{"title":"Comparative Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Sitagliptin Versus Metformin Alone and Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":" Naveed Altaf, M. Baig","doi":"10.36349/easjpp.2021.v03i02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpp.2021.v03i02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract : Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Material and Methods: This is a Prospective, Comparative, Randomized and Parallel group study. Study was conducted in Type 2DM patients attending the outpatient department of Medicine in tertiary care center. Group I received Metformin 500 mg BD for 3 months, Group II received Sitagliptin 50 mg BD for 3 months and Group III Metformin 500 mg BD and Sitagliptin 50mg BD for 3 months. Result: The mean fasting blood glucose level in Group I at baseline was 143.14±5.38 mg/dl and after 3 months was 93.85 mg/dl, in Group II was 147.15 ±5.38 mg/dl and after 3 months 91.47±4.20 mg/dl and in Group III was 145.23±5.47 mg/dl and after 3 months 87.47±4.27 mg/dl. The mean of PPBG level in Group I was 194.23±14.58 mg/dl at baseline, followed by 152.68±9.24 mg/dl after 3 month. In Group II the mean of PPBG level was 197.79±14.52 mg/dl at baseline followed by 131.47±8.63 mg/dl after 3 month. In Group III the mean of PPBG level was 196.64±13.63 mg/dl at baseline followed by 127.74±9.37 mg/dl after 3 month. Conclusion: Both sitagliptin or metformin monotherapy helped in improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both the group of the drugs was well tolerated by the patients. The result of this study provides the data for the use of sitagliptin as initial monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.","PeriodicalId":328128,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133082401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drug Utilization Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital","authors":" Mirza Arshad Asif Baig, Naveed Altaf","doi":"10.36349/easjpp.2021.v03i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpp.2021.v03i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypertension represents a major health problem primarily because of its role in contributing to the initiation and progression of major cardiovascular diseases. This cross-sectional observational study aims at analysing the utilization pattern of antihypertensives used for the treatment of hypertension at a tertiary care hospital in perspective of standard treatment guidelines. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, cross sectional and observational study carried out in the outpatient of Department of General Medicine of NC Medical College and Hospital. All patients with proven hypertension and put on antihypertensive medications were recruited from the Department of Medicine. The total duration of the study was 1 year i.e. December 2019 to November 2020. Results: In our study, the mean systolic blood pressure (mean±S.D) of the patients was 154.34±9.43 and the median was 153. Test of proportion showed most of the patients 53 (44.1%) were significantly higher systolic blood pressure ranging from 160-179 mmHg. The mean diastolic blood pressure (mean±S.D) of the patients was 98.32±8.43. Test of proportion showed most of the patients 51 (42.5%) were significantly higher diastolic blood pressure ranging from 100-119 mmHg. Test of proportion showed most of the patients 62 (51.6%) were on Mono therapy significantly higher than dual therapy, triple therapy and poly therapy, 34 (26.6%), 13 (10.8%), 11 (9.1%) respectively. Causality assessment of ADRs was done using WHOUMC scale which categorizes ADRs as “certain”, “probable”, “possible” and “unlikely”. Table 8 shows that type of reactions and their percentage are as certain (9.6%), Probable/ Likely (67.7%), Possible (19.3%), and Unlikely (3.2%). Conclusions: In this study usage of anti-hypertensive drugs were prescribed rationally in tertiary care hospital. The study emphasizes that need for effective continuing medical education and also preventive measures in hypertensive individuals.","PeriodicalId":328128,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126132092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In- vitro Antidiabetic and Anthelmintic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Impatiens Balsamina Roots","authors":" . ., Tandrima M, S. G., A. M., V. T, Bhagya Sri P","doi":"10.36349/easjpp.2021.v03i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpp.2021.v03i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract: Impatiens balsamina roots were collected, dried and grinded to a corase powder. The hydroethanolic extract was prepared by hot percolation technique using Soxhlet Apparatus. The prepared extract was then evaluated for its preliminary and phytochemical screening. The phytochemical screening reveals the presence of several secondary metabolites like flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, glycosides, terpenoids. The extract was evaluated for in-vitro antidiabetic activity using alpha-amylase inhibition method using Acarbose as a standard. The extract has shown its IC50 value at 0.316±0.002 mg/ml, while Acarbose having IC50 value at 0.206±0.001 mg/ml. The extract was further tested for anthelmintic activity by adulticidal activity using Albendazole as a standard. The extract exhibited significant anthelmintic activity and was dose dependent.","PeriodicalId":328128,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122851845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurobiology and Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Co-Occurring Major Depressive Disorder: Complications and Strategies","authors":"B. Kayongo","doi":"10.36349/EASJPP.2020.V02I06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/EASJPP.2020.V02I06.005","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a contentious diagnostic issue, which has been increasing in prevalence in recent years, and is often comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD). The common features of ADHD and MDD are altered activation of brain regions involved in rewarding processing and monoamine signalling. ADHD responds well to a multimodal treatment that consists of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions. Its treatment responsiveness improves mood and well-being. There is persistent debate around the use of catecholaminergic agents such as psychostimulants both in ADHD and in the treatment of depression. This review will focus on the neurobiology of both psychopathologies and how they intertwine, and consider the potential benefits and adverse effects of catecholaminergic agents in the treatment of ADHD and co-occurring MDD.","PeriodicalId":328128,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125552836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association of HSCRP with an Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Rattus norvegicus","authors":"I. Ali, Busolo Hillary","doi":"10.36349/EASJPP.2020.V02I06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/EASJPP.2020.V02I06.004","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract: Problem Statement: The side effects of antiretroviral drugs are prevalent, but the effects of antiretroviral on cardiovascular diseases have not been documented. Limited data is available on the effects of antiretroviral on cardiovascular diseases. Study Population: This study was conducted on wistar rats subjected to antiretroviral treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of administration of antiretroviral drugs on cardiovascular diseases in Rattus norvegicus, western Kenya. Methodology: This was a randomized controlled experimental study. 72 wistar rats will were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 10 rats each. Each group was subjected to a specific treatment. The rats were distributed in six groups namely C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and C6. Each group had twelve (12) samples under observation. C1 there is no treatment undertaken i.e. ARVs were not administered, while the other five groups had different ARVs or combinations of ARVs administered. Different types of ARVs were applied and record taken on HBA1C percentage, Insulin levels, HB levels and hsCRP. Results: The association between variables was investigated using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. The results revealed that all variables were positively correlated. There was a moderate positive correlation between HBA1C and Insulin (r = 0.392, p < .001). Small relationship existed between HB and insulin (r = 0.166, p < .001), and HBA1C and HB (r = 0.173, p < .001). There was low risk of hsCRP (<0.50mg/L) in all the samples. Conclusion: The administration of antiretroviral drugs in wistar rats has low risk of hsCRP.","PeriodicalId":328128,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115272385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Eniola Oladije, D. Apeh, F. Idih, Isaac Eleojo Shaibu, Hadiza Tahir Shuaibu, Dorcas Ojoma Ameh
{"title":"Effects of Ethanol Extract of Pterocarpus Erinaceus Leaves and Potassium Bromate Administration on Some Biochemical and Haematological Indices in Albino Rats","authors":"Joseph Eniola Oladije, D. Apeh, F. Idih, Isaac Eleojo Shaibu, Hadiza Tahir Shuaibu, Dorcas Ojoma Ameh","doi":"10.36349/easjpp.2020.v02i05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpp.2020.v02i05.002","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of the administrations of ethanol extract of Pterocarpus erinaceus leaves and potassium bromate respectively and in combination on serum electrolytes, total protein, lipid profile and haematological parameters in albino rats. The experimental animals were divided into four groups: Group A (control) was administered water, group B were administered 200 mg/kg potassium bromate, group C were administered 200 mg/kg P. erinaceus extract and group D were administered a combined dose of 200 mg/kg potassium bromate and 200 mg/kg of P. erinaceus extract, all the administrations were done orally and continued daily for 21 days. It was observed in this study that potassium bromate decreased bicarbonate ion in the serum while the administration of P. erinaceus extract alone and in combination with potassium bromate increased bicarbonate ion in the serum. Rats administered with potassium bromate exhibited slight symptoms of toxicity while the Pterocarpus erinaceus leave extract showed a strong preventive effect against some biomarkers of cardiovascular damage. Groups administered the combined dose of potassium bromate and the extract showed a uniform percentage increase in white blood cell, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume accompanied by a decrease in red blood cells and platelet. The research reaffirmed the negative food safety impact associated with the consumption of potassium bromate, the ameliorative effect of the ethanol extract of P. erinaceus and its potential in preventing cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":328128,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114895863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review: Antioxidant Activities of Sembung Leaves (Blumea Balsamifera (L.) DC)","authors":" Septi Dwi Putri, R. ., Ridho Asra","doi":"10.36349/easjpp.2020.v02i05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpp.2020.v02i05.001","url":null,"abstract":"Quick Response Code Abstract: Sembung (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC) is a drug that is widely used for treatment in various countries such as Indonesia, China, the Philippines and other countries. In Indonesia it has various other names, in West Sumatra it is called Capo leaf and sembung. In China it is better known as ainiaxing. Sembung is used as an ancient medical medicine. It has many uses, namely for antioxidants, for wound healing, antibacterial, anti-malarial, as well as xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Antioxidants are inhibitors in the oxidation process so that they can protect cells from the dangers of free radical.","PeriodicalId":328128,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"88 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131589764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deciphering of Anthelmintic Potential of Annona squamosa Leaf: Molecular Mechanistic","authors":"Samiksha Kishore, J. Malik","doi":"10.36349/easjpp.2023.v05i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjpp.2023.v05i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal treatments have historically been utilized to treat various human diseases. To find a single ingredient that could be the basis for creating new therapeutically effective products, researchers studied herbal medicines. Annona squamosa Linn has anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, cytotoxic, gene-toxic, and anticancer properties. The primary active components of A. squamosa leaves, flavonoids, have been utilised to treat a variety of human ailments. Quercetin and rutin, two flavonoids, have been shown to have anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and heart disease preventive properties. In the present study in -vivo and in -silico evaluation of anthelmintic potential of Annona squamosa leaf methanolic extract was carried out. Further proposed mechanism of Anthelmintic efficacy of Annona squamosa leaf was determined by molecular docking.","PeriodicalId":328128,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127423465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}