Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence最新文献

{"title":"Shaping integrity: why generative artificial intelligence does not have to undermine education.","authors":"Myles Joshua Toledo Tan, Nicholle Mae Amor Tan Maravilla","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1471224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1471224","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33315,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 ","pages":"1471224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of hypertension on coronary artery plaques and FFR-CT in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: evaluation utilizing artificial intelligence processed coronary computed tomography angiography.","authors":"Yan Xi, Yi Xu, Zheng Shu","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1446640","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frai.2024.1446640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study utilized artificial intelligence (AI) to quantify coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images, aiming to compare plaque characteristics and CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR-CT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with or without hypertension (HTN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,151 patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent CCTA at a single center. Patients were grouped into T2DM (<i>n</i> = 133), HTN (<i>n</i> = 442), T2DM (HTN+) (<i>n</i> = 256), and control (<i>n</i> = 320). AI assessed various CCTA parameters, including plaque components, high-risk plaques (HRPs), FFR-CT, severity of coronary stenosis using Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System 2.0 (CAD-RADS 2.0), segment involvement score (SIS), and segment stenosis score (SSS). Statistical analysis compared these parameters among groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The T2DM (HTN+) group had the highest plaque volume and length, SIS, SSS, and CAD-RADS 2.0 classification. In the T2DM group, 54.0% of the plaque volume was noncalcified and 46.0% was calcified, while in the HTN group, these values were 24.0 and 76.0%, respectively. The T2DM (HTN+) group had more calcified plaques (35.7% noncalcified, 64.3% calcified) than the T2DM group. The average necrotic core volume was 4.25 mm³ in the T2DM group and 5.23 mm³ in the T2DM (HTN+) group, with no significant difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05). HRPs were more prevalent in both T2DM and T2DM (HTN+) compared to HTN and control groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The T2DM (HTN+) group had a higher likelihood (26.1%) of FFR-CT ≤0.75 compared to the T2DM group (13.8%). FFR-CT ≤0.75 correlated with CAD-RADS 2.0 (OR = 7.986, 95% CI = 5.466-11.667, cutoff = 3, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and noncalcified plaque volume (OR = 1.006, 95% CI = 1.003-1.009, cutoff = 29.65 mm³, <i>p</i> < 0.001). HRPs were associated with HbA1c levels (OR = 1.631, 95% CI = 1.387-1.918).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI analysis of CCTA identifies patterns in quantitative plaque characteristics and FFR-CT values. Comorbid HTN exacerbates partially calcified plaques, leading to more severe coronary artery stenosis in patients with T2DM. T2DM is associated with partially noncalcified plaques, whereas HTN is linked to partially calcified plaques.</p>","PeriodicalId":33315,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 ","pages":"1446640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-centric knowledge graphs: a survey of current methods, challenges, and applications.","authors":"Hassan S Al Khatib, Subash Neupane, Harish Kumar Manchukonda, Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz, Sudip Mittal, Amin Amirlatifi, Shahram Rahimi","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1388479","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frai.2024.1388479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient-Centric Knowledge Graphs (PCKGs) represent an important shift in healthcare that focuses on individualized patient care by mapping the patient's health information holistically and multi-dimensionally. PCKGs integrate various types of health data to provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive understanding of a patient's health, enabling more personalized and effective care. This literature review explores the methodologies, challenges, and opportunities associated with PCKGs, focusing on their role in integrating disparate healthcare data and enhancing patient care through a unified health perspective. In addition, this review also discusses the complexities of PCKG development, including ontology design, data integration techniques, knowledge extraction, and structured representation of knowledge. It highlights advanced techniques such as reasoning, semantic search, and inference mechanisms essential in constructing and evaluating PCKGs for actionable healthcare insights. We further explore the practical applications of PCKGs in personalized medicine, emphasizing their significance in improving disease prediction and formulating effective treatment plans. Overall, this review provides a foundational perspective on the current state-of-the-art and best practices of PCKGs, guiding future research and applications in this dynamic field.</p>","PeriodicalId":33315,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 ","pages":"1388479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11558794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using large language models to support pre-service teachers mathematical reasoning-an exploratory study on ChatGPT as an instrument for creating mathematical proofs in geometry.","authors":"Frederik Dilling, Marc Herrmann","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1460337","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frai.2024.1460337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this exploratory study, the potential of large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT to support pre-service primary education mathematics teachers in constructing mathematical proofs in geometry is investigated. Utilizing the theoretical framework of instrumental genesis, the prior experiences of students with LLMs, their beliefs about the operating principle and their interactions with the chatbot are analyzed. Using qualitative content analysis, inductive categories for these aspects are formed. Results indicate that students had limited prior experiences with LLMs and used them predominantly for applications that are not mathematics specific. Regarding their beliefs, most show only superficial knowledge about the technology and misconceptions are common. The analysis of interactions showed multiple types of in parts mathematics-specific prompts and patterns on three different levels from single prompts to whole chat interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":33315,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 ","pages":"1460337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of unobserved bifurcation by unsupervised extraction of slowly time-varying system parameter dynamics from time series using reservoir computing.","authors":"Keita Tokuda, Yuichi Katori","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1451926","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frai.2024.1451926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nonlinear and non-stationary processes are prevalent in various natural and physical phenomena, where system dynamics can change qualitatively due to bifurcation phenomena. Machine learning methods have advanced our ability to learn and predict such systems from observed time series data. However, predicting the behavior of systems with temporal parameter variations without knowledge of true parameter values remains a significant challenge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses reservoir computing framework to address this problem by unsupervised extraction of slowly varying system parameters from time series data. We propose a model architecture consisting of a slow reservoir with long timescale internal dynamics and a fast reservoir with short timescale dynamics. The slow reservoir extracts the temporal variation of system parameters, which are then used to predict unknown bifurcations in the fast dynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through experiments on chaotic dynamical systems, our proposed model successfully extracted slowly varying system parameters and predicted bifurcations that were not included in the training data. The model demonstrated robust predictive performance, showing that the reservoir computing framework can handle nonlinear, non-stationary systems without prior knowledge of the system's true parameters.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our approach shows potential for applications in fields such as neuroscience, material science, and weather prediction, where slow dynamics influencing qualitative changes are often unobservable.</p>","PeriodicalId":33315,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 ","pages":"1451926"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heuristic machine learning approaches for identifying phishing threats across web and email platforms.","authors":"Ramprasath Jayaprakash, Krishnaraj Natarajan, J Alfred Daniel, Chandru Vignesh Chinnappan, Jayant Giri, Hong Qin, Saurav Mallik","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1414122","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frai.2024.1414122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Life has become more comfortable in the era of advanced technology in this cutthroat competitive world. However, there are also emerging harmful technologies that pose a threat. Without a doubt, phishing is one of the rising concerns that leads to stealing vital information such as passwords, security codes, and personal data from any target node through communication hijacking techniques. In addition, phishing attacks include delivering false messages that originate from a trusted source. Moreover, a phishing attack aims to get the victim to run malicious programs and reveal confidential data, such as bank credentials, one-time passwords, and user login credentials. The sole intention is to collect personal information through malicious program-based attempts embedded in URLs, emails, and website-based attempts. Notably, this proposed technique detects URL, email, and website-based phishing attacks, which will be beneficial and secure us from scam attempts. Subsequently, the data are pre-processed to identify phishing attacks using data cleaning, attribute selection, and attacks detected using machine learning techniques. Furthermore, the proposed techniques use heuristic-based machine learning to identify phishing attacks. Admittedly, 56 features are used to analyze URL phishing findings, and experimental results show that the proposed technique has a better accuracy of 97.2%. Above all, the proposed techniques for email phishing detection obtain a higher accuracy of 97.4%. In addition, the proposed technique for website phishing detection has a better accuracy of 98.1%, and 48 features are used for analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":33315,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 ","pages":"1414122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme catalytic efficiency prediction: employing convolutional neural networks and XGBoost.","authors":"Meshari Alazmi","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1446063","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frai.2024.1446063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the intricate realm of enzymology, the precise quantification of enzyme efficiency, epitomized by the turnover number (<i>k</i> _cat), is a paramount yet elusive objective. Existing methodologies, though sophisticated, often grapple with the inherent stochasticity and multifaceted nature of enzymatic reactions. Thus, there arises a necessity to explore avant-garde computational paradigms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this context, we introduce \"enzyme catalytic efficiency prediction (ECEP),\" leveraging advanced deep learning techniques to enhance the previous implementation, TurNuP, for predicting the enzyme catalase <i>k</i> _cat. Our approach significantly outperforms prior methodologies, incorporating new features derived from enzyme sequences and chemical reaction dynamics. Through ECEP, we unravel the intricate enzyme-substrate interactions, capturing the nuanced interplay of molecular determinants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preliminary assessments, compared against established models like TurNuP and DLKcat, underscore the superior predictive capabilities of ECEP, marking a pivotal shift <i>in silico</i> enzymatic turnover number estimation. This study enriches the computational toolkit available to enzymologists and lays the groundwork for future explorations in the burgeoning field of bioinformatics. This paper suggested a multi-feature ensemble deep learning-based approach to predict enzyme kinetic parameters using an ensemble convolution neural network and XGBoost by calculating weighted-average of each feature-based model's output to outperform traditional machine learning methods. The proposed \"ECEP\" model significantly outperformed existing methodologies, achieving a mean squared error (MSE) reduction of 0.35 from 0.81 to 0.46 and <i>R</i>-squared score from 0.44 to 0.54, thereby demonstrating its superior accuracy and effectiveness in enzyme catalytic efficiency prediction.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This improvement underscores the model's potential to enhance the field of bioinformatics, setting a new benchmark for performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":33315,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 ","pages":"1446063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-centered evaluation of explainable AI applications: a systematic review.","authors":"Jenia Kim, Henry Maathuis, Danielle Sent","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1456486","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frai.2024.1456486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to provide insights into the inner workings and the outputs of AI systems. Recently, there's been growing recognition that explainability is inherently human-centric, tied to how people perceive explanations. Despite this, there is no consensus in the research community on whether user evaluation is crucial in XAI, and if so, what exactly needs to be evaluated and how. This systematic literature review addresses this gap by providing a detailed overview of the current state of affairs in human-centered XAI evaluation. We reviewed 73 papers across various domains where XAI was evaluated with users. These studies assessed what makes an explanation \"good\" from a user's perspective, i.e., what makes an explanation <i>meaningful</i> to a user of an AI system. We identified 30 components of meaningful explanations that were evaluated in the reviewed papers and categorized them into a taxonomy of human-centered XAI evaluation, based on: (a) the contextualized quality of the explanation, (b) the contribution of the explanation to human-AI interaction, and (c) the contribution of the explanation to human-AI performance. Our analysis also revealed a lack of standardization in the methodologies applied in XAI user studies, with only 19 of the 73 papers applying an evaluation framework used by at least one other study in the sample. These inconsistencies hinder cross-study comparisons and broader insights. Our findings contribute to understanding what makes explanations meaningful to users and how to measure this, guiding the XAI community toward a more unified approach in human-centered explainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":33315,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 ","pages":"1456486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of pedagogical beliefs on the adoption of generative AI in higher education: predictive model from UTAUT2.","authors":"Julio Cabero-Almenara, Antonio Palacios-Rodríguez, María Isabel Loaiza-Aguirre, Paola Salomé Andrade-Abarca","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1497705","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frai.2024.1497705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) offers advanced tools that can personalize learning experiences and enhance teachers' research capabilities. This paper explores the beliefs of 425 university teachers regarding the integration of generative AI in educational settings, utilizing the UTAUT2 model to predict their acceptance and usage patterns through the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The findings indicate that performance expectations, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and hedonic motivation all positively impact the intention and behavior related to the use of AIEd. Notably, the study reveals that teachers with constructivist pedagogical beliefs are more inclined to adopt AIEd, underscoring the significance of considering teachers' attitudes and motivations for the effective integration of technology in education. This research provides valuable insights into the factors influencing teachers' decisions to embrace AIEd, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of technology integration in educational contexts. Moreover, the study's results emphasize the critical role of teachers' pedagogical orientations in their acceptance and utilization of AI technologies. Constructivist educators, who emphasize student-centered learning and active engagement, are shown to be more receptive to incorporating AIEd tools compared to their transmissive counterparts, who focus on direct instruction and information dissemination. This distinction highlights the need for tailored professional development programs that address the specific beliefs and needs of different teaching philosophies. Furthermore, the study's comprehensive approach, considering various dimensions of the UTAUT2 model, offers a robust framework for analyzing technology acceptance in education.</p>","PeriodicalId":33315,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 ","pages":"1497705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11524896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of Logistics 4.0 technologies: a case study through business intelligence framing by applying the Delphi method.","authors":"Joaquim Jorge Vicente, Lurdes Neves, Inês Bernardo","doi":"10.3389/frai.2024.1469958","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frai.2024.1469958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The growing competitiveness and the importance of data availability for organizations have created a demand for intelligent information systems capable of analyzing data to support strategy and decision-making. Organizations are generating more and more data due to new technologies associated with Industry 4.0 and Logistics 4.0, making it essential to transform this data into relevant information to streamline decision-making processes. This paper examines the influence of these technologies on gaining a competitive advantage, specifically in a logistics company, which is scarce in the literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case study was conducted in a Portuguese company using the Delphi method with 61 participants-employees who use the company's integrated BI tool daily. The participants were presented with a questionnaire via the online platform Welphi, requiring qualitative responses to various statements based on the literature review and the results of semi-structured meetings with the company.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study aimed to identify areas where employees believe more investment/ development is needed to optimize processes and improve the use of the BI tool in the future. The results indicate that BI is a crucial technology when aligned with a company's objectives and needs, highlighting the necessity of top management's involvement in optimizing the BI tool. Encouraging employees to use the BI tool emerged as a significant factor, underscoring the importance of leadership in innovative projects to achieve greater competitive advantage for the company.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study aims to understand the importance of Business Intelligence (BI) and how its functionalities should be adapted according to a company's strategy and objectives to optimize decision-making processes. Thereby, the discussion focused on the essential role of BI technologies in leveraging the company's competitive advantage.</p>","PeriodicalId":33315,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 ","pages":"1469958"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11525001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}