{"title":"Circuits for digitally synthesizing very long HPM pulses in compact geometry","authors":"O. Zucker","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2011.6191567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2011.6191567","url":null,"abstract":"A unique subset of photoconductive switch based HPM uses thin films such as transmission lines (TL). Such films exhibit very high fields and very low impedances. Combining high-speed turn on with low impedance requires unique integration techniques between switches and TLs. The successful implementation of such integration in turn allows the construction of very high power density low voltage sources. Such disparate sources are inherently coherent with one another and allow for spatial beam combining to very high power.","PeriodicalId":331835,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131343979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gene expression analysis of apoptosis pathway in HeLa S3 cells subjected to nanosecond pulsed electric fields","authors":"M. Yano, K. Abe, S. Katsuki, H. Akiyama","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2011.6191588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2011.6191588","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the apoptosis-related internal signaling pathways via mitochondria and via endoplasmic reticulum in HeLa S3 cells subjected to nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs). Gene expressions of several proteins associated with the apoptosis pathways were analyzed by means of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Also we investigated the effect of the field-induced trans-membrane ion influx on the apoptosis activity. A magnetic pulse compressor (MPC) was used to deliver non-thermal 120 ns long pulsed electric fields repetitively to the cells. The field strength and the pulse number were set at 12.5 kV/cm and 100, respectively, to give sub-lethal effect to the cells. The analysis implies the signal communication based on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) should be activated by the application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Also the trans-membrane ion influx is considered to relate to the initial phase of apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":331835,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129171612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a boost converter topology for a high repetition pulsed power generator","authors":"A. Nami, T. Sakamoto, M. Akiyama, H. Akiyama","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2011.6191610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2011.6191610","url":null,"abstract":"A DC-DC boost converter with series-connected BiMosfet switches has been tailored as a current source topology to store the energy in the inductive element and pump the stored energy into the output capacitors in order to generate repetitive high voltage pulses. This topology not only eliminates the high frequency transformer to generate high voltage pulses but also output energy, voltage rise time (dv/dt), and voltage level per pulse can be controlled by the current through the inductor in each load discharge cycle. The performance of the proposed topology in single and repetitive pulse operation has been verified with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":331835,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125434440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recombination lifetime modification in bulk, semi-insulating 4H-SiC photoconductive switches","authors":"C. Hettler, W. Sullivan, J. Dickens","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2011.6191652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2011.6191652","url":null,"abstract":"A series of high temperature annealing experiments were performed to characterize the processing parameters that alter the recombination lifetime in high purity, semi-insulating (HPSI) silicon carbide (SiC). All annealed samples were diced from a single 4H-SiC wafer with a measured resistivity of greater than 109 Ω-cm. The samples were annealed for various lengths of time in a PID-controlled high temperature induction furnace at 1810 °C. A 35 GHz microwave photoconductivity decay (MPCD) system was used to measure the transient photoconductivity of the as-grown and processed samples. Through numerical processing of the temporal characteristics of the illuminating laser pulse, the photoconductivity transients were simulated with various recombination lifetimes to fit the experimental MPCD data. The results show that the as-grown material has an average recombination lifetime of 6 ns. However, samples annealed for more than 100 minutes demonstrated recombination lifetimes in excess of 100 ns. The annealing process reduces the concentration of shallow point defects (Z1/Z2) in the bulk material which serve as recombination centers in HPSI 4H-SiC, extending the carrier lifetime. Finally, the impacts of increased recombination lifetime in photoconductive switch operation and performance are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":331835,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125493756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. El-kishky, H. Ibrahimi, M. Abu Dakka, A. Eid, M. Abdel-Akher
{"title":"Modeling and characterization of VSCF aircraft electric power systems with nonlinear loading","authors":"H. El-kishky, H. Ibrahimi, M. Abu Dakka, A. Eid, M. Abdel-Akher","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2011.6191668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2011.6191668","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a comprehensive model of variable-speed, constant-frequency (VSCF) aircraft electric power system (AEPS) with a large share of nonlinear loads is developed. The model is used to study the performance of the system under different nonlinear loading conditions. The performance of the VSCF AEPS is studied over the entire range of the aircraft electric power system operating frequency. Moreover, the model is extended to study the performance of the AEPS under nonlinear loading along with harmonic cancellation. Both transient and steady-state performance characteristics of the system are obtained and investigated. The effect of nonlinear loading on power quality of the AEPS is also investigated and compared to applicable aircraft electric power system's IEEE and military standards.","PeriodicalId":331835,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126830812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a novel multi-output synchronous trigger generator for linear transformer driver","authors":"Y. Lei, Kefu Liu, J. Qiu","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2011.6191553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2011.6191553","url":null,"abstract":"A new triggering technology is proposed based on reversed-LTD principle, which is named LTD-trigger. It has a similar structure to LTD device, but it operates reversely relative to LTD. LTD-trigger is an inductive voltage divider contrast to LTD based on inductive voltage adder in principle. Its input port and output port is opposite to LTD configuration. With one primary fast high-voltage pulsed power supply of LTD-trigger, multichannel fast triggering pulsed voltages can be obtained by the linear inductive transformer (magnetic core) to trigger corresponding LTD switches. It reduces the delay and jitter time due to the intrinsic advantages from coaxial configuration over the conventional triggering method. With careful design, LTD-trigger can match the time sequence of triggered switches in the different cavities in LTD. The paper analyzed the working principle of LTD-trigger by establishing a circuit model and simulation. Taking some fault factors into consideration, the results showed that the LTD-trigger is reliable. At present a test stand and experiments is underway.","PeriodicalId":331835,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123270941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Finite-Difference time-domain simulation of formative delay times of plasma at high RF electric fields in gases","authors":"P. Ford, H. Krompholz, A. Neuber","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2011.6191415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2011.6191415","url":null,"abstract":"A Finite Difference (FD) algorithm was developed to calculate the formative delay time between the application of an RF field to a dielectric surface and the formation of a field-induced plasma interrupting the RF power flow. The analysis is focused on the surface being exposed to a background gas pressure above 50 torr. The FD-algorithm is chosen over particle-in-cell methods due to its higher computational speed and its ease of being ported to commercial electromagnetics solvers. The dynamic frequency-dependent permittivity of the plasma is mapped to the time domain of the FD algorithm using the Z transform. Therefore, together with the electron density, the effect of the developing plasma on the instantaneous microwave field is calculated. The high observed value of absorption, up to 60 %, is a result of the momentum transfer collision frequencies in the developing plasma being much larger than the microwave frequency. As a result, the electron density increases to values well beyond the density calculated from setting a plasma frequency equal to the microwave frequency. In the experiment, flashover is induced across a Lucite window by a 4 MW S-band magnetron operating at 2.85 GHz with ∼ 50 ns rise time. The results of the FD simulation are compared with experimental data obtained from flashover with background gases such as nitrogen, air, and argon all at pressures exceeding 50 Torr.","PeriodicalId":331835,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126202174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lodes, R. Curry, M. E. Rudroff, Mark F. C. Schmidt, A. J. Bauer, W. Brown
{"title":"Spectroscopic measurements of a toroidal air plasma","authors":"A. Lodes, R. Curry, M. E. Rudroff, Mark F. C. Schmidt, A. J. Bauer, W. Brown","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2011.6191599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2011.6191599","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-millisecond duration, exploding wire air plasma with electron density of at least 10<sup>14</sup>–10<sup>15</sup> /cm<sup>3</sup> has been developed. Confining the radial expansion of an exploding wire discharge has resulted in interesting hydrodynamic effects, producing a toroidal air plasma, or TAP.","PeriodicalId":331835,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122537429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Hirota, S. Okada, D. Wang, T. Namihira, H. Akiyama
{"title":"Axial propagation of nano-seconds pulsed discharge in coaxial reactor","authors":"T. Hirota, S. Okada, D. Wang, T. Namihira, H. Akiyama","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2011.6191437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2011.6191437","url":null,"abstract":"Non-thermal plasma has been widely used in many applications, such as ozone generation, control of NOx and SOx from exhaust gases, dioxin decomposition, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal and laser excitation. Recently, it is demonstrated by our research group that the non-thermal plasma produced using the nano-seconds pulsed discharge has higher energy efficiencies of ozone generation and removal of pollutants in gases. However, the physical characteristics of nano-seconds pulsed streamer discharge is still not clear enough. In this paper, the axial propagations of nano-seconds pulsed discharge in a coaxial reactor were investigated by observing its streak images. In the results, influence of applied voltages and feeding gas composition against nano-seconds pulsed discharge propagation velocity are reported.","PeriodicalId":331835,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126293914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a cluster burst pulse generator based on a SOS diode switch for bioelectrics applications","authors":"T. Toyooka, Y. Minamitani","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2011.6191580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2011.6191580","url":null,"abstract":"Nanosecond and sub-nanosecond high voltage pulses can provide new biological applications. A cancer treatment by an ultra-short pulse high electric field is one of them. High power pulsed electromagnetic wave has been proposed to apply the high electric field for that treatment. This work focuses on the design of a compact high power pulsed electromagnetic wave generator using a nanosecond pulsed power generator for the cancer treatment. In this study, we have developed the pulsed power generator that outputs the multiple burst pulses in a cluster continuously. The generator uses a magnetic switch instead of the gap switch and uses a SOS diode with current cutoff time of nanoseconds. The cluster pulse has 7 burst pulses that are repeated at 2 Mpps. The frequency of the burst pulse is 50 MHz. The peak output voltage is 7.52 kV.","PeriodicalId":331835,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115948020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}