Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.02.471501

Sarah Shi, W. Towbin, Terry Plank, Anna Barth, Daniel Rasmussen, Yves Moussallam, Hyun Joo Lee, William Menke

{"title":"PyIRoGlass: An open-source, Bayesian MCMC algorithm for fitting baselines to FTIR spectra of basaltic-andesitic glasses","authors":"Sarah Shi, W. Towbin, Terry Plank, Anna Barth, Daniel Rasmussen, Yves Moussallam, Hyun Joo Lee, William Menke","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.02.471501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.02.471501","url":null,"abstract":"Quantifying volatile concentrations in magmas is critical for understanding magma storage, phase equilibria, and eruption processes. We present PyIRoGlass, an open-source Python package for quantifying concentrations of H2O and CO2 species in the transmission FTIR spectra of basaltic to andesitic glasses. We leverage a dataset of natural melt inclusions and back-arc basin basalts with volatiles below detection to delineate the fundamental shape and variability of the baseline underlying the CO32- and H2Om, 1635 peaks, in the mid-infrared region. All Beer-Lambert Law parameters are examined to quantify associated uncertainties. PyIRoGlass employs Bayesian inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to fit all probable baselines and peaks, solving for best-fit parameters and capturing covariance to offer robust uncertainty estimates. Results from PyIRoGlass agree with independent analyses of experimental devolatilized glasses (within 6 %) and interlaboratory standards (10 % for H2O, 6 % for CO2). We determine new molar absorptivities for basalts, εH2Ot,3550 = 63.03 ± 4.47 L/mol · cm and εCO2−3,1515,1430 = 303.44 ± 9.20 L/mol · cm; we additionally update the composition-dependent parameterizations of molar absorptivities, with their uncertainties, for all H2O and CO2 species peaks. The open-source nature of PyIRoGlass ensures its adaptability and evolution as more data become available.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"52 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Hot and sticky" and "cold and damp" pyroclastic eruptions, and their relationship with topography: valley- and lake-filling ignimbrites, Ardnamurchan, NW Scotland "热而粘 "和 "冷而湿 "的火成碎屑岩喷发及其与地形的关系：苏格兰西北部阿达纳穆尔昌的山谷和湖泊填充火成碎屑岩

Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.02.503524

David Brown, Ailsa K. Quirie, Peter Reynolds, Simon M. Drake

引用次数: 0

abundance of submarine volcanism in arcs 弧区海底火山活动的丰富性

Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.02.447459

D. Abbott, James L Rubenstone

引用次数: 0

Numerical modeling predicts seismic resonances in the magma chamber-conduit system due to wavefield capturing 数值建模预测波场捕捉导致的岩浆室-导管系统地震共振

Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.02.461470

Fabian Limberger, Georg Rümpker

引用次数: 0

A record of magmatic differentiation in plutonic xenoliths from Santorini (Greece) 圣托里尼岛（希腊）块状异岩石中的岩浆分异记录

Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.02.421446

S. Whitley, R. Halama, R. Gertisser, T. Hansteen, M. Frische, Torsten Vennemann

{"title":"A record of magmatic differentiation in plutonic xenoliths from Santorini (Greece)","authors":"S. Whitley, R. Halama, R. Gertisser, T. Hansteen, M. Frische, Torsten Vennemann","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.02.421446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.02.421446","url":null,"abstract":"Plutonic xenoliths from volcanic arcs provide unique insights into transcrustal magmatic systems in subduction zone settings. At Santorini volcano in the Central Aegean Volcanic Arc (Greece), plutonic xenoliths occur throughout a sequence of lavas and pyroclastic rocks erupted within the last ~360 ka. They are mineralogically variable, ranging from troctolites to olivine gabbros, gabbros, gabbronorites, and diorites. Thermobarometric calculations based on mineral and melt inclusion compositions indicate equilibration over a range of temperatures (1100 to 750 °C) at shallow to mid-crustal depths (P <400 MPa), but there is no evidence for crystallisation at lower crustal depths. Oxygen isotope data of mineral separates and calculated δ18O melt values are in line with extensive closed-system fractional crystallisation at magmatic temperatures, without a requirement for extensive assimilation of the subvolcanic continental basement. The xenolith minerals compositionally overlap with phenocrysts from the volcanic rocks, but they also contain evidence for the presence of highly evolved melt compositions in the form of melt inclusions with extremely silica-rich compositions (up to 82 wt.% SiO2) and high enrichments of incompatible trace elements coupled with increasing negative Eu anomalies in clinopyroxenes. Since these characteristics correlate systematically with differentiation indices and rock type, they are interpreted to reflect melt evolution via fractional crystallisation as the dominant differentiation process with no significant role of reactive porous flow. These observations highlight that trapped melt fractions can influence mineral compositional variations in the plutonic xenoliths, and in turn the mineral compositions demonstrate a melt compositional variability not preserved in the volcanic rock record.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DiadFit: An open-source Python3 tool for peak fitting of Raman data from silicate melts and CO2 fluids DiadFit：用于硅酸盐熔体和二氧化碳流体拉曼数据峰值拟合的开源 Python3 工具

Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.335359

P. Wieser, C. Devitre

{"title":"DiadFit: An open-source Python3 tool for peak fitting of Raman data from silicate melts and CO2 fluids","authors":"P. Wieser, C. Devitre","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.335359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.335359","url":null,"abstract":"We present DiadFit—an open-source Python3 tool for efficient processing of Raman spectroscopy data collected from fluid inclusions, melt inclusions and silicate melts. DiadFit is optimized to fit the characteristic peaks from CO2 fluids (Fermi diads, hot bands, 13C), gas species such as SO2, N2, solid precipitates (e.g. carbonates), and Ne emission lines with easily tweakable background positions and peak shapes. DiadFit's peak fitting functions are used as part of a number of workflows optimized for quantification of CO2 in melt inclusion vapour bubbles and fluid inclusions. DiadFit can also convert between temperature, pressure and density using various CO2 and CO2-H2O equations of state (EOS), allowing calculation of fluid inclusion pressures (and depths in the crust), conversion of homogenization temperatures from microthermometry to CO2 density, and propagation of uncertainties associated with EOS calculations using Monte Carlo methods. There are also functions to quantify the area ratio of the silicate vs. H2O region of spectra collected on silicate glasses to determine H2O contents in glasses and melt inclusions. Documentation and worked examples are available (https://bit.ly/DiadFitRTD, https://bit.ly/DiadFitYouTube).","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Temporal variations in storage conditions of the post-collapse rhyolites, Valles Caldera, New Mexico (USA) 美国新墨西哥州 Valles Caldera 崩塌后流纹岩储存条件的时间变化

Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.303333

Magdalen Grismer, Laura Waters

引用次数: 0

The utility of TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X, and PAZ for studying global volcanic activity: Successes, challenges, and future prospects TerraSAR-X、TanDEM-X 和 PAZ 对研究全球火山活动的实用性：成功、挑战和未来展望

Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.273301

Federico Galetto, E. Dualeh, F. Delgado, M. Pritchard, Michael P. Poland, S. Ebmeier, T. Shreve, Juliet Biggs, Ian Hamling, C. Wauthier, Judit Gonzalez Santana, J. Froger, M. Bemelmans

{"title":"The utility of TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X, and PAZ for studying global volcanic activity: Successes, challenges, and future prospects","authors":"Federico Galetto, E. Dualeh, F. Delgado, M. Pritchard, Michael P. Poland, S. Ebmeier, T. Shreve, Juliet Biggs, Ian Hamling, C. Wauthier, Judit Gonzalez Santana, J. Froger, M. Bemelmans","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.273301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.273301","url":null,"abstract":"TerraSAR-X (TSX), TanDEM-X (TDX), and PAZ Synthetic Aperture Radar data have been used at over 120 volcanoes to assess surface characteristics and change over time. We examine previous work, adding additional examples to understand where and when these data are most useful for volcanology. We focus on volcanoes as part of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Volcano Demonstrator Project. TSX/TDX/PAZ data provide a valuable means of detecting small surface changes from amplitude images and topographic changes from bistatic TSX/TDX data. For short temporal and perpendicular baselines, TDX/TSX/PAZ can also provide useful deformation data, even in presence of vegetation. No global background mission currently acquires TSX/TDX/PAZ data at volcanoes: 70 % high spatial resolution data, limiting their suitability for studying pre-eruptive unrest. Coordinated targeting by SAR constellations of priority volcanoes would provide data and insights valuable for forecasting eruptions and associated hazards.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moinui Flow on Mauna Loa: transport and deposition of an olivine crystal cargo in a compound basaltic lava flow 莫纳洛亚岛的莫伊努伊熔岩流：复合玄武岩熔岩流中橄榄石晶体货物的迁移和沉积

Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.247272

Stephen Barnes, Thorvaldur Thordarson, Robin E.T. Hill, C. Perring, Sarah E. Dowling, B. Godel

{"title":"Moinui Flow on Mauna Loa: transport and deposition of an olivine crystal cargo in a compound basaltic lava flow","authors":"Stephen Barnes, Thorvaldur Thordarson, Robin E.T. Hill, C. Perring, Sarah E. Dowling, B. Godel","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.247272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.247272","url":null,"abstract":"The Moinui lava flow on the west flank of Mauna Loa, Hawai`i, is a 32-km-long pāhoehoe basalt flow, between 760 and 1500 years old, characterised by the presence of two generations of olivine: 2–5-mm-sized glomerocrystic clusters of equant polyhedral grains, and dendritic plates. Both generations are distributed throughout the flow field from the vent at 3400 m above sea level to the ocean. We mapped roadcut outcrops in detail to investigate the internal geometry and emplacement mechanisms of the flow, and sampled these outcrops to collect quantitative textural data on the two olivine populations in 2D and 3D, with a view to understanding emplacement processes in general, and the factors controlling the growth, transport, and deposition of phenocryst olivine in particular. Roadcut outcrops reveal complex geometries of interconnected tube-fed sheet lobes, with the main control being pre-existing topography: drained tubes with flanking sheet lobes were developed on the seaward slope of the volcano, whereas tumuli were developed on the flat coastal plain topography. The internal architecture of the flow field is consistent with current hypotheses of emplacement by breakout and inflation of flow lobes from tube-fed internal pathways. Concentrations of up to 30% olivine represent settling of the larger size-fraction of the transported load, with no evidence for superimposed effects of flow differentiation.Implied effective viscosities were around 1000 Pa s. The glomerocrystic population was inherited as pre-existing crystal clusters derived from a sub-volcanic chamber, rather than by synneusis (random collision and aggregation) post-eruption, whereas the plate population was probably generated by a burst of nucleation related to degassing and supercooling during the vent eruption. Other than this, there is no evidence for substantial growth of the transported olivines during flow.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"66 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland 对冰岛斯特罗库尔间歇泉水球爆炸的摄像和地震监测

Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.229245

E. Eibl, Sandeep Karmacharya, Alina V. Shevchenko, Thomas R. Walter, G. Hersir

{"title":"Video camera and seismic monitoring of water bulge explosion at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland","authors":"E. Eibl, Sandeep Karmacharya, Alina V. Shevchenko, Thomas R. Walter, G. Hersir","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.229245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.229245","url":null,"abstract":"Eruptions of volcanoes and geysers share many fundamental similarities: for example, they are manifestations of Earth’s geothermal energy, involving the pressure-driven expulsion of fluids from the Earth’s interior. However, while volcanoes can produce spectacular lava bubbles that burst, water bubbles are rarely observed on the surface of geysers. It is still unclear why some of these low-viscosity geyser systems produce none, while others produce them regularly. There is no quantification of the size, speed, and height of these bubbles at geysers, which is the gap we fill here. Strokkur creates a water bulge in its surface pool (bulge stage). When the bulge bursts, water is ejected into the air (jet stage). The steam then continues to rise buoyantly and drift away (drift stage). Here we study the evolution of the three stages using records from video camera campaigns and a local seismic network. We find that larger bulges are associated with larger ascent velocities and cause larger jet heights. As energy is channeled into a high jet, small seismic ground motions are recorded. The bulge formation itself is barely visible seismically. Our work suggests that the 0.74±0.27 s-long bulge stage can be used as a first-order proxy for predicting eruption height. This study might also be relevant for understanding fluid dynamics in volcanic systems.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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