-rate mismatch, and annotation quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 402-416"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learnable difference convolution and temporal feature supplementary module for near-infrared eye segmentation 近红外眼分割的可学习差分卷积和时间特征补充模块

IF 6.1

Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.004

Hao HE, Haiyu QIN, Xiaowei BAI, Liang XIE, Hang LIU

{"title":"Learnable difference convolution and temporal feature supplementary module for near-infrared eye segmentation","authors":"Hao HE, Haiyu QIN, Xiaowei BAI, Liang XIE, Hang LIU","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-infrared (NIR) eye image segmentation refers to a pixel-wise semantic segmentation technique for ocular images captured in close-range NIR imaging scenarios. Serving as a prerequisite for augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) eye-tracking systems, and biometric technologies, the segmentation accuracy of this technique directly determines the overall performance of downstream tasks. However, accurately segmenting ocular structures under unconstrained conditions remains challenging, primarily due to feature ambiguity caused by light reflection artifacts, interferences from eyelashes and eyelids, and temporal inconsistency induced by frame-by-frame independent segmentation. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a learnable difference convolution (LDC) and a feature supplementary module (FSM) that introduces temporal priors via feature-level fusion within skip connections, employing foreground guidance and background compensation. The LDC does not rely on fixed-pattern difference convolution kernels; instead, it learns task-optimal difference convolution kernels during the training process, thereby enhancing the model’s boundary feature extraction capability and its robustness against occlusions and reflection interference. Meanwhile, the FSM leverages the segmentation result of the previous frame and the ocular difference map as temporal contextual priors to guide the segmentation process of the current frame through feature-level fusion and foreground/background compensation, which mitigates the problem of temporal inconsistency. Evaluations across three benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in eye image segmentation tasks. The code is publicly available at <span><span>https://github.com/qinhaiyu218/LDC-FSM-Eye-Segmentation</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 481-506"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D tooth semi-closed hole-filling algorithm based on the moving least-squares method 基于移动最小二乘法的三维牙齿半封闭补孔算法

IF 6.1

Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vrih.2026.04.002

Hongan LI, Kun YANG, Long PENG, Qingfang LIU

{"title":"3D tooth semi-closed hole-filling algorithm based on the moving least-squares method","authors":"Hongan LI, Kun YANG, Long PENG, Qingfang LIU","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-area semi-closed holes on the lateral surfaces of tooth models can cause difficulties in subsequent orthodontic tasks, such as collision detection and finite element analysis, and may affect the accuracy and stability of further processing. To address this issue, this paper proposes a three-dimensional tooth semi-closed hole repair method based on the moving least squares technique. First, key points were manually selected to transform semi-closed holes into closed ones, and new vertices were uniformly distributed within the hole region to construct an initial triangular mesh. Subsequently, a mesh homogenization algorithm was applied to improve the quality of the generated triangular patches. Then, a moving least-squares surface-fitting approach was employed. By incorporating the point cloud density and Gaussian curvature, an adaptive vertex influence region was designed to iteratively adjust the vertex positions and better fit the target surface. Finally, the generated mesh was smoothed using the Laplacian-Beltrami operator to obtain a repaired surface consistent with the original geometry. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior efficiency and repair quality compared to existing approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 365-382"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148531540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automatic accurate craniofacial reconstruction based on geodesic statistical model 基于测地线统计模型的自动精确颅面重建

IF 6.1

Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.003

Wenqi LIU, Junli ZHAO, Lin WANG

{"title":"Automatic accurate craniofacial reconstruction based on geodesic statistical model","authors":"Wenqi LIU, Junli ZHAO, Lin WANG","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Craniofacial reconstruction aims to estimate a person’s facial appearance from the skull and has applications in forensic investigation, reconstructive surgery, archaeology, and anthropology. The skull and face are typically represented as triangular meshes, on which geodesics provide intrinsic surface structures. Accordingly, we propose a craniofacial reconstruction framework that represents facial geometry using geodesics and learns a geodesic-based statistical model. First, we extract a set of geodesic curves for each registered face mesh, originating from the nose tip. Next, paired skull meshes and their corresponding facial geodesics are used to train a principal component analysis (PCA)-based statistical model that predicts the facial geodesics for an unseen skull. Finally, we reconstruct the full-face mesh by fitting a facial statistical shape model to the predicted geodesics. Because the intrinsic properties of the geodesics and geodesic distances are preserved under isometric deformations, the accuracy of the corresponding feature points automatically established by the geodesics and exact correspondence between the feature points are ensured, thereby improving the accuracy of the craniofacial reconstruction results. Experiments demonstrate improved reconstruction accuracy and reduced runtime compared with baseline methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 347-364"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148531497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AgeStyle: Dynamic age-guided motion transfer in virtual reality 年龄风格：虚拟现实中的动态年龄引导运动转移

IF 6.1

Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.006

Feng ZHOU, Chao LIU, Yiqing HUANG, Ju DAI, Senzhe XU

{"title":"AgeStyle: Dynamic age-guided motion transfer in virtual reality","authors":"Feng ZHOU, Chao LIU, Yiqing HUANG, Ju DAI, Senzhe XU","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age significantly influences human motor patterns, yet existing virtual reality (VR) systems lack dynamic modelling of these variations. This paper introduces AgeStyle, a versatile framework that integrates age-guided style selection with motion style transfer to convert user-uploaded videos into interactive 3D motion models. Utilizing 2D joint detection and 3D pose estimation, AgeStyle constructs motion representations enhanced by a CLIP-driven Cross-Attention module, capturing the distinct traits of different age groups—child flexibility, adult efficiency, and elderly stability. Our system enables real-time switching between motion styles and perspectives through voice commands, offering an immersive exploration of age-related movements. Quantitative experiments on the XIA dataset demonstrate AgeStyle’s competitive performance in both content preservation and style consistency, achieving average CC and SC++ scores of 7.4 and 14.8, respectively. AgeStyle represents a meaningful advancement in VR character design, with broad potential applications in education, healthcare, rehabilitation, and interactive entertainment. For the demo, please refer to <span><span>https://youtu.be/eo7Shy0Ukps</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>. The source code of AgeStyle is available at <span><span>https://github.com/codeozzz/ageStyle</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 283-300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148531783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detecting early cognitive decline from saccades in natural ball game viewing 从观看自然球类比赛时的扫视中发现早期认知衰退

IF 6.1

Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.004

Wei QIANG, Xucheng ZHANG, Yang LI, Xiangmin FAN, Wenjing BAO, Xiaonan ZHANG, Wei SUN, Feng TIAN

{"title":"Detecting early cognitive decline from saccades in natural ball game viewing","authors":"Wei QIANG, Xucheng ZHANG, Yang LI, Xiangmin FAN, Wenjing BAO, Xiaonan ZHANG, Wei SUN, Feng TIAN","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive decline (CD) is a hallmark symptom of many neurodegenerative diseases, and in severe cases, it progresses to cognitive dysfunction and a loss of independent daily functioning. Eye movement interaction (EMI) has shown promise in detecting early signs of CD, but its applications remain largely confined to clinical settings, limiting integration into everyday life. In response, this paper proposes a novel method based on naturalistic EMI for the prediagnosis of CD, leveraging sports streaming to induce saccades and using ball movements as dynamic stimuli to uncover early neural dysfunction. Through a pilot and empirical study, we demonstrate that ball games can effectively elicit saccades, and our algorithm can accurately extract batting saccades to distinguish between the healthy control group (HCG) and the cognitive decline group (CDG). In this study with 60 participants, the accuracy of recognizing CDG in natural, unmarked game viewing was 0.7333 at best, and reached 0.8833 when semi-natural random flashing cues were introduced on balls. These findings illustrate the potential for seamlessly integrating naturalistic EMI-based prediagnosis into everyday interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 301-329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148531494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0