Optimum Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2023.02.112.05

Jerzy Grabowiecki

{"title":"Abenomics and the EU–Japan economic partnership agreement: consequences for the EU and Polish economies","authors":"Jerzy Grabowiecki","doi":"10.15290/oes.2023.02.112.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2023.02.112.05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This paper focuses on Abenomics by showing the measures undertaken by Japan’s administration and by exploring to what extent new trade policy contributes to stimulating FTAs/EPAs. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the potential EU–Japan EPA effects from the perspective of the EU and Poland’s economies. Research background – In early 2013, Shinzō Abe announced a plan of economic reforms known as Abenomics, within which trade policy would be focused on regional FTAs/EPAs and strategic partnerships (SPAs) that then became a government priority. The Abe administration presented a “proactive contribution to peace”, which has had a crucial influence on Japan’s new trade policy and its engagement in economic regionalism. After six years of negotiations, the EU–Japan EPA and the Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) were signed on July 17, 2018. These agreements confirm that economic relations have entered a new, higher phase of development and open new prospects for deeper cooperation. Methods – Text analysis of governmental documents, institutional reports, companies’ websites, and articles in the specialized press. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – This assessment of the potential impact of the EU–Japan EPA reveals that the agreement will contribute to the mutual GDP growth and will promote trade in goods and services by eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers between the parties. Furthermore, the EU–Japan EPA is important for the Polish economy. Liberalization of imports from Japan, which mainly include modern technologies as well as machinery and equipment for various sectors of the economy, will significantly contribute to accelerating the economic development of Poland. In turn, the liberalization of exports will be an opportunity to increase food exports from Poland.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Działalność oraz wyniki finansowe Instytutu Medycyny Wsi jako instytutu badawczego i podmiotu prowadzącego usługi zdrowotne 农村医学研究所作为研究机构和保健服务提供者的活动和财务业绩

Optimum Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2023.02.112.11

Magdalena Jaworzyńska, Joanna Śmiechowicz

{"title":"Działalność oraz wyniki finansowe Instytutu Medycyny Wsi jako instytutu badawczego i podmiotu prowadzącego usługi zdrowotne","authors":"Magdalena Jaworzyńska, Joanna Śmiechowicz","doi":"10.15290/oes.2023.02.112.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2023.02.112.11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The article is devoted to one of the medical research institutes supervised by the Minister of Health, i.e. the Institute of Rural Medicine in Lublin. The aim of the study is to evaluate the activity of the institution in terms of fulfilling its tasks and to diagnose its financial situation. Research method – The article is an example of a case study. It uses the method of examining documents and data contained in the IMW financial statements published on the websites of the Ministry of Health for the years 2019–2021. On their basis, the structure of revenues and the financial standing of the entity were assessed using profitability, liquidity, efficiency and debt ratios. Results – The activities of the IMW concern primarily the provision of hospital services. Fulfilling the scientific and research role is of secondary importance. The financial situation of the Institute is difficult. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Issues related to medical research institutes are not covered in either the public health or public finance literature. The considerations, analysis and conclusions drawn in it fill the existing gap to some extent and are part of the ongoing series devoted to medical research institutes.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zmiany produktywności w okresie kryzysu COVID-19 w świetle Schumpeterowskiej koncepcji kreatywnej destrukcji 从熊彼特创造性破坏的概念看新冠肺炎危机期间生产力的变化

Optimum Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.03

Agnieszka Szczepkowska-Flis, A. Kozłowska

{"title":"Zmiany produktywności w okresie kryzysu COVID-19 w świetle Schumpeterowskiej koncepcji kreatywnej destrukcji","authors":"Agnieszka Szczepkowska-Flis, A. Kozłowska","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.03","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of the article is to analyse changes in labour productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of Schumpeter’s concept of creative destruction and the work of economists on the role of innovation and market selection during economic crises. Research method – In the theoretical part of the article the method of deduction was used. In the empirical layer, econometric methods (AR, ARDL models) and the evometrics were used. Results – Changes in labour productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in an economy devoid of adaptive innovations would be subject to mechanisms of simple destruction, leading to its stagnation in the long run. Originality /value /implications /recommendations – The concept of “destruction which brings creation” provides an alternative theoretical framework for interpreting the productivity changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, opening up a promising avenue for studying the behaviour of economic systems in abnormal conditions. According to our concept, state intervention aimed at limiting the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (lockdown) triggers innovative adaptation activities of entities leading to the transformation of processes typical for simple destruction into destruction which brings creation. In the context of our concept, a policy of promoting innovation already during the COVID-19 crisis is a necessary condition, and the inclusion of the efficiency criterion in state aid is a sufficient condition for initiating post-crisis growth.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66915911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Kryzys wartości czy wartość kryzysu? Implikacje pandemii COVID-19 w jednostce non profit 价值危机还是价值危机？新冠肺炎大流行对非营利实体的影响

Optimum Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.06

A. Uziębło

引用次数: 0

Uprzednie porozumienia cenowe w Polsce i innych państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej 波兰和欧洲联盟其他成员国以前的价格协议

Optimum Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.10

M. Szymczak

{"title":"Uprzednie porozumienia cenowe w Polsce i innych państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej","authors":"M. Szymczak","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.10","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – Indicating the Advance Pricing Agreement (APA) as a tool to help taxpayers in reducing tax risk and assessing the functioning of APAs in Poland compared to other European Union Member States through the prism of the time of negotiations. Research method – The analysis of empirical data (from the period 2015–2019), the analysis of legal acts in economic terms, studies of the literature on the subject. Results – Advance Pricing Agreements, as a tax risk minimization tool, have been in force in Poland for a relatively short period of time. The analysis covered data from 5 years. This enabled the formulation of a positive assessment of the functioning of APAs in Poland in comparison to other Member States of the European Union. On the basis of the analysis, the suggested change in operation should be shortening the average time of negotiating APAs, e.g. by considering the introducion of a simplified procedure for requesting Advance Pricing Agreements. Originality /value / implications /recommendations – Research on advance pricing agreements is not developed, neither in Poland nor in other Member States of the European Union, therefore the results presented in this article can be considered innovative and implying the in-depth analyses.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66916685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Slow czy fast – wyzwania pandemii COVID-19 dla teorii i praktyki ekonomii 慢还是快——新冠肺炎疫情对经济学理论和实践的挑战

Optimum Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.07

Beata Rogowska

引用次数: 0

Technologiochłonność chińskiego eksportu dóbr w latach 1995–2019 1995-2019年中国商品出口的技术强度

Optimum Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.01

Aleksandra Szarek-Piaskowska, Paweł Folfas

{"title":"Technologiochłonność chińskiego eksportu dóbr w latach 1995–2019","authors":"Aleksandra Szarek-Piaskowska, Paweł Folfas","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of the article is to examine if over the last 25 years the technology intensity of China’s export of goods has improved along with the increase of its value and, therefore, if the share of technology-intensive goods in the structure of Chinese export of goods has increased. Research method – The article reviews the literature and conducts empirical research on the structure of export of goods from China in the years 1995–2019 using the Lall classification and foreign value added statistics. Results – In the years 1995–2019 technological intensity of Chinese export of goods improved. High technology products have become the main export category. However, China relies – to a large extent – on the imported intermediate goods in its production of medium and high technology products, which confirms the higher share of foreign value added in the export of medium and high technology goods than in total export. This indicates that the level of technology intensity of Chinese export of goods is lower than it would appear from the physical structure of export according to the Lall classification. Originality /value /implications /recommendations – The physical structure of China’s export was analysed using the Lall classification and statistics on the content of foreign value added in export, which are relatively innovative and not widely used in Polish literature.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66916161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Produktywność polskiego szkolnictwa średniego 波兰中等教育的生产力

Optimum Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.09

Małgorzata Gałecka

{"title":"Produktywność polskiego szkolnictwa średniego","authors":"Małgorzata Gałecka","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.09","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The article’s aim is to identify the differences in the passing of the matura exams in towns and villages of individual provinces, as well as the differences in the educational productivity of general secondary schools and vocational schools. Research method – Using econometric techniques, the variables of the quality of education were assessed in the years 2011–2018. To measure the change in productivity over time and the impact of resources on secondary education in Poland, the Malmquist Total Productivity Index was calculated along with its decomposition. Results – The presented research shows that the analysis of the spatial differentiation of educational achievements can provide important information about the functioning of education, as well as about the connection of education with other cultural processes and socio-economic development. It also indicates the important role of technology in rural education. The influence of technological systems is especially visible in vocational schools in rural areas, where the productivity of education is the highest. Technology played a slightly less important role in high schools in urban areas. Originality /value / implications /recommendations – The results of the research can be helpful as regards the challenge faced by educators of rural areas.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66916611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finanse jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce w pierwszym roku pandemii 疫情第一年波兰地方政府单位的资金

Optimum Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.04

Elżbieta Malinowska-Misiąg

{"title":"Finanse jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce w pierwszym roku pandemii","authors":"Elżbieta Malinowska-Misiąg","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on local government finances in Poland in 2020 – both in terms of income, as well as expenditure and debt. The availability of a complete database on local government finances enables the verification of previous predictions of the loss of own income and of a significant deterioration of the local government units' (LGUs) financial situation. Research method – The analysis of the legislation affecting the finances of LGUs was carried out, as well as a statistical analysis covering all LGUs in Poland. For comparative purposes, financial data from before 2020 was also used. The study also covers the analysis of the method of distributing funds from the Governmental Fund for Local Investments in 2020. Results – Despite the planned deficit, local government units ended the first pandemic year with a budget surplus of PLN 5.7 billion, which was mainly influenced by the financial support from the central sector and by the capital expenditures decline. Nevertheless, government support was most often directed not to those units that were most severely affected by the pandemic. Originality /value / implications /recommendations – Unfavorable trends in local finances indicate an urgent need for changes in the relations between the government and local government sectors, restoring the compliance of the LGU financing system with the political position of the local government. These changes should, in particular, limit the discretion in determining the amount of transfers from the government sector, as well as adjust the size of the LGUs’ revenues to the changes in the tax system. Restrictions on shaping the structure of local government expenditure should also be lifted.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66915986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Does spending on social-welfare policies reduce poverty? An assessment of the European Union countries using impulse-response and efficiency methods 在社会福利政策上的支出能减少贫困吗?使用脉冲响应和效率方法对欧盟国家进行评估

Optimum Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.05

Krzysztof Kutwa, Jakub Sawulski

{"title":"Does spending on social-welfare policies reduce poverty? An assessment of the European Union countries using impulse-response and efficiency methods","authors":"Krzysztof Kutwa, Jakub Sawulski","doi":"10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15290/oes.2022.01.107.05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – An attempt to answer two questions: (i) does spending on social-welfare policies constitute a statistically-significant impulse for reducing poverty among various risk groups in the EU countries? And (ii) what is the level of efficiency of social spending when it comes to reducing various problems associated with poverty in the EU member states? Research method – Two research methods: Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and extended Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are used. Results – It is established that social-welfare policies in most of the EU countries create a sufficient impulse to reduce poverty among elderly people and survivors, families with children and the unemployed. However, the impulse is often not sufficient in the case of people with problems in meeting housing needs, as well as the sick or disabled. What is more, the relative efficiency of social-welfare spending in some of the EU countries is low, which suggest that better outcomes may be achieved not only by increasing the spending, but also by improving the policies among current amount of funds. Surprisingly, the best-performing countries in reducing the poverty by social-welfare policies include, next to Denmark and Finland, also some Central and Eastern European countries: the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. Originality/value/implications/recommendations – The research extends the knowledge on the efficiency and effectiveness of government activities for the purpose of limiting poverty.","PeriodicalId":33011,"journal":{"name":"Optimum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66916052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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