Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving最新文献

{"title":"CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF Ni-V COATING IN THE PROCESS OF HYDROGEN RELEASE","authors":"N. Rudenko, S. Leshchenko, Y. Kovalenko","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Solar and hydrogen energy play an important role in providing a variety of industrial facilities with electricity and heat. One of the priorities of modern industry is to increase the production of environmentally friendly energy source – electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen. Modern methods of electrolysis of water do not meet the need for its use, due to the high cost of electrosynthesis of water-alkaline electrolysis, which depends on the material and energy consumption of electrolysis. \u0000The useful energy consumption for the production of energy – hydrogen at the cathode and \"unnecessary\" costs - for the release of oxygen at the anode, depend on the overvoltage of the respective reactions. Therefore, the most important problem of hydrogen energy is the synthesis of electrode materials with low overvoltage of O2 and H2. Electrode materials with low overvoltage will reduce the specific consumption of electricity in obtaining hydrogen by \"classical\" electrolysis. \u0000The prospects of reducing the cathodic and anodic overvoltage, which is a significant part of the voltage at the terminals of the cell, for the development of highly efficient and competitive technologies for hydrogen production by low-temperature electrolysis of an alkaline solution have been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. To reduce the overvoltage of the cathodic hydrogen evolution, it is proposed to modify the surface of the cathodes. The application of a small amount of electrolytic alloys of metals of the iron family with molybdenum and tungsten on nickel, cobalt, titanium and steel electrodes significantly (by 40–50 %) reduces the overvoltage of cathodic release of hydrogen from alkali solution. \u0000The use of steel electrodes, the surface of which is modified with vanadium and ni-ckel, reduces the voltage drop on the cell during the synthesis of H2 and O2 by 0.2–0.3 V, which creates conditions for reducing energy costs and energy savings.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122913137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF VAPOR AND CRYSTAL FORMATION PROCESSES ON HEAT EXCHANGE IN FILM VAPORATORS","authors":"O. Koshelnik, V. Pavlova, T. Pugacheva, O. Kruglyakova, O. Dolobovska","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Evaporators for changing the concentration of solutions have a different design, depending on the type of processed substance. \u0000Significant energy consumption in such equipment is associated with the need for removing large quantity of liquid phase. \u0000Multiple-effect evaporators are used to reduce the energy consumption of the evaporation process, but such equipment is quite expensive. \u0000Evaporators with secondary vapor heat reusing that operate in film mode can be an alternative to multi-effect evaporators. This equipment can operate efficiently across minimal temperature differences due to secondary vapor compressors. The disadvantage of this device is strict requirements for impurities in solutions. \u0000Impurities create deposits (incrustations) of various substances on the heat transfer surfaces, which worsens the operating conditions. \u0000If crystallizing solutions are used in evaporators with reusing of secondary vapor heat, then one of the ways to reduce the rate of heating surfaces incrustation is to add a solid phase to the initial solution. \u0000A mathematical model is proposed to describe the processes of heat and mass transfer during the film flow of crystallizing solutions, which are accompanied by a change in the physical characteristics of the solution and the formation of deposits. \u0000The model considers a three-phase liquid suspension with a varying phase content. Two stages of vaporization including vaporization on the surface of the liquid and on the surface of heat exchange are presented. \u0000The mathematical model involves the equations of continuity, energy and heat transfer, as well as the equations of motion of a three-phase flow with a changing phase content for both stages of vaporization, taking into account that solid phase turbulizes the flow and intensifies the heat transfer process. \u0000This mathematical model makes it possible to study the effect of the solid phase on heat transfer processes and the rate of incrustation in evaporators with reuse of secondary vapor heat.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130874573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF LOW-TEMPERATURE DEHULLING PROCESS OF HIGH-OIL SUNFLOWER UNDER A CENTRIFUGAL FIELD","authors":"L. Perevalov, V. Golodnjak, I. Demidov, V. Timchenko, E. Piven, S. Molchenko","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Appearance of high-oily sunflower seeds with oil content 52–54 % in the 60’s of the last century, led to revolutionary changes in raw material base of the fat-and-oil industry, but caused difficulties in the process of its storage and processing due to the morphological structure features and biochemical composition of fruit coat. Overcoming of the main technological disadvantages for high-oily sunflower seeds during dehulling was achieved due to development of an innovative dehulling technology for seeds in frozen state to sub-zero temperatures, which was developed at the technology of fats and fermentation products department of NTU “KhPI”. This paper presents results of experimental study of sunflower variety Ukrainian F1 high-oily seeds dehulling (dehulling coefficient and kernel content coefficient) depending on the temperature change (0–-196°C) and centrifugal dehullerꞌs rotor rotation speed. It has been shown that rational dehulling conditions for dry seeds, which allow to reach maximum dehulling depth (K0 = 0,99) under conditions of minimum outputs of chaff and oilseed dust, are cooling temperature in the range of -30–-50°C and dehullerꞌs rotation speed 26,7 s-1. Based on the literature data and research results, it has been shown that one of the main reasons of dry seeds dehulling coefficient increasing, during the transition from plus to minus temperatures, is a change in basic physicochemical properties of cellulose fibers (the basis of fruit coats biochemical composition) with a solid adsorption surface towards increasing of its strength. According to a special experiment data in relation to change in aggregate state of sunflower oil in temperature range from +20ºС to -196ºС, it was shown that cellulose fibers with adsorbed oil are practically the only component of fruit coat, which increases its plasticity with decreasing temperature. It is noted that fruit coat plasticity increases most significantly in temperature range -30 – -50°C, when oil obtain a plasticine-like consistency. This is exactly what temperature range where minimum yield of chaff and oilseed dust is observed, i.e. the highest dehulling quality is achieved. Obtained scientific results of this study make a significant contribution to the theory and practice of oil seeds dehulling, which have structural and compositional features of the fruit coat.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128511280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADVANCED TYPES OF CHECKERWORK OF REGENERATIVE HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR GLASS FURNACES","authors":"O. Koshelnik, S. Hoisan","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"One of the ways to increase glass furnaces energy efficiency is to apply heat exchangers for flue gases thermal potential utilization. \u0000Flue gases losses is up to 25-40 % of the total amount of heat supplied in the furnace. These losses are influences by such factors as fuel type, furnace and burners design and manufactured product type. \u0000Regenerative heat exchangers with various types of heat storage packing is more efficient for high-power furnaces. \u0000Such types of regenerator checkerwork as Cowper checkerwork, two types of Siemens checkerwork, Lichte checkerwork and combined checkerwork have already been sufficiently researched, successfully applied and widely used for glass furnaces of various designs. All of its are made of standard refractory bricks. Basket checkerwork and cruciform checkerwork that are made of fused-cast molded refractory materials have been widely used recently as well. \u0000Further improvement of regenerative heat exchangers thermal efficiency only by replacing the checkerwork does not seem possible unless their size being increased. But this enlarging is not always realizable during the modernization of existing furnaces. \u0000From this point of view heat storage elements with a phase transition, where metal salts and their mixtures are used as a fusible agent look promising for glass furnaces. \u0000These elements can accumulate additional amount of heat due to phase transition, which allows to increase significantly heat exchanger thermal rating without its size and operating conditions changing. \u0000However, it is necessary to carry out additional studies of this type of checkerwork dealing with analysis of complex unsteady heat exchange processes in regenerators and selection of appropriate materials that satisfy the operating conditions of regenerative heat exchangers so that the checkerwork can be widely used for glass furnaces.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114860278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINATION OF CORROSION INFLUENCE ON FUEL METAL, OBTAINED FROM SECONDARY POLYMER RAW MATERIALS","authors":"K. Сhevchenko, A. Grigorov, I. Sinkevich","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes to determine the corrosion effect on fuel metals under dynamic conditions, when washing the prepared copper plate of a certain size, a significant amount of fuel at a certain speed and temperature of the study. This approach will significantly reduce the duration of the study (up to 100 minutes) and is closer to the real conditions of contact of the fuel with a metal surface, in comparison with the standardized method, which is widely used today. \u0000Using the proposed laboratory setup, the study was subjected to fuel (200–360 °C), which was obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials, in particular polypropylene. The obtained results showed that the investigated fuel, despite the temperature, the amount of circulating fuel and its water content, does not have a corrosive effect on the copper plate, which can be explained by the absence of corrosive substances in the fuel: water-soluble mineral acids and alkalis, active sulfur compounds and organic acids. However, it should be kept in mind that in polyolefin raw materials, in the form of contamination, there may be products made of other materials, such as rubber and polyvinyl chloride. This can happen when the sorting technology is violated or during the preliminary preparation of raw materials and, in turn, will contribute to the increase in sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds in the fuel, which are characterized by high corrosion activity and should be necessarily removed from the fuel. \u0000Note that the fuel obtained from secondary polymer raw materials, in the absence of sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds, is quite promising for the creation on its basis of modern synthetic fuels, analogues of classic petroleum products.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115096371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESEARCH OF EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES FOR ADSORPTION FROM SOLUTIONS IN A APPARATUS WITH STIRRING","authors":"V. Solovej, K. Gorbunov, V. Vereshchak, O. Gorbunova","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"A study has been mode of transport-controlled mass transfer-controlled to particles suspended in a stirred vessel. The motion of particle in a fluid was examined and a method of predicting relative velocities in terms of Kolmogoroff’s theory of local isotropic turbulence for mass transfer was outlined. \u0000To provide a more concrete visualization of complex wave form of turbulence, the concepts of eddies, of eddy velocity, scale (or wave number) and energy spectrum, have proved convenient. \u0000Large scale motions of scale contain almost all of the energy and they are directly responsible for energy diffusion throughout the stirring vessel by kinetic and pressure energies. However, almost no energy is dissipated by the large-scale energy-containing eddies. A scale of motion less than is responsible for convective energy transfer to even smaller eddy sires. At still smaller eddy scales, close to a characteristic microscale, both viscous energy dissipation and convection are the rule. The last range of eddies has been termed the universal equilibrium range. It has been further divided into a low eddy size region, the viscous dissipation subrange, and a larger eddy size region, the inertial convection subrange. \u0000Measurements of energy spectrum in mixing vessel are shown that there is a range, where the so called -(5/3) power law is effective. Accordingly, the theory of local isotropy of Kolmogoroff can be applied because existence of the internal subrange. As the integrated value of local energy dissipation rate agrees with the power per unit mass of liquid from the impeller, almost all energy from the impeller is viscous dissipated in eddies of microscale. \u0000The correlation for mass transfer to particles suspended in a stirred vessel is recommended. The results of experimental study are approximately 12 % above the predicted values.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134037856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONVERSION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS TO VISCOUS LIQUIDS","authors":"O. Andreev, L. Zagrebelnaya, O. Kobets","doi":"10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2021.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The urgency of the work is due to the large use of modern industry centrifugal pumps for pumping viscous liquids. In the energy sector, this is the use of fuel oil and thermal power plants, mineral oils and oil and gas-based lubricants as reserve fuel, and so on.The use of the characteristics of centrifugal pumps for viscous substances requires their recalculation. These data show the relevance of the problem of recalculating the characteristics of centrifugal pumps for viscous substances.In the oil industry, thousands of centrifugal pumps operate at oil pumping stations and in oil refining processes.The conducted researches and the analysis of their results give the chance to control giving of the centrifugal pump in technological process of cracking of oil products on an example of application of ACS.Analytical researches of a technique of recalculations are given.The characteristic of centrifugal pumps by calculations of approximation coefficients by the method of least squares is given.The performed studies confirmed the theoretical data on the influence of liquid viscosity on the appearance of the characteristics of centrifugal pumps.Studies also show that a sufficiently high accuracy of calculations of characteristics from water to liquid is provided for high-speed pumps which are in the range n = 50–130, that is for low-speed and normal wheels of centrifugal pumps.With the improvement of fluid quality, the rotation of the wheel shaft deteriorates. Therefore, there is a need to have the characteristics of such pumps at different speeds. The construction of such characteristics is based on the theory of similarity of centrifugal pumps, from which the so-called proportionality formulas are obtained, which allow to list (Q–H) the characteristics of the pump when the speed changes.Bringing characteristics to the analytical form allows you to use the Ace feed control. The means of regulation by changing the speed provides a significant reduction in electricity consumption.These data show the relevance of the problem of recalculating the characteristics of centrifugal pumps for viscous substances.","PeriodicalId":334981,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131492639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}