Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Component Maintenance Strategies and Risk Analysis for Random Shock Effects Considering Maintenance Costs 考虑维修成本的随机冲击维修策略及风险分析
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.17531/ein/162011
Chao Zhang, Yadong Zhang, Hongyan Dui, Shaoping Wang, M. Tomovic
{"title":"Component Maintenance Strategies and Risk Analysis for Random Shock Effects Considering Maintenance Costs","authors":"Chao Zhang, Yadong Zhang, Hongyan Dui, Shaoping Wang, M. Tomovic","doi":"10.17531/ein/162011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17531/ein/162011","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance can improve a system’s reliability in a long operation period or when a component has failed. The reliability modeling method that uses the stochastic process degradation model to describe the system degradation process has been widely used. However, the existing reliability models established using stochastic processes only consider the internal degradation process, and do not fully consider the impact of external random shocks on their reliability modeling. Furthermore, the existing theory of importance does not consider the actual factors of maintenance cost. In this paper, based on the reliability modeling of random processes, the degradation rate under the influence of random shocks is introduced into the time scale function to solve the impact of random shocks on product reliability, and two cost importance measures are proposed to guide the maintenance selection of the components under limited resources in the system.Finally, a subsystem of an aircraft hydraulic system is analyzed to verify the proposed method’s performance.","PeriodicalId":335030,"journal":{"name":"Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134009758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Reliability analysis method of coupling optimal importance sampling density and multi-fidelity Kriging model 最优重要抽样密度与多保真度Kriging模型耦合的可靠性分析方法
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.17531/ein/161893
Jiayu Xie, Zongrui Tian, Pengpeng Zhi, Yadong Zhao
{"title":"Reliability analysis method of coupling optimal importance sampling density and multi-fidelity Kriging model","authors":"Jiayu Xie, Zongrui Tian, Pengpeng Zhi, Yadong Zhao","doi":"10.17531/ein/161893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17531/ein/161893","url":null,"abstract":"The commonly used reliability analysis approaches for Kriging-based\u0000models are usually conducted based on high-fidelity Kriging models.\u0000However, high-fidelity surrogate models are commonly costly.\u0000Therefore, in order to balance the calculation expense and calculation\u0000time of the surrogate model, this paper proposes a multi-fidelity Kriging\u0000model reliability analysis approach with coupled optimal important\u0000sampling density (OISD+MFK). First, the MEI learning function is\u0000proposed considering the training sample distance, model computation\u0000cost, expected improvement function, and model relevance. Second, a\u0000dynamic stopping condition is proposed that takes into account the\u0000failure probability estimation error. Finally, the optimal importance\u0000sampling density is incorporated into the reliability analysis process,\u0000which can effectively reduce failure probability estimation error. The\u0000results of the study show that the approach proposed in this paper can\u0000reduce the calculation cost while outputting relatively accurate failure\u0000probability evaluation results.","PeriodicalId":335030,"journal":{"name":"Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122786132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Semi-Markov approach for reliability modelling of light utility vehicles 轻型多功能车辆可靠性建模的半马尔可夫方法
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability Pub Date : 2023-03-05 DOI: 10.17531/ein/161859
Mateusz Oszczypała, J. Ziółkowski, J. Małachowski
{"title":"Semi-Markov approach for reliability modelling of light utility vehicles","authors":"Mateusz Oszczypała, J. Ziółkowski, J. Małachowski","doi":"10.17531/ein/161859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17531/ein/161859","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicles are important elements of military transport systems. Semi-Markov processes, owing to the generic assumption form, are a useful tool for modelling the operation process of numerous technical objects and systems. The suggested approach is an extension of existing stochastic methods employed for a wide spectrum of technical objects; however, research on light utility vehicles complements the subject gap in the scientific literature. This research paper discusses a 3-state semi-Markov model implemented for the purposes of developing reliability analyses. Based on an empirical course of the operation process, model was validated in terms of determining the conditional probabilities of interstate transitions for an embedded Markov chain, as well as parameters of time distribution functions. The Laplace transform was used to determine the reliability function, failure probability density function, failure intensity, and expected time to failure. Readiness index values were calculated based on ergodic probabilities.","PeriodicalId":335030,"journal":{"name":"Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121869672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Methodological aspects of risk mapping in multimode transport systems 多模式运输系统风险映射的方法学方面
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.17531/ein.2023.1.19
Jacek Kukulski, Konrad Lewczuk, Ignacy Góra, M. Wasiak
{"title":"Methodological aspects of risk mapping in multimode transport systems","authors":"Jacek Kukulski, Konrad Lewczuk, Ignacy Góra, M. Wasiak","doi":"10.17531/ein.2023.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2023.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient transport solutions are based on multimodal systems, with the\u0000dominant role of rail and road transport in land versions of the systems\u0000and the connecting and directing part of intermodal terminals,\u0000transhipment terminals or warehouse centres. The implementation of\u0000transport processes is always associated with the risk of lack of\u0000timeliness (quality) or threats to people, equipment and cargo (safety)\u0000resulting from human, technical, organizational and global factors like\u0000pandemics or war. The article contains a risk mapping method in\u0000multimodal transport systems configured to estimate the risk of lowering\u0000the quality of logistics services (on-time deliveries, etc.). The method\u0000combines factors usually considered separately in studies on individual\u0000modes of transport. A formal notation of risk factors as a mathematical\u0000model was proposed, and a case study was provided to picture the\u0000implementation.","PeriodicalId":335030,"journal":{"name":"Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129267252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Analysis of energy efficiency and dynamics during car acceleration 汽车加速过程中的能量效率和动力学分析
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability Pub Date : 2023-02-05 DOI: 10.17531/ein.2023.1.17
M. Graba, A. Bieniek, K. Prażnowski, K. Hennek, J. Mamala, R. Burdzik, M. Śmieja
{"title":"Analysis of energy efficiency and dynamics during car acceleration","authors":"M. Graba, A. Bieniek, K. Prażnowski, K. Hennek, J. Mamala, R. Burdzik, M. Śmieja","doi":"10.17531/ein.2023.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2023.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the authors focused on analyzing the energy efficiency and\u0000dynamics during car acceleration, featuring investigation of acceleration\u0000dynamics under various acceleration intensities. The tests were\u0000performed in the speed range between 45 km/h and 120 km/h, at a\u0000constant gear ratio. This enabled obtaining variable dynamic parameters\u0000of the acceleration process, ranging from about 0.1 to 1.4 m/s2\u0000, and\u0000recording variation in fuel consumption from 6.28 to 27.03 dm3\u0000/100km.\u0000The study focused on determining the relation between fuel\u0000consumption, energy efficiency and vehicle acceleration depending on\u0000the available drivetrain power. The relation between fuel consumption\u0000and vehicle acceleration was described by using the dynamic index. The\u0000proposed dynamic index takes into account the energy (from burned\u0000fuel) and vehicle acceleration intensity to obtain an objective metric for\u0000characterizing the acceleration process. The aforementioned index takes\u0000the form of the passenger car movement energy quality index and can be\u0000related to widely known physical properties, thus ensuring its\u0000universality. The index expresses the energy expenditure within the time\u0000needed to accelerate a vehicle weighing 1kg by a 1m distance. As\u0000opposed to other criteria that are applied to the assessment of passenger\u0000cars dynamics, the index shows a high determination coefficient R2 in\u0000excess of 0.99, and can be used as a universal metric to test other vehicle\u0000types.","PeriodicalId":335030,"journal":{"name":"Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126679855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Research on preventive maintenance strategy of Coating Machine based ondynamic failure rate 基于动态故障率的涂布机预防性维修策略研究
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.17531/ein.2023.1.20
Gu Dongwei, Ni Ruihua, Han Wenbo, Chen Guang, Jia Ligang
{"title":"Research on preventive maintenance strategy of Coating Machine based on\u0000dynamic failure rate","authors":"Gu Dongwei, Ni Ruihua, Han Wenbo, Chen Guang, Jia Ligang","doi":"10.17531/ein.2023.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2023.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a dynamic preventive maintenance strategy is proposed for\u0000the problem of high maintenance cost rate due to excessive maintenance\u0000caused by unreasonable maintenance threshold setting when complex\u0000electromechanical equipment maintenance strategy is formulated.\u0000Increasing failure rate factor and decreasing service age factor are\u0000introduced to describe the evolution rules of failure rate during the\u0000maintenance of the coating machine, and the BP-LSTM (BP-Long Short\u0000Term Memory Network, BP-LSTM) model is combined to predict the\u0000failure rate of the coating machine. A Dynamic preventive maintenance\u0000Model (DM) that relies on dynamic failure rate thresholds to classify the\u0000three preventive maintenance modes of minor, medium and major\u0000repairs is constructed. A dynamic preventive maintenance strategy\u0000optimization process based on Genetic-Particle Swarm Optimization\u0000(GPSO) algorithm with the lowest cost rate per unit time in service phase\u0000is built to solve the difficult problem of dynamic failure rate threshold\u0000finding. Based on the historical operating data of the coating machine, a\u0000case study of the dynamic preventive maintenance strategy of the coating\u0000machine was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model and the\u0000developed maintenance strategy proposed in this paper. The results show\u0000that the maintenance strategy developed in this paper can ensure better\u0000economy and applicability.","PeriodicalId":335030,"journal":{"name":"Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120989886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increasing the operational reliability of a ship by using a composite impeller inthe event of hydrophore pump failure 在水听器泵发生故障时,采用复合叶轮提高船舶运行可靠性
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability Pub Date : 2023-01-29 DOI: 10.17531/ein.2023.1.18
Monika Jabłońska, W. Jurczak, D. Ozimina, M. Adamiak
{"title":"Increasing the operational reliability of a ship by using a composite impeller in\u0000the event of hydrophore pump failure","authors":"Monika Jabłońska, W. Jurczak, D. Ozimina, M. Adamiak","doi":"10.17531/ein.2023.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2023.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"The time-consuming technological process of manufacturing impellers\u0000and the high production costs are the reason for the search for alternative\u0000materials and manufacturing methods. In this paper, based on a literature\u0000analysis, the performance of a pump with an impeller that was\u0000manufactured by an incremental method from polyethylene\u0000terephthalate with an admixture of glycol and carbon fibre (PETG CF)\u0000was selected and studied. Operation tests were conducted on the ship’s\u0000rotodynamic pump test bench. The composite impeller pump was shown\u0000to have an efficiency at the selected printing parameters of 26,23%,\u0000comparable to a tin bronze impeller, which has an efficiency of 27,7%.\u0000The maximum pump useful power with the impellers tested was 337 W\u0000at a flow rate of 4.42 m3\u0000/h. The results confirm that, with a filament layer\u0000height of 0.12 mm and 100% fill in the four print contours, the pump\u0000characteristics obtained are consistent with those of the reference\u0000impeller. This fact ensures continuous operation of the ship’s pump for\u000048 hours which makes the chosen manufacturing method a reliable\u0000emergency method of impeller repair in offshore operations.","PeriodicalId":335030,"journal":{"name":"Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability","volume":"6 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133092441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Feasibility study of a rail vehicle damper fault detection by artificial neural Indexed by:networks 基于神经网络的轨道车辆阻尼器故障检测可行性研究
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.17531/ein.2023.1.5
R. Melnik, Seweryn Koziak, J. Dižo, T. Kuźmierowski, E. Piotrowska
{"title":"Feasibility study of a rail vehicle damper fault detection by artificial neural Indexed by:\u0000networks","authors":"R. Melnik, Seweryn Koziak, J. Dižo, T. Kuźmierowski, E. Piotrowska","doi":"10.17531/ein.2023.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2023.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to investigate rail vehicle dynamics under\u0000primary suspension dampers faults and explore possibility of its\u0000detection by means of artificial neural networks. For these purposes two\u0000types of analysis were carried out: preliminary analysis of 1 DOF rail\u0000vehicle model and a second one - a passenger coach benchmark model\u0000was tested in multibody simulation software - MSC.Adams with use of\u0000VI-Rail package. Acceleration signals obtained from the latter analysis\u0000served as an input data into the artificial neural network (ANN). ANNs\u0000of different number of hidden layers were capable of detecting faults for\u0000the trained suspension fault cases, however, achieved accuracy was\u0000below 63% at the best. These results can be considered satisfactory\u0000considering the complexity of dynamic phenomena occurring in the\u0000vibration system of a rail vehicle.","PeriodicalId":335030,"journal":{"name":"Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121611405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Reliability Evaluation of Transmission Planetary Gears “bottom-up” approach 传动行星齿轮“自下而上”可靠性评估方法
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.17531/ein.2023.1.2
P. Živković, M. Milutinović, M. Tica, S. Trifković, I. Čamagić
{"title":"Reliability Evaluation of Transmission Planetary Gears “bottom-up” approach","authors":"P. Živković, M. Milutinović, M. Tica, S. Trifković, I. Čamagić","doi":"10.17531/ein.2023.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2023.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability study is the most important part of the engineering design\u0000process, as it is the basis of analysis and assessment of future product\u0000performance in exploitation. Since performance cannot be predicted\u0000with absolute certainty, the application of reliability theory includes\u0000probability theory and unreliability modeling. The proposed approach\u0000has been applied to assess the reliability of gear planetary power\u0000transmissions. The assessment of system reliability was determined on\u0000the basis of the block diagram method, as a function of the reliability of\u0000individual components, calculated by statistical analysis. Using the\u0000Weibull model, the reliability of the planetary gear was defined on the\u0000basis of the probability of failure of the gear teeth and the results were\u0000interpreted to assess the reliability of the component and the entire\u0000planetary train. For a more precise assessment of reliability and to avoid\u0000modeling every failure and mode of occurrence, a competitive risk\u0000model was developed. The reliability assessment study was conducted\u0000with a “bottom-up” approach. Reliability has been assessed, for\u0000instantaneous, estimated and assigned failures rate of planetary train and\u0000component.","PeriodicalId":335030,"journal":{"name":"Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134389616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
New possibilities to reduce wheel and rail wear in the operation of metro wagons on curved track with small curve radii without considering propulsion and braking systems 在不考虑推进和制动系统的情况下,在小曲线半径的弯曲轨道上运行地铁车辆时减少轮轨磨损的新可能性
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.17531/ein.2023.1.15
J. Matej, P. Orliński
{"title":"New possibilities to reduce wheel and rail wear in the operation of metro wagons \u0000on curved track with small curve radii without considering propulsion and \u0000braking systems","authors":"J. Matej, P. Orliński","doi":"10.17531/ein.2023.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17531/ein.2023.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the parameters relevant to the operation of\u0000underground cars in traffic on straight and curved tracks with small curve\u0000radii. Current knowledge of non-linear lateral dynamics of rail vehicles\u0000and the specialist computer programme Vi-Rail were used to build\u0000models and perform simulation calculations. A solution was proposed to\u0000enable passive control of wheelsets with very high guiding stiffnesses,\u0000without the need for systems to force the axles of the wheelsets to align\u0000radially in a curved track. This effect was achieved by varying the\u0000guidance stiffness in the horizontal plane of the frame of each bogie. The\u0000adopted course of action offers simplicity of solution, low manufacturing\u0000costs, high critical speed on straight track and extended service life of\u0000the metro wagons resulting from reduced mechanical wear of wheels and\u0000rails. A multi-criteria evaluation was carried out, confirming improved\u0000bogie controllability and reduced impact of the metro wagon wheelsets\u0000on the curved track. Comparisons were made of the design volumes for\u0000metro model wagons with bogies with symmetric and unsymmetric axleguide stiffness arrangements of the wheelsets.","PeriodicalId":335030,"journal":{"name":"Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130769848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信