VolcanicaPub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.02.283299
Joaquin Pablo Aguilera Bustos, L. Adam
{"title":"Experimental insights into factors influencing Vp/Vs ratios at the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia","authors":"Joaquin Pablo Aguilera Bustos, L. Adam","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.02.283299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.02.283299","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of ultrasonic elastic waves were carried out at atmospheric and in-situ pressure conditions on rock samples from Nevado del Ruiz Volcano (NRV). The study focuses on Vp/Vs as a function of Vp as indicators of mineralogy, porosity, fluid-types and anisotropy. We find that Vp/Vs can separate the effect of microcracks vs. vesicles as a function of fluid type and effective pressures. Little-to-no pressure dependence in Vp/Vs suggest that the rock porosity is mainly comprised by vesicles, while largely varying Vp/Vs vs Vp is associated to cracks. This effect occurs under both, dry and fluid saturation conditions. When cracks close, the Vp/Vs values are representative of the rock mineralogy. Finally, as foliation results in a wide range of Vp/Vs, which could lead to misinterpretations. For instance, on NRV foliated rocks, Vp/Vs at dry conditions and parallel to the foliation plane ranges at values which are commonly associated to fluid saturation.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46505711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VolcanicaPub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.02.161172
A. Kent, Till Christy, Cooper Kari
{"title":"Start me up: The relationship between volcanic eruption characteristics and eruption initiation mechanisms","authors":"A. Kent, Till Christy, Cooper Kari","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.02.161172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.02.161172","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the processes that initiate volcanic eruptions after periods of quiescence are of paramount importance to interpreting volcano monitoring signals and mitigating volcanic hazards. However, studies of eruption initiation mechanisms are rarely systematically applied to high-risk volcanoes. Studies of erupted materials provide important insight into eruption initiation, as they provide direct insight into the physical and chemical changes that occur in magma reservoirs prior to eruptions, but are also often underutilized. Petrologic and geochemical studies can also constrain the timing of processes involved in eruption initiation, and the time that might be expected to elapse between remote detection of increased activity and eventual eruption. A compilation and analysis of literature data suggests that there are statistical differences in the composition, volume, style and timescales between eruptions initiated by different mechanisms. Knowledge of the processes that initiate eruptions at a given volcano may thus have significant predictive power.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47771046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VolcanicaPub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.02.265282
Alexander Johnson, J. Hickey, K. Pascal, B. Williamson, Raquel Syers
{"title":"Distinguishing shallow from mid-crustal magmatic processes at Soufrière Hills Volcano using Finite Element Modelling and co-analysis of EDM and GPS data","authors":"Alexander Johnson, J. Hickey, K. Pascal, B. Williamson, Raquel Syers","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.02.265282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.02.265282","url":null,"abstract":"We modelled ground deformation at Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), using data collected by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory from 2010–2019. We investigate the combined use of Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) to distinguish shallow from mid-crustal magmatic processes and their surface deformation profiles. Our results suggest that the EDM network responds predominantly to changes in the shallow magmatic system, whereas GPS records variation at mid-crustal levels. In addition, we show that the behaviour of the EDM network, and of the GPS site HERM, can be explained by underpressurisation in a shallow dyke conduit orientated NNW–SSE, while the mid-crustal system was still undergoing pressurisation. The modelled dyke may be responding to magma cooling and contraction associated with a previous intrusion. We find that geodetic monitoring coverage of multiple flanks within 1 km of the vent can improve our understanding of shallow magmatic system processes with asymmetric deformation fields.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41903756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VolcanicaPub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.02.221252
J. Dohaney, Alison Jolley, Ben M. Kennedy, Alexander Watson
{"title":"A systematic review of volcanology learning and teaching in higher education","authors":"J. Dohaney, Alison Jolley, Ben M. Kennedy, Alexander Watson","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.02.221252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.02.221252","url":null,"abstract":"We present a systematic map of the volcanology higher education literature (1983–2020) consisting of 47 peer-reviewed full texts. The literature describes curricula in varied formats and settings, namely: simulated, in-person, and field-based learning. The phenomena that students are learning about commonly include volcanic processes and landforms, applicable to learning within various geoscience subdisciplines. Frequently published research includes volcano misconceptions and simulated eruptions. However, most texts focus on practitioner wisdom and lack research information, empirical evidence, and/or a research-oriented methodology. A lack of research orientation is a documented phenomenon within the broader field of geoscience education, which is young compared to other discipline-based education research fields. Based on our findings, we recommend future research in conceptual learning of volcanology, instructional strategies, volcanology and society interactions, volcanology education equity and inclusion, volcanology cognition, quantitative learning, affective learning, and institutional change in volcanology.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42504339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VolcanicaPub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.02.253263
J. Dohaney, Alison Jolley, Ben M. Kennedy, Alexander Watson
{"title":"A summary of peer-reviewed resources for teaching volcanology in higher education","authors":"J. Dohaney, Alison Jolley, Ben M. Kennedy, Alexander Watson","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.02.253263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.02.253263","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we summarise and categorise the volcanology learning activities identified and described in a systematic literature review of volcanology higher education (a companion article; Dohaney et al. [2023]). We share the 47 peer-reviewed articles organised by useful categories, such as educational level, mode and setting of learning, volcanic phenomena, and skills learned in the curricula for easier use and navigation by volcanology instructors. Based on the claims made in the peer-reviewed resources, considerations and suggestions for improved volcanology teaching are included, e.g. exploring authentic field-based experiences, local sites, or simulated demonstrations of volcanic phenomena. To support use of these curricula, we provide suggestions for adapting the resources and highlight additional online catalogues that house useful and engaging volcanology teaching materials.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42978460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VolcanicaPub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.02.173200
Pablo Salgado, G. Villarosa, D. Beigt, V. Outes, C. Stewart, Fernando Baranzini
{"title":"Impacts on water transport networks after three widespread volcanic ashfalls in Andean Patagonian lakes","authors":"Pablo Salgado, G. Villarosa, D. Beigt, V. Outes, C. Stewart, Fernando Baranzini","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.02.173200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.02.173200","url":null,"abstract":"Although the impacts of volcanic ashfall on air transport and land transport networks are well documented, little information exists about volcanic ash effects on water transport. Three recent widespread ashfall events severely affected the extensive shipping activity that takes place in the many lakes of Andean Patagonia, Argentina. By means of impact assessment fieldtrips, meetings, semi-structured interviews, and expert consultation, we surveyed and categorized impacts of volcanic ash on ships, ports and shipping activities, also assessing most effective mitigation strategies undertaken, including clean-up actions. To better catalogue type and severity of impacts, we expand on available damage scales developed for critical infrastructure, to include more specific details about water transport systems. Our contribution ultimately aims to communicate to emergency managers, and the volcanological and nautical communities, the most likely outcomes from explosive volcanic eruptions on shipping, along with best-practice advice for mitigating adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46653103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VolcanicaPub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.02.201219
C. DeVitre, Kyle Dayton, E. Gazel, A. Pamukçu, G. Gaetani, P. Wieser
{"title":"Laser heating effect on Raman analysis of CO2 co-existing as liquid and vapor in olivine-hosted melt inclusion bubbles","authors":"C. DeVitre, Kyle Dayton, E. Gazel, A. Pamukçu, G. Gaetani, P. Wieser","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.02.201219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.02.201219","url":null,"abstract":"Raman spectroscopy has become the tool of choice for analyzing fluid inclusions and melt inclusion (MI) vapor bubbles as it allows the density of CO2-rich fluids to be quantified. Measurements are often made at ambient temperature (Tamb ~18-25 °C), resulting in reported bulk densities between 0.2 and 0.7 g/mL despite that single-phase CO2 under these conditions is thermodynamically unstable and instead consists of a liquid (~0.7 g/mL), and a vapor phase (~0.2 g/mL). Here, we present results from experiments conducted at Tamb and 37 °C (above the CO2 critical temperature) on 14 natural CO2-rich MI bubbles from Mount Morning, Antarctica. Here, we show that at Tamb, laser power strongly affects the CO2 Raman spectrum of MI bubbles with bulk densities within the miscibility gap. High-power laser heating and low spectral resolution explain why published measurements have reported such bulk densities at Tamb even when using an instrument-specific calibration.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42640482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VolcanicaPub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.01.147160
H. Calleja, T. Pering
{"title":"Crystals and inclined conduits: analogue experiments for slug-driven volcanism","authors":"H. Calleja, T. Pering","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.01.147160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.01.147160","url":null,"abstract":"Basaltic volcanism is the dominant mode of volcanism on Earth and exhibits a range of activity, from passive degassing to the most common explosive style: strombolian volcanism. Strombolian volcanism is driven by gas slugs, making it vital to consider the effects of variable magmatic rheology and internal vent geometry on slug flow dynamics. Emerging experimental technologies play a major role in developing our understanding of the natural complexity of such basaltic systems. This study examines slug ascent within particle-free and particle-containing media experimentally across a range of inclinations. Dimensionless parameters are derived to describe specific flow characteristics at laboratory and volcanic scales, and to demonstrate the viability of current theoretical framework. Slug ascent is shown to be dependent on its morphology, which is a function of inclination, liquid viscosity, and related controlling characteristics i.e. particle fraction. Maxima for ascent velocities and associated dimensionless parameters occur within the range 40—60°.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49531809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VolcanicaPub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.01.129145
B. Black, A. Aiuppa
{"title":"Carbon release from Large Igneous Province magmas estimated from trace element-gas correlations","authors":"B. Black, A. Aiuppa","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.01.129145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.01.129145","url":null,"abstract":"Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) facilitate massive transfers of CO2 and other volatiles from the mantle to atmosphere, contributing to past global warming and environmental disruption. However, the scale and evolution of magmatic CO2 fluxes during these events remain uncertain due to the tendency of CO2 to degas deep in magmatic systems. Here we estimate LIP CO2 using an approach based on an observed correlation between gas CO2/S ratios and trace elements in volcanic rocks. We apply this method to a compilation of published geochemical data for tholeiitic LIP lavas and to a new major and trace element dataset for alkaline rocks from the Siberian Traps. Our results indicate that CO2/S and therefore CO2 in tholeiitic and alkaline magma suites from LIPs span 1–2 orders of magnitude, emphasizing that changing CO2 concentrations can combine with magma flux to drive strong variations in CO2 release through the evolution of LIP magmatism.","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46535141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VolcanicaPub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.30909/vol.06.01.107127
P. Wieser, M. Gleeson
{"title":"PySulfSat: An open-source Python3 Tool for modeling sulfide and sulfate saturation","authors":"P. Wieser, M. Gleeson","doi":"10.30909/vol.06.01.107127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.01.107127","url":null,"abstract":"We present PySulfSat, an open-source Python3 tool for modeling sulfide and anhydrite saturation in magmas. PySulfSat supports a variety of data types (spreadsheets, Petrolog3 outputs, MELTS tbl files). PySulfSat can be used with alphaMELTS for Python infrastructure to track sulfur solubility during fractional crystallization within a single Jupyter Notebook. PySulfSat allows far more customization of calculations than existing tools. For example, the SCSS2− could be calculated with one model using the sulfide composition from a parameterization released with a different SCSS2− model. There are also functions for calculating the proportion of S6+/STot, allowing modeled SCSS and SCAS values to be converted into total S solubility to compare to natural data. We also contain functions for modeling mantle melting in the presence of sulfides using a variety of SCSS and KD models. Extensive documentation and worked examples are available at ReadTheDocs (https://bit.ly/PySulfSatRTD) along with narrated YouTube videos (https://bit.ly/PySulfSatYouTube).","PeriodicalId":33053,"journal":{"name":"Volcanica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45026658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}