Optimum最新文献

{"title":"The challenges of local development and priorities of mayors and presidents of Polish cities – convergence or dissonance?","authors":"Aldona Podgórniak-Krzykacz, Justyna Przywojska","doi":"10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.10","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of the paper is to identify the key urban development challenges in Poland and to verify the opinions of Polish mayors about them. Research method – The research used the quantitative method in the form of a survey conducted among 460 leaders of Polish cities together with desk research analysis including the data from the official statistics and reports from 2014-2018. Results – It was established that in their political agendas mayors include the postulates presenting a traditional approach to sustainable development, which is directed at the economy, society and the environment, but underestimates environmental issues. They are not aware of the new development challenges, but focus on the traditional, infrastructural and economic priorities. Originality / value – For the first time in Poland the results of comprehensive research on the priorities of city development that were declared by mayors are presented. They include the latest determinants for sustainable development, such as: the technological revolution, the management of ethnical and cultural diversity in urban communities, the depopulation and degradation of city centres and also circular economics. The findings of the research fill an existing gap in knowledge about the city leaders’ points of view on the challenges facing modern cities and thus define a political climate for the implementation of the principles of sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46973006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Job satisfaction of employees in Malopolskie and Pomorskie voivodship as an expression of the quality of work life – a comparative study","authors":"Jadwiga Stobiecka, Sylwia Pangsy-Kania","doi":"10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.05","url":null,"abstract":"Article received support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education grants to maintain research potential of the Faculty of Management at the Cracow University of Economics.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41668383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic diversity and social capital of the Podlaskie voivodeship","authors":"Łukasz Karol Bugowski","doi":"10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.06","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – An assessment of the level of social capital in the context of ethnic diversity using the example of the Podlaskie voivodeship. Furthermore, showing the relationship between social capital and local and regional development. Research method – Quantitative and comparative analyses of selected indicators of the surveyed territorialunits (powiats of the Podlaskie Voivodeship) while maintaining the criterion of ethnic diversity. Data from the Central Statistical Office (Local Data Bank) and the National Electoral Commission for the period 2010-2018 were used. Results – The level of social capital is higher in multi-ethnic powiats, in particular as far as the civic dimension is concerned, which is measured by the use of passive and active voting rights. Similarly, the number of foundations, associations and social organizations per 1,000 inhabitants is higher in multiethnic powiats. As far as the level of entrepreneurship is concerned, the majority of powiats of diversified nationalities is insignificant, while single-nation powiats have higher rates in relation to membership in sports clubs.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – A thesis which is popular in the subject literature that ethnically diverse areas are characterized by lower social capital is not true in the case of the Podlaskie voivodeship, in which ethnic groups have been present for centuries. Consequently, it may be assumed that ethnic diversity has a negative impact on the level of social capital only temporarily.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41665403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State action aimed at limiting financial exclusion in Poland in terms of sustainable and inclusive development","authors":"M. Jastrzębska","doi":"10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.03","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The article was written to outline the State action (specifically central government’s) aimed at limiting financial exclusion in Poland in terms of sustainable and inclusive development in 2016-2019.Research method – In the article theoretical research is carried out on the basis of the subjective literature, existing legal requirements, international institutions’ and central government’s reports. Such research methods as descriptive analysis and inferential and inductive reasoning were used. First, financial exclusion is defined as a kind of social exclusion in the field of sustainable and inclusive development. Next, the author describes the most important central government’s activity aimed at limiting financial exclusion in 2016-2019 in three areas. It is analysed how the State affects household income through fiscal policy instruments. The most important legal regulations affecting entities offering financial services and their clients are also pointed out. Finally, the State activity aimed at improving financial education and financial allowance of the Polish people is described.Results – The article allows a better understanding of the State activity aimed at limiting financial exclusion in Poland undertaken in 2016-2019 with particular reference to fiscal policy instruments affecting household income. Originality / value – To the best of author’s knowledge, it is the only article concerning, as defined above, the three areas of the State activity aimed at limiting financial exclusion in Poland during the period considered, namely fiscal policy affecting household income; the most important legal regulations affecting entities offering financial services and their clients; improving financial education and financial allowance of the Polish people. It is very important considering sustainable and inclusive development.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42966770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The concept of intellectual capital and its measurement using the VAIC method on the example of PKN ORLEN","authors":"Norbert Arszułowicz","doi":"10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.08","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The main purpose of the paper is to systematize the concept of intellectual capital of an enterprise, assess the effectiveness of the use of intellectual capital and analyze its impact on the added value.Research method – The paper uses the intellectual capital analysis method during the period 2009-2017 using the VAICTM intellectual added value factor and is based on data from financial statements. The basic statistical tool, which is the arithmetic mean was also used for the study.Results – The study showed that the intellectual capital of PKN Orlen is increasing as is the difference between the market and accounting values of the company. The main source of growth is human capital.Implications – The result of the study are conclusions in the form of practical recommendations for PKN Orlen in the area of intellectual capital development.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45248737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reasons of high values of stock-flow adjustment – the conclusions from case studies","authors":"P. Piątkowski","doi":"10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.07","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The paper presents the analysis of the situations of high values of SFA observed in European Union countries during the years 2002-2017. They were assessed in terms of their specific character as well as due to their frequency and the reasons of their occurrence. The analysis aimed at isolating those economic factors that create the risk of the occurrence of high SFA levels and thus contribute to the increase of public debt to a considerably larger degree than the budget deficit would imply.Research method – The analysis is based on Eurostat data concerning the values of SFA for European Union countries. In the years 2002-2017 it comprised 431 observations. They have been analyzed in terms of the average values (both nominal and absolute), the share of positive and negative values and the frequency of the occurrence of high values in general and in particular countries. Subsequently, using case study methodology the Author analyzed the situation of countries with considerable shares of high values of SFA.Results – The analysis has shown that high values of SFA are most frequently the effect of state interventions during economic crises. In most countries the increase of SFA values was temporary (e.g. in Ireland). The second reason is the risk of bankruptcy. Such patterns were observed in Greece and Cyprus. While in Cyprus the increase of SFA values was only temporary, in Greece the position still remains difficult. The third reason of an increase in SFA values lies in the investments made by pension system institutions. Such situations took place, among others, in Finland and Luxembourg. Originality / value – The added value of the paper is connected with the case studies of countries with particularly high values of SFA. They were selected on the basis of data comprising 16 years and in total there were 431 observations for 28 countries of the European Union.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49545342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of the development in agriculture in Lower Silesia from 1918 to 1939 and 1945 to 1956","authors":"Sylwia Straszak-Chandoha","doi":"10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – An analysis of the development in Polish agriculture from 1918 to 1939 and 1945 to1956. Research method – The article uses scientific historical and economical methods. Source texts of the state provenance were analysed: legal acts, printed sources (mainly statistical), archival records. In the economic studies, the analysis included statistical data, dynamics of phenomena, and comparative studies. Results – The analysis of changes in agriculture in Lower Silesia in the studied periods demonstrates that despite the under-investment and its marginal economic importance in Germany from 1918 to 1939, the agriculture in Lower Silesia was at a much higher level than the agriculture in pre-war Poland. Communism coming into power post 1945 and Poland entering the so-called Eastern Block hindered further development of capitalist agriculture in Lower Silesia. The agricultural structure created after World War II was not adapted to the character of farms taken over and the existing agricultural system was completely different from the socio-political assumptions based on agricultural reform and on the socialist character of agriculture prevailing from 1945 to 1956. Originality / value – The analysis of agricultural economy in the studied period was not sufficiently described in the source literature.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41525362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation activities in personal data management in medical entities","authors":"Wojciech Krówczyński","doi":"10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of the article is to present the essence of innovation and possible innovative activities affecting the increase in the efficiency of personal data management in medical entities. The article analyses the impact of selected institutional aspects on innovative activities that can be undertaken by medical entities to increase the efficiency of personal data management. Research method – The article was prepared on the basis of a review of selected literature on innovation, secure processing of personal data, as well as the author's own observations. Results – As a result of the advancement of information technology in medicine, new data processing possibilities are created. The complexity of processes and procedures for processing personal data increases and that jeopardises their security. Implications / recommendations – Effective, innovative resource allocation is necessary, which determines the security of personal data being processed.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45947493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compensatory subsidy transferred to the budgets of voivodeship self-governments in the context of regional policy instruments’ coordination","authors":"Leszek Patrzałek","doi":"10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2019.04.98.02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of the paper is to consider to what extent a compensatory subsidy transferred to the budgets of voivodeship self-governments can help level fiscal imbalances among voivodeships. The article also aims to determine if and (if it is so) to what extent the rules and procedures related to a compensatory subsidy are coordinated with other instruments of regional policy. Method research – The paper uses the descriptive method with the elements of legal analysis and examines statistical data relating to the budgets of voivodeship self-governments in Poland during the years 2009-2017. Description of research – The paper studies the issues connected with construction together with the rules associated with the transfer of compensatory subsidy to voivodeship self-governments in the context of aims and instruments of a regional policy. In individual sections, the author presents the theoretical aspects of regional policy under the conditions of globalization, characterizes the functions and significance of compensatory subsidy for voivodeships in the context of good-governance and attempts to assess the scope of the coordination of the procedures referring to a compensatory subsidy with other instruments of a regional policy.Results – It has been stated that a compensatory subsidy transferred to the budgets of voivodeships should be considered not only as the source of budget revenues, but also as an instrument of a regional policy. The allocation of public funds to voivodeships takes place by means of numerous autonomous public institutions that use different (and uncoordinated – from the point of view of regional policy) criteria and procedures. This in turn has a negative consequence in the form of excessive dispersion of public funding among voivodeships and in the duplicated realization of public tasks by numerous institutions. Subsequently, it increases the costs of the functioning of the public administration. During the analysis of the rules, procedures and construction of a compensatory subsidy it was shown that this particular financial instrument is neither connected nor coordinated with different instruments of regional policy.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49669689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}