Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)最新文献

{"title":"Soviet Historiography of the US Foreign Policy on the PRC, 1949-1991","authors":"A. Goncharenko","doi":"10.21272/starovyna.2023.62.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2023.62.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the Soviet historiography of the US foreign policy on the China in 1949–1991. He lights main trends of researches in the Soviet historiography. The author gives an analysis of opinions of the Soviet Ukraine researchers on the US foreign policy on the PRC in 1949–1991. \u0000Over the 50 years, a circle of scientists constantly focusing on the research of the US foreign policy on the China, its principles, priorities and mechanisms has taken shape in the Soviet American studies. Scientists of that time were clamped in the ideological framework, which as a result reflected in historical research. However, this did not prevent historians from exploring current problems and discovering new sources. This influenced the development of American history studies.\u0000To reflect the trends, generalizing and some individual works on this topic are analyzed. The relationship between the ideological climate and orientation in historiography has been established.","PeriodicalId":332840,"journal":{"name":"Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)","volume":"591 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130587277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LABOR MIGRATION OF UKRAINIANS IN THE USSR: GUEST WORKER’S DIARY\u0000OF STAGNATION ERA AS A SOURCE TO THE STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON","authors":"V. M. Korol, S. Korol, A. Lysenko","doi":"10.21272/starovyna.2019.55.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2019.55.1","url":null,"abstract":"The publication is devoted to the study of the features of the phenomenon of Ukrainians\u0000labour migration during the Soviet era. Since the early 1970s, oil and gas production and sales abroad have become a major contributor to USSR profits. More and more personnel from the entire Soviet Union had to be recruited to produce hydrocarbons in the Far North. Thousands of Ukrainians went to work to develop oil fields and build infrastructure. The state government encouraged them with high pay and benefits.\u0000Diary of a Ukrainian guest worker Mykola Havrysh is introduced to scientific circulation in the publication. M. Havrysh was born in Sumy region, and at the Stagnation period he worked on the development of oil fields in Western Siberia. This diary describes the life of the author and his construction team chronologically from the autumn of 1974 to the\u0000summer of 1975.\u0000Different aspects and variants of motivation of workers to come to the Far North are\u0000defined in the text. The everyday life and leisure activities of the Soviet workers of the northern oil-producing territories are vividly illustrated. Staying in a harsh climate has made a significant impact on people’s lives. The daily life described in the pages of the diary is marked by unpretentiousness. Hunting and drinking alcohol were the most common entertainments for oilmen. The text of the published diary is accompanied by scanned copies of the author’s sketches and photographs from the Havrysh family archive.\u0000Key words: labour migration, guest workers, Far North, Stagnation period, diary, everyday life.","PeriodicalId":332840,"journal":{"name":"Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130636444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE POPULATION OF VOYIN TOWN (13th - 14th CENT.) ACCORDING TO CHRONOLOGICAL DATA","authors":"Y. Dolzhenko","doi":"10.21272/starovyna.2019.55.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2019.55.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the history of studies at the ancient Russian hill Fort and burial ground of the annalistic town Voyin. The author analyses the remains of people buried in Voyin during 13th - 14th cent. compares the morphological complexes from this series mainly to the Eastern European Slavs of 10th - 14th cent. It is possible to make the conclusion that the mail mesocranic series is related to the skulls from Stara Riazan and probably to Slovenes from Novgorod according to craniometrical data. According to the skulls’ classification by T. Aleksieieva, the mail selection belongs to mesodolychocranic type with merely wide face along with Tivertsi, Ulichs and Drevlians. According to typology by V. Diachenko, the mail group is a part of Neopolissian anthropological type with certain reservations. The female mesocranic selection is statistically close to Kyivan Polyany and Kryvichs. According to the scheme by T. Rudych, the female series belongs to mesocranic craniological type with the moderately wide face together with Kyivan Polyany after a sort.\u0000Key words: craniometry, cranioscopy, anthropology, Voyin, Central Dnieper Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":332840,"journal":{"name":"Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130665567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TO THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN-BULGARIAN DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS (MARCH 1921)","authors":"V. Vlasenko","doi":"10.21272/starovyna.2019.53.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2019.53.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":332840,"journal":{"name":"Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132102287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons and Principles of the Implementation of Compulsory Adult Education in Ukraine in the 20s of the 20th Century","authors":"N. Petrenko","doi":"10.21272/starovyna.2023.62.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2023.62.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on adult education in Ukraine during the Soviet era, in particular, with the campaign to eliminate illiteracy in the 1920s. The article explores the reasons behind the introduction of basic adult education in the early years of Soviet rule in Ukrainian territories and the key principles underlying this educational campaign.\u0000It was found that the main reasons for the elimination of illiteracy among the adult population in the 1920s were ideological and economic. The ideological reason was grounded in the Communist Party's desire to spread its ideology among the population of subordinate states, and illiterate individuals were unable to comprehend such information and propaganda through printed press, agitation posters, and other means. Additionally, during that period, the Soviet state was undergoing active industrialization, which required a significant number of educated workers.\u0000It was determined that the main principles of the introduction of adult education in Ukraine in the 1920s were categorical, universal, and mandatory measures; comprehensive state regulation; class-ideological character; rapid implementation of Ukrainization; training of teaching staff in a short time and simultaneously in all regions; maximum efforts aimed at creating a methodological and material basis; and the presence of criminal liability for those who obstruct the process of eliminating illiteracy.\u0000The author of the article touches on the issue of Ukrainization, as he believes that the campaign to eliminate illiteracy and Ukrainization are integral parts and features of the educational policy of the Soviet authorities in Ukraine.\u0000The documents of the State Archive of the Sumy region were used for the research, but the article does not emphasize the regional features of the issue raised.","PeriodicalId":332840,"journal":{"name":"Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132837964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“CHILDREN’S PLAGUE”: SMALLPOX IN EUROPE 16TH - 18TH CENTURIES AND THE FIRST ATTEMPTS TO PREVENT IT IN POLTAVA REGION","authors":"A. Podhorna","doi":"10.21272/starovyna.2019.54.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2019.54.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the morbidity and mortality of smallpox in Western Europe and the Russian Empire from the 16th to the beginning of the 19th century. At that time smallpox was almost a childhood disease, because before the introduction of vaccination in the 18th century about 80% of its victims were children under the age of 10. Widespread was the theory that the pathogens are present in the human body from birth. Effective treatment for smallpox has never existed, but the main procedures were correspond to the general level of medicine (bloodletting, laxative, herbal treatment). The first thing that really could protect for the disease was variolation. It is an artificial infection of a healthy person with smallpox material from a sick person with the hope that it can cause a mild illness with a small rash. It spread in Europe in the first quarter of the 17th century, thanks to E. Timoni, J. Woodworth and Lady M. Montague. Vaccination was the inoculation of humans with cowpox material, which also gave immunity from smallpox. It was invented in 1796 by the English doctor E. Jenner. His experiment based on the common belief that milkmaids never get sick with smallpox, but only with the cowpox. Since 1800, this method has spread into the Europe, displacing variolation. In the Russian Empire in 1811 the decree about the spreading the cowpox vaccinations was officially issued. It include the point about origination of the provincial and county smallpox committees to promote vaccination. Imperial officials in the case of the introduction of mass vaccination were relied on a church organization. It allows us to track smallpox control measures in the local level. In particular, the documents about the fight against smallpox in Pyriatyn County are concentrated in the fund of the Pyriatyn Spiritual Board of the State Archives of Poltava region (F. 801). The first official appeal to the Pyriatyn Spiritual Board in the case of encourage the population to vaccinate cowpox took place in 1804. In 1806 in each church was send the book about the useful of cowpox vaccination and the practice of this procedure. In 1831 the Pyriatyn Spiritual Board, for appeal of the County doctor, was call for priests to practice the vaccination against smallpox himself in their parishes. Poltava spiritual consistory established a number of decrees that introduce the duty of parishes clire to sent the semi-annual reports. They‘s content was different in different decree, and include the number of birth, death and vaccine children. The first was issued in 1806, and the next were after the establishment of smallpox committee in 1812, 1824 and 1833. The last of them provided the fixation of the number of death of smallpox among the children for every 6 month, from the second half of 1832. There was preserved corresponding reports of parish priests for the period from the second half of 1832 to the end of 1841. The most completed they was in 1833. In this year the general number","PeriodicalId":332840,"journal":{"name":"Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133931464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SECRETS OF ОNATSKY PENSION AND THE RUSSIAN FACTOR (based on the documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Italy, 1930-1941)","authors":"O. Y. Rumyantsev","doi":"10.21272/starovyna.2021.59.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2021.59.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the activities of E.D.Onatsky (Onac’kyj) in the Kingdom of Italy in the early 30s of the XX century. The Ukrainian researcher, journalist and politician came to Italy as the head of the Press-office of the Ukrainian diplomatic mission in Italy. He carried out scientific, journalistic and politic activities in the interwar period. During this period, Italy changed its foreign strategy: it proposed a Pact of four, became one of the main political players in Europe, signed a cooperation agreement with the USSR. The Ukrainian political activities in this period were under attention of the Italian political police. The active phase of observation was in 1933-1934, when the Soviet authorities openly criticized the development of the Ukrainian activity in Italy. The spies didn’t know the specifics of Ukrainian identity and they usually perceived Onatsky’s figure through the Russian worldview. The economic activity of the Onatskys, who rented rooms to guests arriving from other countries, is becoming another element of suspicion about the figure of the Ukrainian activist. The research is based on the documentation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy, on Onatsky’s diaries and on the results of research carried out by other scientists.","PeriodicalId":332840,"journal":{"name":"Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129537200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OFAGRICULTURAL PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS OF UKRAINIAN PROVINCES OFTHE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (EARLY 20TH CENTURY)","authors":"M. Lysenko","doi":"10.21272/starovyna.2020.58.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2020.58.1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to study the international cooperation of\u0000agricultural societies and its impact on the modernization of Ukrainian provinces.\u0000The author used comparative, chronological, problem and analytical research\u0000methods. On the basis of archival documents and the press of that time the author\u0000described and systematized new materials about the international activity of\u0000agricultural societies of the Ukrainian provinces. The author proves that it took\u0000various forms and contributed to the borrowing of useful foreign experience.\u0000It was found that international activities had developed from personal ties to\u0000mutual cooperation. The public’s tasks include holding numerous events. The author\u0000reconstructs the process of participation of members of agricultural organizations\u0000in various international events, including exhibitions. It was emphasized that these\u0000contacts were of mutual interest. They provided an opportunity for members of\u0000voluntary associations to learn from foreign experience. It is important that the\u0000experience was taken consciously.\u0000Considerable attention is paid to the initiatives of individuals – members of\u0000agricultural societies. The trips contributed to positive changes in society and the\u0000modernization of the region in general. The article examines the issue of conducting\u0000tours, practices for local landowners abroad by agricultural associations. The\u0000expediency of such forms of cooperation was realized by members of agricultural\u0000societies. The public understood the need for change.\u0000 We drew attention to a wide range of countries with which representatives\u0000of agricultural societies cooperated. The public of the Ukrainian provinces was\u0000interested in foreign governmental and public institutions in the field of agriculture.\u0000There was a search for new forms of work, among which is the creation of the socalled American agency.\u0000Foreign relations of Volyn hop growers should be called indicative. The joint\u0000work of representatives of the Volyn Hop Society was carried out together with\u0000government experts, foreign partners, including Ukrainian cooperatives in London.\u0000The initiative of agrarian public organizations received government assistance,\u0000and export chambers were established. Agricultural societies became their active\u0000participants and co-founders.\u0000It is concluded that the adoption of foreign experience and contacts with foreign\u0000organizations and professionals have contributed to qualitative changes in society.","PeriodicalId":332840,"journal":{"name":"Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121280740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UKRAINIAN INTERWAR IMMIGRATION IN СSR AND UKRAINIAN IMMIGRANTS’ BAD HABITS (1921-1939)","authors":"O. Zubko","doi":"10.21272/starovyna.2021.59.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2021.59.3","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse, coffeemania didn’t bypass the Ukrainians of the second (political) immigration wave, who found themselves on the ground of the interwar Czechoslovakia (СSR). Cigarettes, beer, vodka, morphine and coffee were in the focus of the Ukrainian immigration community’s representatives’ attention due to the scientific discoveries during the interwar period. Rapid development of the Czech automotive and aircraft industries, permanent advertising in newspapers and magazines caused fashion for smoking. Unlike the Czech men, who smoked «Marlboro» and «Camel» (sold on the territory of the Czech Republic since 1904) and the Czech women who preferred «Winston», the Ukrainians smoked cheap local «Vlasta» (known since 1916) because of the lack of money. The excessive use of draft beer and vodka was equally harmful for the Prague residents of the Ukrainian origin. Tapped beer together with traditional snacks were usually served in so called ‘yards’. “Flekovka” (a sort of dark beer) and «Staropramen» (a sort of light beer) were available, and the Ukrainians chose «Staropramen». In general beer was consumed for pleasure (even though with the last bit of money). On the contrary, drinking vodka was caused mostly by the psychological state of the Ukrainians. As for such dangerous habit as drug abuse, fortunately, it was not typical for the immigrants of the Ukrainian origin during the interwar period. Doing opium, morphine and cocaine was the most common habit for the Russian immigration. At the beginning of the ХХ century opium, morphine and cocaine were freely sold in pharmacy chains. For example, laudanum was prescribed to treat insomnia and diarrhea; powder-like heroin was taken in the case of bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, depression; laudanum was also considered to be a sedative for children; white crystals of morphine were used as a painkiller. Those drugs were listed in the register “certified financial statements” only in 1927 in Europe and in 1929 in the Czech Republic. The inhabitants of СSR of the Ukrainian origin were more interested in “Nescafe” instant coffee which became popular in 1938. During that period of time instant coffee was an innovative and cheap drink. It was rather important for immigrants because natural coffee cost a lot. Moreover, coffee in shops was sold together with milk chocolate or condensed milk, which psychologically made the life sweeter.","PeriodicalId":332840,"journal":{"name":"Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131950787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIAL STABILITY AND FOOD SECURITY OF THE GERMAN\u0000POPULATION DURING WORLD WAR II 1939–1945","authors":"A. Goncharenko, Andriy Lebid, Kateryna Murashko","doi":"10.21272/starovyna.2022.61.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/starovyna.2022.61.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the problem of social stability and food\u0000securement of the German population during the Second World War 1939–1945.\u0000It is found that the centralized system of food security introduced in Germany\u0000during the Second World War played an important role in providing the\u0000population with a minimum set of provisions. The policy of the Nazi regime\u0000towards its citizens in order to save food is highlighted. It was established that the\u0000successful solution of the problem of food security of the population was one of\u0000the primary tasks for the Third Reich, on which the victory over the enemy, the\u0000normal functioning of the state and the leading branches of the national economy\u0000depended. It is characterized how, under the existing restrictions of totalitarianauthoritarian Germany, decisions were made in favour of some and at the\u0000expense of others","PeriodicalId":332840,"journal":{"name":"Sums'ka Starovyna (Ancient Sumy Land)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116656495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}