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Drone deployed sensors: a tool for multiparametric near-vent measurements of volcanic explosions 无人机部署传感器:一种多参数近火山口火山爆发测量工具
Volcanica Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.01.95106
{"title":"Drone deployed sensors: a tool for multiparametric near-vent measurements of volcanic explosions","authors":"","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.01.95106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.01.95106","url":null,"abstract":"Observations and measurements on active volcanoes are commonly conducted at a distance considered safe from the inherent dangers linked to volcanic explosions. This reduction in proximity adds a degree of uncertainty to the interpretation of monitoring data due to enhanced signal path effects. Here, we describe custom-built, drone-deployable sensor platforms designed to acquire data at high proximity to volcanic vents. They are equipped with an environmental sensor capable of measuring temperature, relative humidity and barometric pressure, a microphone (6 Hz–20 kHz) to reconstruct the acoustic pressure, and an electrical resonant circuit to detect electrical signals in the 500 kHz frequency band. Communication and data transfer is achieved through a radio link between the sensor platform and the base station. Our sensor platforms may be employed in the collection of data of near-vent characteristics of volcanic explosions, observations that are essential for quantifying and understanding the driving forces underlying volcanic explosions.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44774404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How inclusive is volcanology? Insights from global bibliometric analyses 火山学的包容性如何?来自全球文献计量分析的见解
Volcanica Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.01.7794
G. Lerner, George T. Williams, Elinor S. Meredith, S. Jenkins, J. Barclay
{"title":"How inclusive is volcanology? Insights from global bibliometric analyses","authors":"G. Lerner, George T. Williams, Elinor S. Meredith, S. Jenkins, J. Barclay","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.01.7794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.01.7794","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we use bibliometric methods to assess the way in which local researchers are included in volcanological publications by comparing the affiliation of authors with the country in which researched volcanoes are located. Globally, 40 % of articles about a specific volcano do not include an author whose affiliation is based in the country where the volcano is located (a locally domiciled author), while 56 % are led by authors not based in the country of the volcano. Over the past three decades, first-authorship rates among local researchers have not increased. However, local researchers have becomemore frequently included as co-authors in research led by researchers domiciled elsewhere. We provide examples of how this bibliometric analysis can be used to evaluate several specific inclusion-related topics. The results of these analyses suggest that there is room for improvement in inclusivity in volcanological research and cause for reflection on how we collaborate with international partners.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43675381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
meltPT: A Python package for basaltic whole-rock thermobarometric analysis with application to Hawaiʻi meltPT:一个用于玄武岩全岩热气压分析的Python包，应用于夏威夷
Volcanica Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.01.6376
F. McNab, P. Ball
{"title":"meltPT: A Python package for basaltic whole-rock thermobarometric analysis with application to Hawaiʻi","authors":"F. McNab, P. Ball","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.01.6376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.01.6376","url":null,"abstract":"Quantifying the depths and temperatures from which igneous rocks are derived is an important step in understanding volcanic, magmatic and mantle processes. We present meltPT, a Python package that allows users to apply twelve published whole-rock thermobarometers within a consistent framework, as well as combine thermobarometric results and geothermal models to estimate mantle potential temperatures. We apply meltPT to basaltic rocks from mid-ocean ridges and the Hawaiian Islands. We find mid-ocean ridge basalts equilibrate between 1–2 GPa and 1275–1475 ℃, corresponding to an ambient mantle potential temperature of ~1400 ℃. We estimate that the Hawaiian plume has an excess temperature of ~150 ℃. Hawaiian melt-equilibration depths increase from 1–3 GPa to 2.5–5 GPa through each island's life cycle. Our results indicate that multiple lithologies are present within the plume, and that transient plume reconfiguration in response to changing plate velocity is a viable mechanism for generating Hawaiʻi's two geochemically distinct plume tracks.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44410274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Exploring the best communication channels to inform a local population about volcanic risk 探索最好的沟通渠道，向当地居民通报火山风险
Volcanica Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.01.4562
S. Rouquette, Lise Jacquez, B. van Wyk de Vries, Luisa Macedo Franco
{"title":"Exploring the best communication channels to inform a local population about volcanic risk","authors":"S. Rouquette, Lise Jacquez, B. van Wyk de Vries, Luisa Macedo Franco","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.01.4562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.01.4562","url":null,"abstract":" Which communication channels should be prioritized to make populations aware of local volcanic risks? In the internet age, is it still necessary to privilege the classic channels (radio, television, posters), or are the new communication channels (websites, social media) sufficient? Using an interview-based survey of a population in Peru (n = 76) who have been the object of several volcanic risk communication campaigns using posters, websites, social media and traditional media, we compare the recall (memorization) and perception of these previous campaigns. Two main empirical results emerge from the interviews: 1) Web- sites are proving to be particularly effective communication channels in this context, in stark contrast to the low impact of the printed press; 2) We find that the the same communication campaigns are perceived differently by residents depending on the neighborhood in which they live. This second empirical result advocates for a much more territory-based and localized strategy, where the district by district socio-cultural and geological environment form the foundations for communication strategies.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46425768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hawaiʻi residents' perceptions of Kīlauea's 2018 eruption information 夏威夷居民对2018年火山喷发信息的认知
Volcanica Pub Date : 2023-02-05 DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.01.1943
Robert Goldman, Wendy K. Stovall, D. Damby, Sara K. Mcbride
{"title":"Hawaiʻi residents' perceptions of Kīlauea's 2018 eruption information","authors":"Robert Goldman, Wendy K. Stovall, D. Damby, Sara K. Mcbride","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.01.1943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.01.1943","url":null,"abstract":"The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano was notable for its variety of large and spatially distinct hazards, simultaneously affecting three geographically disparate, culturally diverse regions in Hawaiʻi. We conducted a pilot study, consisting of 18 semi-structured interviews, two survey responses, and several informal conversations with Hawaiʻi residents to learn which sources/messengers of eruption information were deemed most trusted and credible. Participants' perceptions of the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), community-based messengers, and traditional news media can be examined across four themes: relevance, expertise, sincerity, and pace. Among our interview participants, Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) residents placed the highest trust in their community messengers, summit residents deemed HVO most trustworthy, and Kaʻū residents trusted information from both HVO and local news media. Our findings suggest that future official eruption communications would benefit from 1) designating communications personnel to act as community liaisons and 2) increasing pace and relevance of information delivery.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48571401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Late complex tensile fracturing interacts with topography at Cumbre Vieja, La Palma 拉帕尔马Cumbre Vieja油藏晚期复杂张性压裂与地形相互作用
Volcanica Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.01.0117
T. Walter, E. Zorn, P. González, Eugenio Sansosti, Valeria Muñoz, A. Shevchenko, S. Plank, Diego Reale, N. Richter
{"title":"Late complex tensile fracturing interacts with topography at Cumbre Vieja, La Palma","authors":"T. Walter, E. Zorn, P. González, Eugenio Sansosti, Valeria Muñoz, A. Shevchenko, S. Plank, Diego Reale, N. Richter","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.01.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.01.0117","url":null,"abstract":"Volcanic eruptions are often preceded by episodes of in ation and emplacement of magma along tensile fractures. Here we study the 2021 Tajogaite-Cumbre Vieja eruption on La Palma, Canary Islands, and present evidence for tensile fractures dissecting the new cone during the terminal stage of the eruption. We use synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations, together with drone images and time-lapse camera data, to determine the timing, scale and complexities associated with a fracturing event, which is diverging at a topographic ridge. By comparing the field dataset with analogue models, we further explore the details of lens-shaped fractures that are characteristic for faults diverging at topographic highs and converging at topographic lows. The observations made at Cumbre Vieja and in our models are transferrable to other volcanoes and add further evidence that topography is substantially affecting the geometry and complexity of fractures and magma pathways, and the locations of eruptions.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43845111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Geothermal potential of small sub-volcanic intrusions in a typical Icelandic caldera setting 冰岛典型破火山口环境中小型次火山侵入体的地热潜力
Volcanica Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.30909/vol.05.02.477507
S. Burchardt, M. Bazargan, Einar Bessi Gestsson, C. Hieronymus, E. Ronchin, H. Tuffen, M. Heap, Jonathan Davidson, B. Kennedy, A. Hobé, E. Saubin
{"title":"Geothermal potential of small sub-volcanic intrusions in a typical Icelandic caldera setting","authors":"S. Burchardt, M. Bazargan, Einar Bessi Gestsson, C. Hieronymus, E. Ronchin, H. Tuffen, M. Heap, Jonathan Davidson, B. Kennedy, A. Hobé, E. Saubin","doi":"10.30909/vol.05.02.477507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.05.02.477507","url":null,"abstract":"Geothermal exploration targets large magmatic intrusions as heat sources because of their size, longevity, and amount of stored energy, but as shallow volcanic plumbing systems comprise numerous smaller intrusions, their geothermal potential warrants consideration. Here, we evaluate the geothermal impact of dykes and sills on caldera-infill rocks. We present geological data and geothermometry on intrusions in the eroded Breiðuvík caldera in Northeast Iceland, which serves as an analogue to the active, and geothermally exploited, Krafla volcano. These data inform 2D finite element models of dyke and sill intrusions that consider heat transfer in porous media. Our results indicate that small intrusions create considerable thermal anomalies in their immediate vicinity. These anomalies are larger-magnitude and longer-lasting for individual thick sills and dykes, but networks of smaller sills and dykes emplaced close in time and space can create more widespread thermal anomalies that may be viable economic targets for decades after their emplacement.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47906565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design, implementation, and insights from a volcanology Virtual Field Trip to Iceland 冰岛火山学虚拟实地考察的设计、实施和见解
Volcanica Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.30909/vol.05.02.451467
Alexander Watson, Ben M. Kennedy, Alison Jolley, Jonathan Davidson, E. Brogt
{"title":"Design, implementation, and insights from a volcanology Virtual Field Trip to Iceland","authors":"Alexander Watson, Ben M. Kennedy, Alison Jolley, Jonathan Davidson, E. Brogt","doi":"10.30909/vol.05.02.451467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.05.02.451467","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual field trips (VFTs) are an effective form of geoscience teaching to support or provide alternatives to in-person field trips. We report on the design and implementation of the Iceland VFT aimed at teaching physical volcanology in a third-year undergraduate course. An evaluation exercise administered following the VFT allowed students to reflect on their learning and provided insights into the student experience. Students found the VFT an interesting and motivating learning experience due to the three-dimensional visualisations, entertaining videos, and being exposed to ‘real life’ volcanic environments. Students made suggestions on how to improve the VFT, including minimising technical difficulties and completing the VFT at home to allow more time for classroom discussions. These suggestions were implemented in the second iteration of the VFT and informed the development of two massive open online courses and switch to a flipped classroom.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42227885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Widespread phosphorous excess in olivine, rapid crystal growth, and implications for magma dynamics 橄榄石中磷的广泛过剩、晶体的快速生长以及对岩浆动力学的影响
Volcanica Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.30909/vol.05.02.433450
Cin-Ty A. Lee, Chenguang Sun, Eytan Sharton-Bierig, P. Phelps, J. Borchardt, Boda Liu, G. Costin, A. Johnston
{"title":"Widespread phosphorous excess in olivine, rapid crystal growth, and implications for magma dynamics","authors":"Cin-Ty A. Lee, Chenguang Sun, Eytan Sharton-Bierig, P. Phelps, J. Borchardt, Boda Liu, G. Costin, A. Johnston","doi":"10.30909/vol.05.02.433450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.05.02.433450","url":null,"abstract":"Trace element zoning is often used to unravel the crystallization history of phenocrysts in magmatic systems, but interpretation requires quantifying the relative importance of equilibrium versus disequilibrium. Published partition coefficients for phosphorous (P) in olivine vary by more than a factor of ten. After considering kinetic effects, a new equilibrium partition coefficient was extrapolated from a re-examination of natural and experimental systems, indicating that P partition coefficients in olivine are significantly over-estimated. These new partitioning constraints allow us to establish a theoretical P Equilibrium Fractionation Array (PEFA) for mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), revealing that most olivines from MORBs have excess P (2–15 times PEFA) and are thus in disequilibrium. Using an independent case study of natural dendritic olivines, we show that such P enrichments can be explained by diffusion-limited incorporation of P during rapid crystal growth. If growth rate can be related to cooling, the rapid growth rates of olivines have implications for magma system dynamics, such as the size of magma bodies or where crystallization occurs within the body.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44459666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Spatial analysis of globally detected volcanic lightning from the June 2019 eruption of Raikoke volcano, Kuril Islands 2019年6月千岛群岛Raikoke火山爆发时全球探测到的火山闪电的空间分析
Volcanica Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.30909/vol.05.02.385395
Cassandra M. Smith, A. V. Van Eaton, D. Schneider, L. Mastin, R. Matoza, Kathleen F. McKee, S. Maher
{"title":"Spatial analysis of globally detected volcanic lightning from the June 2019 eruption of Raikoke volcano, Kuril Islands","authors":"Cassandra M. Smith, A. V. Van Eaton, D. Schneider, L. Mastin, R. Matoza, Kathleen F. McKee, S. Maher","doi":"10.30909/vol.05.02.385395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.05.02.385395","url":null,"abstract":"The 21–22 June 2019 eruption of Raikoke volcano, Russia, provided an opportunity to explore how spatial trends in volcanic lightning locations provide insights into pulsatory eruption dynamics. Using satellite-derived plume heights, we examine the development of lightning detected by Vaisala’s Global Lightning Dataset (GLD360) from eleven, closely spaced eruptive pulses. Results from one-dimensional plume modeling show that the eruptive pulses with maximum heights 9–16.5 km above sea level were capable of producing ice in the upper troposphere, which contributed variably to electrification and volcanic lightning. A key finding is that lightning locations not only followed the main dispersal direction of these ash plumes, but also tracked a lower-level cloud derived from pyroclastic density currents. We show a positive relationship between umbrella cloud expansion and the area over which lightning occurs (the ‘lightning footprint’). These observations suggest useful metrics to characterize ongoing eruptive activity in near real-time.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45939668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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