Eastern Analytics最新文献

{"title":"PAKISTANI HYBRID POLITICS AS ONE OF THE REASONS FOR KASHMIR CONFLICT IRRECONCIABILITY","authors":"Sophia Zavodnik","doi":"10.31696/2227-5568-2022-04-031-052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2022-04-031-052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":333639,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Analytics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124704299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EVOLUTION OF ATTITUDE BY SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES TO RUSSIA’S SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION ON UKRAINE","authors":"D. Mosyakov, E. Astafieva","doi":"10.31696/2227-5568-2023-02-142-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2023-02-142-153","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a brief analysis of the evolution of the attitude of the countries of Southeast Asia to Russia's special military operation on the territory of Ukraine in the second half of 2022 - early 2023. It is concluded that the position of some ASEAN member states has changed under the pressure from the collective West led by the United States, points out the need to intensify Russia's actions in foreign policy contacts with the countries of the Southeast Asian region in order to develop mutually beneficial relations.","PeriodicalId":333639,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Analytics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127946406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIVERGENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTEMPORARY MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES (TURKEY, IRAN, PAKISTAN)","authors":"V. Belokrenitsky","doi":"10.31696/2227-5568-2021-01-007-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2021-01-007-021","url":null,"abstract":"Rates of economic growth and some major parameters of socio-economic development of the countries of the contemporary Middle East are analyzed in the article. Departing from the Russian geopolitical tradition the author puts forward arguments for delineating the region comprising Turkey, Iran and Pakistan as chief components of today's Middle East which does not include the mostly Arab Near East. The article proceeds to reveal some basic features of development of the three countries and underlines that socio-economic and socio-cultural charactestics of these countries in the initial stage after the end of WWII were to a large extent similar. But later their growth started to differ considerably. In the result, Turkey has progressed to have a higher middle income economy with a solid industrial-cum-agricultural basis. Iran was lagging somewhat behind with fast but uneven rates of growth. Both states have left Pakistan squirely behind belonging to lower-income countries, suffering from overpopulation and inadequate productivity of labour in both agricultural and industrial sectors. Some reasons of such divergence are mentioned in the article which concludes with remarks on how difference in the economic sphere may influnce geopolitical situation in the region.","PeriodicalId":333639,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Analytics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129945540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PLACE AND ROLE OF PAKISTAN IN GLOBAL AND REGIONAL AFFAIRS","authors":"Zainab Ahmed, Hasnain Reza Mirza","doi":"10.31696/2227-5568-2022-04-086-098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2022-04-086-098","url":null,"abstract":"The global dynamics are rapidly changing owing to compounded, augmented and complexed security issues, assymetric conflicts, economic challenges overlapping issues of sovereignty and territorial integrities and socio-economic implications of these threats. At the core of this transitory phase lies the shift of power from the West to Asia. These realities have zoomed in the geoeconomics and the twenty first century is being drawn on this as the twentieth century belonged to the geopolitics. This fundamental transition is elevating the strategic significance of Pakistan, the \"Zipper State\", connecting the Eurasian Vision and a clipping state for Belt and Road Initiative. The primary factor of US to compete China and the former determining Russia a malign factor intensifies the bidding to have maximum influence in this region. India, has become a natural and potential choice of priority for the US. India's new found position in the Indo Pacific as the US Net Security Provider, it's foundational agreements with the US for huge logistic, intelligence and military systems cooperation renders it a valuable partner for the West to contain China and Russia. The emerging nexus of US-India-Israel in the Indian Ocean is clearly a bid to encircle China and Russia in which Pakistan elevates to be the front line or the first target, or if tapped and incentivized adequately, to be a defense. Russia's prudent Eurasian Vision and International North South Trade Corridor is a win-win project to engage Iran and India. Yet the former's natural inclination towards the the US and the latter's highly limited options due to Arab-Israel nexus in the Strait of Hormuz post Abraham Accords may pose a challenge to the practicality of these connectivity visions. The growing requirements of regional connectivity align China, Russia, Iran, Pakistan and Turkey naturally for the mutual and regional security and prosperity. The most significant point in this regional connectivity is the Gwadar Port having huge potential of catering to regional trade, connectivity and aligning with other regional trade routes with much better security prospects. Russia, an important global actor and regional player, and Pakistan have the suitable prospects to leverage Pakistan's magnified role in global politics for practical gains, can jointly play a better counter game.","PeriodicalId":333639,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Analytics","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129797059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FOOD ASPECT OF THE AUSTRALIA–CHINA TRADE DISPUTES","authors":"Artyom A. Garin","doi":"10.31696/2227-5568-2022-04-126-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2022-04-126-137","url":null,"abstract":"Australia–China bilateral relations have been business oriented and pragmatic for at least 30 years. However, the period of 2019 – mid-2022 brought a more emotional political component to the interaction of the two countries. Contradictions began to accumulate between Australia and China, including those related to the vision of the future of the AsiaPacific, which subsequently turned into an urgent confrontation. Australian academic and political circles have long feared that China might take advantage of the status of the main Australia's trading partner and use the \"trade punishment\" measures amid growing diplomatic tensions between the two countries. The events of the past two years have made it possible to analyze these concerns in practice and determine the place of the food issue in Australia– China trade disputes. The provisions and conclusions presented in this article are based on official documents, news agency reports, as well as research by Asia-Pacific scientists.","PeriodicalId":333639,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Analytics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128970749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE OUTLOOK ON THE TURKEY’S FOREIGN POLICY FROM DIFFERENT PARADIGMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS","authors":"D. Grafov","doi":"10.31696/2227-5568-2021-02-064-089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2021-02-064-089","url":null,"abstract":"The article is attempt to evaluate the foreign policy of Turkey from the key paradigms of international relations: liberalism, constructivism, realism, neorealism and neoclassical realism. Turkish military power actively involved in Syria, Iraq, Libya, the Eastern Mediterranean, the South Caucasus with the intention to alter the existing power distribution. This may be considered as signs of the offensive realism strategy. Offensive realism asserts that states willing to use force to advance their own interests, and the survival in the international system requires to maximize power. Defensive neorealism holds that aggressive expansion collides with the interests of other states and their desire to ensure their own security in the first place. According to the balance of power theory, the expansion and maximization of power reduces the security of an offensive state by countering a coalition of balancing states. But in the case of Turkey, there are no signs of emerging a counterbalance coalition, and this is «know-how» of Erdogan’s policy. From the liberal perspective, also, there are no signs of countering of the internal and external liberal determinants (Turkish civil society, NATO’s policy, affairs with liberal allies) of Turkey’s foreign policy. The deadlock of joining Turkey to the EU and abolition of Ataturk’s secular and republican guidelines are signs of failure of liberal approach to Erdogan’s foreign policy. Turkey’s offensive policy, ignited nostalgia for the Ottoman Empire, means the inability of international institutional cooperation to overcome anarchy and power maximizing instinct. From the constructivist perspective, the social structure affects the decision- making process. And this is confirmed in Turkey. Expansionism and resentment of historical injustice towards Turkey are necessary to strengthen Erdogan’s power and legitimize it. Constructivist approach may explain the meaning Turkish, Turkic and Neo- Ottoman identities. Identities and interests mutually constitute and effect foreign- policy behavior. And Erdogan shapes identities in the state and beyond on the basis of the interests of the of the power. Neoclassical realism approach may be useful in the analysis of Turkish foreign policy too. It underlines importance of a state’s domestic arrangements, particularly decisionmakers’ perceptions. And, of course, Erdogan’s perception is crucial for foreign policy. Perceptions usually tend to follow the actual distribution of power, but in the case of Erdogan’s aggressive policy, there is a risk of misjudgment, when long-term trends are hidden behind short-term perceptions. The main emphasis of article is on attempts to determine Erdogan’s strategy and examine it from the standpoint of offensive (realism) / defensive (neoralism) approach of international relations, and evaluate its effectiveness. Erdogan has created a multipolar balancing structure of foreign relations, in which Turkish rivals restrain each other. This structur","PeriodicalId":333639,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Analytics","volume":"42 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120916902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RUSSIA’S SPECIAL OPERATION IN UKRAINE: REACTION OF THE POLITICAL FORCES OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN","authors":"E. Dunaeva, Ilkhom Mirzoev","doi":"10.31696/2227-5568-2022-02-073-087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2022-02-073-087","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the authors examine the stance of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the Russian special operaton in Ukraine, drawing on the analysis of the statements made by Ira‑ nian politcians and statesmen, media output and expert artcles. The Islamic Republic was concerned with the militarizaton of Ukraine, the possibility of its entry into NATO and furthering of this bloc towards Iran’s boarders. The country's leadership realized that the confict between Russia and Ukraine will impact the entre system of internatonal relatons. The launch of Russia’s special operaton induced varied reactons across the Iranian politcal and expert spectrum, revealing diferent foreign policy approaches among Iran’s major politcal factons. The official positon of the Iranian leadership could be described as «supportve neutrality». While the confict is blamed on the West, IRI’s top policymakers avoid open support towards Russia, and call for peaceful resoluton of the crisis. Only the members of ultra‑hardline establishment and those affiliated with the IRGC explicitly vindicate Russia’s strategy. The oppositon represented by reformists and centrists condemns Russia’s actons, critcizes Ira‑ nian authorites and calls for diversifcaton of the foreign policy line. In additon, the issue of IRI’s potental capacity to enter the European energy market is addressed. The analysis of the producton and export profle of the hydrocarbons indicates, that even in the event of early removal of the sanctons, Iran will not be able to take Russia’s share in the market.","PeriodicalId":333639,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Analytics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117096231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENERGY TRANSITION AND GLOBAL WARMING","authors":"M. Borisov","doi":"10.31696/2227-5568-2021-03-007-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2021-03-007-018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":333639,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Analytics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125394967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE REACTION IN MONGOLIA TO RUSSIA'S SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE","authors":"V. Grayvoronskiy","doi":"10.31696/2227-5568-2022-02-058-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2022-02-058-063","url":null,"abstract":"The artcle, based on acquaintance with some publicatons in the Mongolian media and comments on them in the blogosphere, makes an atempt to determine the reacton of the state and the public opinion of Mongolia to the special military operaton of Russia launched in Ukraine February 24 2022. The beginning of the operaton caused a shock, ambiguous reacton in Mongo‑ lia, contributed to the split of public opinion into approximately 3 main groups of the populaton: 1) supporters of the official, neutral positon of the Government of Mongolia, 2) opponents of the war, including Russia's special military operaton in Ukraine, and 3) supporters of Russia and its for‑ eign policy to protect its natonal security, including a special military operaton in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":333639,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Analytics","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126717640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RUSSIAN OIL EXPORTS CHANGE DIRECTION","authors":"S. Chesnokova","doi":"10.31696/2227-5568-2022-03-112-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2022-03-112-120","url":null,"abstract":". At the end of February – March 2022 another redistribution of the global energy market began, caused by the expansion and deepening of sanctions against Russia. In this situation India has significantly increased its purchases of Russian oil. India took this step on the basis of its economic considerations, despite the displeasure of the United States. Russian oil of the Urals brand is sold at a significant discount, which makes imports profitable for the Indian side, even taking into account transportation costs. There is a large reserve for further increases in supplies, but the Indian authorities have not yet made any statements in this regard.","PeriodicalId":333639,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Analytics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115532985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}