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Craters of habit: Patterns of deformation in the western Galápagos 火山口的习性：加拉帕戈斯西部的变形模式
Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.181227
Eoin Reddin, Susanna Ebmeier, M. Bagnardi, Andrew F. Bell, Pedro Espín Bedón
{"title":"Craters of habit: Patterns of deformation in the western Galápagos","authors":"Eoin Reddin, Susanna Ebmeier, M. Bagnardi, Andrew F. Bell, Pedro Espín Bedón","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.181227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.181227","url":null,"abstract":"The western Galápagos islands of Fernandina and Isabela comprise six active volcanoes that have deformed since first observed by satellite radar in the early 1990s. We analyse new (2015–2022) displacement time series at Alcedo, Cerro Azul, Darwin, Fernandina, Sierra Negra, and Wolf volcanoes in the context of deformation and unrest since 1992. Previous discussions of volcano deformation have focused on eruptions, major intrusive episodes, and the structure of sub-volcanic systems. We discuss the full geodetic record of deformation and show that the style of eruptions, characteristics of unrest and deformation are distinctive at each volcano. These characteristic differences in deformation and unrest styles between the volcanoes have persisted for at least three decades, since the first satellite radar measurements. These consistent differences in shallow magma storage and eruptive dynamics reflect the influence of “top-down” factors and evolutionary stage, providing a basis to understand volcanic unrest here, and to inform monitoring strategies.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"122 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
relationship between large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions: A global statistical study 大地震与火山爆发之间的关系：全球统计研究
Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.165179
Alex Jenkins, Alison Rust, J. Biggs
{"title":"relationship between large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions: A global statistical study","authors":"Alex Jenkins, Alison Rust, J. Biggs","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.165179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.165179","url":null,"abstract":"It is now generally accepted that large earthquakes can promote eruptions at nearby volcanoes. However, the prevalence of “triggered” eruptions, as well as the distance and timescale over which triggering occurs, remain unclear. Here, we use modern global earthquake and eruption records to compare volcanic eruption rates before and after large earthquakes with the time- averaged background eruption rate. We quantify the significance of observed deviations from the average eruption rate using Monte Carlo simulations. To integrate our findings with previous eruption triggering studies, we systematically vary the earthquake magnitudes we consider, as well as the distances and timescales used to calculate eruption rates. We also investigate the effects of earthquake depth and slip orientation. Overall, we find that post-earthquake eruption rates are around 1.25 times the average eruption rate within 750 km and one year following Mw ≥ 7 earthquakes, with above-average post-earthquake eruption rates possibly lasting for two to four years. By contrast, pre-earthquake eruption rates are around 0.9 times the average eruption rate within 750 km and182 days before Mw ≥7 earthquakes. Furthermore, deep earthquakes (≥7 0km) appear to more strongly affect eruption rates than shallow earthquakes, while earthquake slip orientation is also important. Further study of the relationships reported here represents a good opportunity to improve our understanding of tectono-magmatic relationships.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"101 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140215147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accurate hindcasting of explosive eruptions at Whakaari, New Zealand 新西兰瓦卡里火山爆发的精确后报
Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.153164
John Stix, C. Miller, Yajing Liu
{"title":"Accurate hindcasting of explosive eruptions at Whakaari, New Zealand","authors":"John Stix, C. Miller, Yajing Liu","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.153164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.153164","url":null,"abstract":"Phreatic eruptions are small, sudden events, commonly with few precursory signals. They are driven by interactions between magmatic and hydrothermal processes at shallow levels beneath the surface. Here we show that a sequence of banded tremor events, which occurred several weeks before the 9 December 2019 eruption of Whakaari (White Island), New Zealand, can be used to hindcast this eruption. The banded tremor sequence reveals a progressively decreasing time interval between tremor bands. Extrapolating the tremor bands to a time interval of zero provides an accurate estimate, at least one week prior to the eruption, to within 10.2 hours of when the eruption would occur, with a 2.8-day range between 95 % confidence intervals. A similar set of tremor signals appeared before the 27 April 2016 eruption, and these signals provide a very accurate hindcast of this eruption to within 2.61 hours, with a 2.2-day range between 95 % confidence intervals. Our analysis indicates that this potential forecasting approach may prove useful for successfully and accurately forecasting future eruptions at Whakaari. The approach also may be applicable to other volcanoes similar to Whakaari which experience sudden phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions. ","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MinDet1: A deep learning-enabled approach for plagioclase textural studies MinDet1：用于斜长石质地研究的深度学习方法
Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.135151
N. Tóth, J. Maclennan
{"title":"MinDet1: A deep learning-enabled approach for plagioclase textural studies","authors":"N. Tóth, J. Maclennan","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.135151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.135151","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative textural attributes, such as crystal size distributions or aspect ratios, provide important constraints on the thermal history of rocks. They facilitate the investigation of crystal nucleation, growth, and mixing as well as cooling rate. However, they require large volumes of crystal segmentations and measurements often obtained with manual methods. Here, a deep learning-based technique—instance segmentation—is proposed to automate the pixel-by-pixel detection of plagioclase crystals in thin-section images. Using predictions from a re-trained model, the physical properties of the detected crystals (size and aspect ratio) are rapidly generated to provide textural insights. These are validated against published results from manual approaches to demonstrate the accuracy of the method. The power and efficiency of this approach is showcased by analysing an entire sample suite, segmenting over 48,000 crystals in a matter of days. The approach is available as MinDet1 software for users with moderate expertise in Python. Widespread use of MinDet may facilitate significant developments in igneous petrography and related fields.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical simulations of the mingling caused by a magma intruding a resident mush 岩浆侵入驻留蘑菇所引起的混合的数值模拟
Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.89104
A. Carrara, A. Burgisser, G. Bergantz
{"title":"Numerical simulations of the mingling caused by a magma intruding a resident mush","authors":"A. Carrara, A. Burgisser, G. Bergantz","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.89104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.89104","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, our ability to interpret the mechanics of magma mingling and mixing is limited by an incomplete understanding of the modes of mixing across all melt fractions and compositions. Here, we present numerical simulations of the emplace- ment of crystal-free magma in crystal-rich reservoirs employing a computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD–DEM). We performed two runs corresponding to the emplacement of basalt into two end-member types of magmas mush (basaltic and dacitic). We found that the intruded volumes have similar shapes and are surrounded by a halo where the crys- tal volume fraction of the mush is lower. The dynamics of intruded melt are, however, different. Importantly, the mingling of the intruded and host materials starts after emplacement and consists in the incorporation of mush material into the intruded magma. Our findings imply that purely thermo-mechanical processes controlled by grain-scale dynamics are sufficient to explain fundamental aspects of recharge.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"184 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical simulations of the mingling caused by a magma intruding a resident mush 岩浆侵入驻留蘑菇所引起的混合的数值模拟
Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.89104
A. Carrara, A. Burgisser, G. Bergantz
{"title":"Numerical simulations of the mingling caused by a magma intruding a resident mush","authors":"A. Carrara, A. Burgisser, G. Bergantz","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.89104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.89104","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, our ability to interpret the mechanics of magma mingling and mixing is limited by an incomplete understanding of the modes of mixing across all melt fractions and compositions. Here, we present numerical simulations of the emplace- ment of crystal-free magma in crystal-rich reservoirs employing a computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD–DEM). We performed two runs corresponding to the emplacement of basalt into two end-member types of magmas mush (basaltic and dacitic). We found that the intruded volumes have similar shapes and are surrounded by a halo where the crys- tal volume fraction of the mush is lower. The dynamics of intruded melt are, however, different. Importantly, the mingling of the intruded and host materials starts after emplacement and consists in the incorporation of mush material into the intruded magma. Our findings imply that purely thermo-mechanical processes controlled by grain-scale dynamics are sufficient to explain fundamental aspects of recharge.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"15 59","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magma residence time, ascent rate and eruptive style of the November ash-laden activity during the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Spain) 2021 年塔霍加岩喷发期间 11 月火山灰活动的岩浆停留时间、上升速度和喷发方式（西班牙拉帕尔马）
Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.5165
B. Bonechi, M. Polacci, F. Arzilli, Jorge Romero, Jonathan Fellowes, M. Burton
{"title":"Magma residence time, ascent rate and eruptive style of the November ash-laden activity during the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Spain)","authors":"B. Bonechi, M. Polacci, F. Arzilli, Jorge Romero, Jonathan Fellowes, M. Burton","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.5165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.5165","url":null,"abstract":"We combined compositional analyses, crystal size distributions and geothermobarometry of tephra erupted during the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Spain), focusing on samples collected in November 2021 associated with a period of abundant ash emission characteristic of the second half of the eruption (from October onwards). Magma erupted in November exhibits a more primitive basanitic composition than the earlier magma. Crystallisation temperatures range between ~1100–1160 °C (H2O = 1–3 wt.%) for phenocrysts and microphenocrysts, with corresponding pressures indicating depths from ~10 to ~30 km. Crystal size distribution analysis reveals short (minutes) residence times for plagioclase. Finally, magma ascent velocities (~0.01–0.3 m s−1) suggest acceleration and fragmentation in the shallowest part of the conduit. Our results suggest that the trigger of the November explosive activity can be attributed to complex feedback between gas emission rates, changes in conduit geometry, and magma ascent rate.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"702 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rapid growth and catastrophic destruction events of Planchón Volcano, Southern Andes 南安第斯 Planchón 火山的快速增长和灾难性破坏事件
Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.2149
J. Naranjo, Jorge Romero, Juan Pablo Contreras, Yuji Orihashi, Kevin Scott, Miguel Haller, H. Sumino
{"title":"Rapid growth and catastrophic destruction events of Planchón Volcano, Southern Andes","authors":"J. Naranjo, Jorge Romero, Juan Pablo Contreras, Yuji Orihashi, Kevin Scott, Miguel Haller, H. Sumino","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.2149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.2149","url":null,"abstract":"During the Late Pleistocene-to-Holocene, the mafic Planchón volcano (35.2 °S, Southern Andes) experienced two important destructive events: a sector collapse to the west and a multiphase explosive eruption transforming the east summit area. We provide new field and laboratory evidence, including geochemical, geochronologic, and geological-morphological analysis, to reconstruct the evolution, triggering mechanisms, and physical parameters of these events.The lateral collapse (48~ka BP) was mainly predisposed by a tectonically westward-inclined substratum and rapid edifice growth rates (0.3–0.48 km3 ka-1). The resulting Planchón-Teno debris avalanche became valley-confined traveling at c. 260 km h-1 up to 95 km distance and forming an 8.6 ± 1.3 km3 deposit. The resulting 4.1 km wide amphitheater was later destroyed at c. 7 ka BP by the multiphase Valenzuela phreatomagmatic eruptions, forming a c. 2.5 km diameter caldera. The case of the Planchón volcano warns that rapidly growing mafic volcanoes imply a substantial catastrophic hazard increase for the surrounding areas.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140482643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights on the state of stress in the mantle beneath Pahala, Hawai‘i 对夏威夷帕哈拉地下地幔应力状态的见解
Volcanica Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.30909/vol.07.01.0119
John D. Wilding, Z. Ross
{"title":"Insights on the state of stress in the mantle beneath Pahala, Hawai‘i","authors":"John D. Wilding, Z. Ross","doi":"10.30909/vol.07.01.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.07.01.0119","url":null,"abstract":"Magma supply rates from the mantle to Hawaiian volcanoes serve as an important control on eruptive behavior at the surface. The Pa ̄hala Sill Complex, a collection of magma-bearing, seismogenic structures at 40 km depth beneath Hawai‘i, presents an opportunity to elucidate interactions between stress and magma transport processes in the mantle. We invert for full moment tensors of sill earthquakes and identify predominantly shear mechanisms with persistent tensile faulting components. Slip occurs in-plane with the sill structures. Pressure axes are radially oriented about a point near Mauna Loa, consistent with a stress field generated by a flexural load. Together, these observations suggest that magma flux through the sill structures generates seismicity by increasing pore pressure and promoting slip. Our results suggest that stress changes in mantle structures may enable fluctuations in magma supply rates to the surface over short timescales.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"102 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139614528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical modelling of the volcanic plume dispersion from the hydrothermal system of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe 瓜德罗普岛苏弗里埃尔热液系统火山羽流扩散的数值模拟
Volcanica Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.02.459477
Yuly Paola Rave-Bonilla, D. Jessop, S. Moune, Céline Garbin, R. Moretti
{"title":"Numerical modelling of the volcanic plume dispersion from the hydrothermal system of La Soufrière de Guadeloupe","authors":"Yuly Paola Rave-Bonilla, D. Jessop, S. Moune, Céline Garbin, R. Moretti","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.02.459477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.02.459477","url":null,"abstract":"Passive volcanic degassing results in the emission of toxic gases such as H2S at quasi-steady rates over long periods of time that pose a significant hazard to human health even in low gas concentrations. Currently, La Soufrière de Guadeloupe has one of the highest gas emission rates in the Lesser Antilles arc, with gas emitted mainly from low-temperature fumaroles. In this study, gas dispersion from the volcano between 2016–2021 was modelled using a numerical code that takes into account wind and atmospheric data, topography and gas flux measurements. We ran c.100 individual simulations of the most frequently observed wind and gas flux conditions using a Monte-Carlo scheme.  Our results, validated using air-quality measurements and citizen-science surveys, show that the most exposed zones are the hamlet of Matouba and the upper St. Claude. These areas have 20% and 5% probability, respectively, of exceeding H2S guidelines for long-term gas exposure (70 ppb).","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139218155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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