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Rational Design of Peptide Vaccines against the Zika Virus through sequence Descriptors: Techniques and Problems 利用序列描述符合理设计寨卡病毒肽疫苗:技术与问题
International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2016-03-15 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00108
A. Nandy, S. Basak
{"title":"Rational Design of Peptide Vaccines against the Zika Virus through sequence Descriptors: Techniques and Problems","authors":"A. Nandy, S. Basak","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00108","url":null,"abstract":"The sudden emergence of an epidemic of Zika virus infections in South America has raised concerns of its virulence and transmission potential, especially in view of mass gatherings at carnivals, Olympic Games, Hajj and others within this year [1]; the as yet unproven link between the Zika epidemic and heightened cases of microcephaly among newborns for which the World Health Organization (WHO) have declared on February 1, 2016 the suspected association of the virus to cases of microcephaly and Guillain-Barre disease to be Public Health Emergency of International Concern [2] has added to the anxieties. The main vector of the Zika virus is the Aedes aegypti mosquito prevalent in tropical countries but whose range is increasing with the effects of global warming, recognized as causing shifts in distribution of vector-borne diseases [3]; spread of the virus through mass gatherings to other countries becomes an additional worrying possibility. The issues here are of serious concern since the Aedes aegypti mosquito is also a primary carrier of the dengue virus and Brazil has not had much success in controlling that [4]. Coming soon after the scare of Ebola virus, and with the background of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, the MERS and SARS epidemics, the near-pandemic of H5N1 bird flu and fatalities associated with the H7N9, the Zika virus epidemic has focused questions on containment and mitigation of viral activity and further zoonotic issues that may arise.","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"01-03"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67333190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A Single Dose TMV-HA Vaccine Protects Mice from H5N1 Influenza Challenge 单剂TMV-HA疫苗可保护小鼠免受H5N1流感攻击
International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2016-02-25 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/1/2/00106
Jyothi Mallajosyula, T. Jeevan, R. Chikwamba, R. Webby, A. McCormick
{"title":"A Single Dose TMV-HA Vaccine Protects Mice from H5N1 Influenza Challenge","authors":"Jyothi Mallajosyula, T. Jeevan, R. Chikwamba, R. Webby, A. McCormick","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/1/2/00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/1/2/00106","url":null,"abstract":"Recombinant subunit vaccines are an efficient strategy to meet the demands of a possible influenza pandemic, because of rapid and scalable production. However, vaccines made from recombinant Hemagglutinin (HA) subunit protein are often of low potency, requiring repeated boosting to generate a sustained immune response. Previously, we demonstrated improved immunogenicity of a plant-made H1 Hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine by chemical conjugation to the surface of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) which is non infectious in mammals. Antigen coated TMV is taken up by mammalian dendritic cells and is a highly effective antigen carrier for subunit protein vaccines. In this work, we tested the effectiveness of a TMV-H5 HA conjugate vaccine. We compared the TMV-H5 immunogenicity in mice, with and without an oil-in water squalene adjuvant, to H5N1 virus or HA protein alone, as measured by anti-H5 IgG titers and Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI). We then evaluated the efficacy of the TMV-H5 vaccine by lethal H5N1 virus challenge in mice. Our results show that a single dose of the TMV-H5 conjugate vaccine is sufficient to generate 40% survival, similar to H5 protein given with adjuvant, or 100% survival after vaccination with adjuvant, similar to H5N1 virus vaccination.","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"01-06"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67333043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
An Integrated Approach From Disease To Prevention 从疾病到预防的综合方法
International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2016-02-25 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/1/2/00107
H. Sharma, S. Parekh, S. Shewale
{"title":"An Integrated Approach From Disease To Prevention","authors":"H. Sharma, S. Parekh, S. Shewale","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/1/2/00107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/1/2/00107","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal influenza, more commonly referred to as “flu” is an acute viral infection caused by an influenza virus. The virus circulates worldwide and can affect anybody, in any age group. The clinical features and complications associated with the disease are highlighted in Table 1. There are 3 types of seasonal influenza viruses – A, B and C. Type A influenza viruses are further classified into subtypes according to the combinations of various virus surface proteins. Among many subtypes of influenza A viruses, influenza A (H1N1) and A (H3N2) subtypes are currently circulating amongst humans. WHO, with its partners, monitors influenza globally, recommends seasonal influenza vaccine compositions twice a year for the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and supports member states efforts to develop prevention and control strategies. WHO works to strengthen national and regional influenza diagnostic capacities including antiviral susceptibility monitoring, disease surveillance, outbreak responses, and increases vaccine coverage among highrisk group.","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"01-05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67333167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antigenically and Genetically Diverse Isolates of Low Pathogenicity H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Provide Cross-Clade Vaccinal Protection 具有抗原性和遗传多样性的低致病性H9N2禽流感病毒分离株提供跨进化支疫苗保护
International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2016-02-23 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00105
I. Davidson, N. Osidze, A. Altory, I. Raibshtein, Ezra Rozenbluth, Yigal Parnoushi, E. Spackman
{"title":"Antigenically and Genetically Diverse Isolates of Low Pathogenicity H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Provide Cross-Clade Vaccinal Protection","authors":"I. Davidson, N. Osidze, A. Altory, I. Raibshtein, Ezra Rozenbluth, Yigal Parnoushi, E. Spackman","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00105","url":null,"abstract":"Avian influenza viruses, H9N2 subtype, are endemic in Asia and the Middle East. The Israeli H9N2 (G1 lineage) consists of five phylogenetic clades that were detected in the country since the year 2000. The influence of the inter-clade genetic differences on vaccine efficacy was evaluated by vaccination-challenge trials in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. Experimental vaccines utilizing isolates belonging to Israeli H9 clades IV and V were prepared with Montanide ISA 70VG adjuvant. When challenged with H9 AIV strains from different genetic clades and antigenic groups provided similar protection, indicating the existence of cross-genetic clade protection (i.e. reduction in amount of virus shed and number of chickens shedding virus). Notably, the protection conferred by both experimental vaccines was highly dependent on the infection dose of the challenge virus.","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"01-05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67333083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Quality Control Testing of BCG Vaccine: Current Practices and Technological Advancements 卡介苗质量控制检测:现状与技术进展
International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2016-01-24 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00103
G. Jadaun, Harit Kasana, N. Malik
{"title":"Quality Control Testing of BCG Vaccine: Current Practices and Technological Advancements","authors":"G. Jadaun, Harit Kasana, N. Malik","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00103","url":null,"abstract":"The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is live and attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis which is used throughout the world as vaccine against tuberculosis. BCG vaccination contributes to the prevention and control of tuberculosis in limited situations when other strategies are inadequate. As there is currently no alternative, BCG will continue to be used in future as vaccine and also as a prime vaccine in a primeboost immunization in conjunction with new tuberculosis vaccines. Therefore, there is need to improve the characterization and the assays used for the quality control of BCG vaccine. In this article, we present the recent technological advancements in the quality control testing of BCG vaccine. Special attention has been given to the newly developed methods for the identification and potency testing of BCG taking into account the recent advancements in genetics and molecular biology.","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"01-04"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67332826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
My Thought on Rabies in the Democratic Republic of Congo 我对刚果民主共和国狂犬病的看法
International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2016-01-20 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/1/2/00101
Tresor Bodjick Muena Mujobu
{"title":"My Thought on Rabies in the Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Tresor Bodjick Muena Mujobu","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/1/2/00101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/1/2/00101","url":null,"abstract":"Two months ago, my youngest sister was bitten by a dog. The dog belongs to a family we share friendly relationship with. This was frightening for the entire family since the dog’s owner claimed t it was vaccinated against Rabies but could not produce any reliable certificate from the veterinary services. Dogs are indeed the main reservoirs and vectors for the Rabies virus in this part of the world [3]..","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"01-02"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67332918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mobilized Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering in Preclinical Models 动员间充质干细胞用于临床前组织工程模型
International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2016-01-04 DOI: 10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00104
C. Landa-Solís, A. Olivos-Meza, Ortega-Sanchez, Brenda Olivos-Díaz, C. Velasquillo-Martínez, C. Ibarra
{"title":"Mobilized Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering in Preclinical Models","authors":"C. Landa-Solís, A. Olivos-Meza, Ortega-Sanchez, Brenda Olivos-Díaz, C. Velasquillo-Martínez, C. Ibarra","doi":"10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15226/2473-2176/1/1/00104","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mesenchymal Stem Cells obtained from bone marrow are an alternative source of cells for tissue engineering. More studies are done with Mobilized Peripheral Blood Cells (MPBMSC) due to their plasticity on being able to be differentiated in mesenchymal tissues. Objective:The objective of this study was to standarize the mobilization, isolation, and characterization process of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from peripheral blood in an animal model. Methods: Four Suffolk sheep with ages of 2 years were mobilized using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Administration dose was 10mg per kilogram of body weight, applied in subcutaneous area every 24 hours, in three consecutive days. The mobilized cells were characterized by an antibody panel for surface markers (CD105, CD90, CD73, CD34, and CD45) and cultured in monolayer during 3 weeks. Results: All population of leucocytes cells have similar behavior during day 1 to day 4. We observed an improvement of populations at day 2 with maximum elevation at day 3 and decline at day 4 in the mobilized peripheral blood. Plastic adhesion and fibroblastic like morphology was observed in mobilized cells. Conclusions: Is feasible to increase the mesenchymal stem cells number in peripheral blood with the three day administration of G-CSF. Isolated cells expressed the characteristic markers of mesenchymal stem cells by flow citometry.","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"01-05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67333278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, Vaccine – The Future Hope 肝吸虫，猪瘟弧菌，疫苗-未来的希望
International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2015-06-08 DOI: 10.19070/2572-7427-150002E
Wiwanitkit
{"title":"Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, Vaccine – The Future Hope","authors":"Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.19070/2572-7427-150002E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19070/2572-7427-150002E","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68344639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prokaryotic Expression of VP7 Gene and Subunit Vaccine Preparation of Bovine Rotavirus 牛轮状病毒VP7基因的原核表达及亚单位疫苗的制备
International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2015-04-22 DOI: 10.19070/2572-7427-150001
S. Wei, Z. Ma, T. Che
{"title":"Prokaryotic Expression of VP7 Gene and Subunit Vaccine Preparation of Bovine Rotavirus","authors":"S. Wei, Z. Ma, T. Che","doi":"10.19070/2572-7427-150001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19070/2572-7427-150001","url":null,"abstract":"Rotaviruses, approximately 70nm diameter in size, are classified into at least eight different groups according to the serological reactivity and genetic variability of VP6 [4] , and consist of three capsid layers including the outer structural proteins (VP7 and VP4), middle structural protein (VP6) and inner core structural proteins (VP 1, 2 and 3). VP4 (encoded by gene segment 4) and VP7 (encoded by gene segment 7, 8 or 9 depending on the strain), both of which are independently responsible for virus neutralization [5, 6]. The neutralization specificity related to VP7 is referred to as the G serotype (for glycoprotein), and that associated with VP4 is referred to as the P serotype (for protease-sensitive protein) [7]. Up to date, the rotavirus species comprises at least 27 G types (according to the nt sequence of VP7) and 37 P types (according to the nt sequence of VP4) [8, 9].","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68344621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular Mechanisms of HPV Infection in the Lower Genital Tract HPV感染下生殖道的分子机制
International Journal of Virtual Reality Pub Date : 2014-09-29 DOI: 10.19070/2572-7427-140001E
Georgios Androutsopoulos, G. Adonakis
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of HPV Infection in the Lower Genital Tract","authors":"Georgios Androutsopoulos, G. Adonakis","doi":"10.19070/2572-7427-140001E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19070/2572-7427-140001E","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33466,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Virtual Reality","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68344526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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