Journal of Cognition最新文献_第9页

I Won’t Forget to Do It If It’s Important: A Multinomial Processing Tree Analysis of Social Importance and Monetary Reward on Event-Based Prospective Memory 如果重要，我就不会忘记：社会重要性和金钱奖励对基于事件的前瞻性记忆的多叉处理树分析

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.5334/joc.367

Geoffrey Blondelle, V. Quaglino, Y. Gounden, Anais Dethoor, Harmony Duclos, Mathieu Hainselin

{"title":"I Won’t Forget to Do It If It’s Important: A Multinomial Processing Tree Analysis of Social Importance and Monetary Reward on Event-Based Prospective Memory","authors":"Geoffrey Blondelle, V. Quaglino, Y. Gounden, Anais Dethoor, Harmony Duclos, Mathieu Hainselin","doi":"10.5334/joc.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.367","url":null,"abstract":"While previous research has suggested that prospective memory may be enhanced by providing a social motive (i.e., social importance) or by promising a monetary reward for successful performance, to the best of our knowledge, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects are still largely unexplored. In a sample of 96 younger adults, this study investigated how social importance and promising a monetary reward influence the prospective component and the retrospective component of event-based prospective memory separately, with the application of a multinomial modeling approach. Results revealed enhanced prospective memory performance for all importance conditions compared to a standard condition. This improvement was characterized by an increased allocation of resource-demanding attentional processes in performing the prospective memory task at the expense of the ongoing task without an increase in the perceived importance of the prospective memory task. The model-based analyses showed that the beneficial effects of importance arise from an increased engagement of the prospective component, leaving the estimates for the retrospective component unaffected.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Baseline Pupil Size Seems Unrelated to Fluid Intelligence, Working Memory Capacity, and Attentional Control. 基线瞳孔大小似乎与流体智力、工作记忆能力和注意力控制无关。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.365

Veera Ruuskanen, Thomas Hagen, Thomas Espeseth, Sebastiaan Mathôt

{"title":"Baseline Pupil Size Seems Unrelated to Fluid Intelligence, Working Memory Capacity, and Attentional Control.","authors":"Veera Ruuskanen, Thomas Hagen, Thomas Espeseth, Sebastiaan Mathôt","doi":"10.5334/joc.365","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.365","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, several studies have explored the relationship between resting-state baseline pupil size and cognitive abilities, including fluid intelligence, working memory capacity, and attentional control. However, the results have been inconsistent. Here we present the findings from two experiments designed to replicate and expand previous research, with the aim of clarifying previous mixed findings. In both experiments, we measured baseline pupil size while participants were not engaged in any tasks, and assessed fluid intelligence using a matrix task. In one experiment we also measured working memory capacity (letter-number-sequencing task) and attentional control (attentional-capture task). We controlled for several personal and demographic variables known to influence pupil size, such as age and nicotine consumption. Our analyses revealed no relationship between resting-state pupil size (average or variability) and any of the measured constructs, neither before nor after controlling for confounding variables. Taken together, our results suggest that any relationship between resting-state pupil size and cognitive abilities is likely to be weak or non-existent.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11086595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Statistical Relationships Between Phonological Form, Emotional Valence and Arousal of Spanish Words. 西班牙语单词的语音形式、情感价值和唤醒之间的统计关系。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.366

Greig I de Zubicaray, José A Hinojosa

引用次数: 0

Semantic and Syntactic Predictions in Reading Aloud: Are Good Predictors Good Statistical Learners? 朗读中的语义和句法预测：好的预测者是好的统计学习者吗？

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.363

Elisa Gavard, Johannes C Ziegler

{"title":"Semantic and Syntactic Predictions in Reading Aloud: Are Good Predictors Good Statistical Learners?","authors":"Elisa Gavard, Johannes C Ziegler","doi":"10.5334/joc.363","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.363","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research suggests that becoming a fluent reader may partially rely on a domain-general statistical learning (SL) mechanism that allows a person to automatically extract predictable patterns from the sensory input. The goal of the present study was to investigate a potential link between SL and the ability to make linguistic predictions. All previous studies investigated quite general levels of reading ability rather than the dynamic process of making linguistic predictions. We thus used a recently developed predictive reading task, which consisted of having participants read aloud words that were preceded by either semantically or syntactically predictive contexts. To measure the componential nature of SL, we used a visual and an auditory SL task (VSL, ASL) and the classic serial reaction time task (SRT). General reading ability was assessed with a reading speed/comprehension test. The study was conducted online on a sample of 120 participants to make it possible to explore interindividual differences. The results showed only weak and sometimes even negative correlations between the various SL measures. ASL correlated positively and predicted general reading ability but neither semantic nor syntactic prediction effects. Similarly, one of the SRT measures was significantly associated with reading level and reading speed but not with linguistic prediction effects. In sum, there is little evidence that domain-general SL is a good predictor of people's ability to make domain-specific linguistic predictions. In contrast, SL shows a weak but significant association with general reading ability.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11086592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Just-in-Time Encoding Into Visual Working Memory Is Contingent Upon Constant Availability of External Information. 及时编码进入视觉工作记忆取决于外部信息的持续可用性

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-03 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.364

Alex J Hoogerbrugge, Christoph Strauch, Sanne Böing, Tanja C W Nijboer, Stefan Van der Stigchel

{"title":"Just-in-Time Encoding Into Visual Working Memory Is Contingent Upon Constant Availability of External Information.","authors":"Alex J Hoogerbrugge, Christoph Strauch, Sanne Böing, Tanja C W Nijboer, Stefan Van der Stigchel","doi":"10.5334/joc.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.364","url":null,"abstract":"Humans maintain an intricate balance between storing information in visual working memory (VWM) and just-in-time sampling of the external world, rooted in a trade-off between the cost of maintaining items in VWM versus retrieving information as it is needed. Previous studies have consistently shown that one prerequisite of just-in-time sampling is a high degree of availability of external information, and that introducing a delay before being able to access information led participants to rely less on the external world and more on VWM. However, these studies manipulated availability in such a manner that the cost of sampling was stable and predictable. It is yet unclear whether participants become less reliant on external information when it is more difficult to factor in the cost of sampling that information. In two experiments, participants copied an example layout from the left to the right side of the screen. In Experiment 1, intermittent occlusion of the example layout led participants to attempt to encode more items per inspection than when the layout was constantly available, but this did not consistently result in more correct placements. However, these findings could potentially be explained by inherent differences in how long the example layout could be viewed. Therefore in Experiment 2, the example layout only became available after a gaze-contingent delay, which could be constant or variable. Here, the introduction of any delay led to increased VWM load compared to no delay, although the degree of variability in the delay did not alter behaviour. These results reaffirm that the nature of when we engage VWM is dynamical, and suggest that any disruption to the continuous availability of external information is the main driver of increased VWM usage relative to whether availability is predictable or not.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11067970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lexical Feedback in the Time-Invariant String Kernel (TISK) Model of Spoken Word Recognition. 时间不变字符串内核（TISK）口语词汇识别模型中的词汇反馈。

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-26 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5334/joc.362

James S Magnuson, Heejo You, Thomas Hannagan

{"title":"Lexical Feedback in the Time-Invariant String Kernel (TISK) Model of Spoken Word Recognition.","authors":"James S Magnuson, Heejo You, Thomas Hannagan","doi":"10.5334/joc.362","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.362","url":null,"abstract":"The Time-Invariant String Kernel (TISK) model of spoken word recognition (Hannagan, Magnuson & Grainger, 2013; You & Magnuson, 2018) is an interactive activation model with many similarities to TRACE (McClelland & Elman, 1986). However, by replacing most time-specific nodes in TRACE with time-invariant open-diphone nodes, TISK uses orders of magnitude fewer nodes and connections than TRACE. Although TISK performed remarkably similarly to TRACE in simulations reported by Hannagan et al., the original TISK implementation did not include lexical feedback, precluding simulation of top-down effects, and leaving open the possibility that adding feedback to TISK might fundamentally alter its performance. Here, we demonstrate that when lexical feedback is added to TISK, it gains the ability to simulate top-down effects without losing the ability to simulate the fundamental phenomena tested by Hannagan et al. Furthermore, with feedback, TISK demonstrates graceful degradation when noise is added to input, although parameters can be found that also promote (less) graceful degradation without feedback. We review arguments for and against feedback in cognitive architectures, and conclude that feedback provides a computationally efficient basis for robust constraint-based processing.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"7 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11049678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Goal-Dependent Use of Temporal Regularities to Orient Attention under Spatial and Action Uncertainty 在空间和行动不确定性条件下，利用时间规律性确定注意力方向的目标依赖性

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.5334/joc.360

Irene Echeverria-Altuna, Anna C. Nobre, S. Boettcher

{"title":"Goal-Dependent Use of Temporal Regularities to Orient Attention under Spatial and Action Uncertainty","authors":"Irene Echeverria-Altuna, Anna C. Nobre, S. Boettcher","doi":"10.5334/joc.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.360","url":null,"abstract":"The temporal regularities in our environments support the proactive dynamic anticipation of relevant events. In visual attention, one important outstanding question is whether temporal predictions must be linked to predictions about spatial locations or motor plans to facilitate behaviour. To test this, we developed a task for manipulating temporal expectations and task relevance of visual stimuli appearing within rapidly presented streams, while stimulus location and responding hand remained uncertain. Differently coloured stimuli appeared in one of two concurrent (left and right) streams with distinct temporal probability structures. Targets were defined by colour on a trial-by-trial basis and appeared equiprobably in either stream, requiring a localisation response. Across two experiments, participants were faster and more accurate at detecting temporally predictable targets compared to temporally unpredictable targets. We conclude that temporal expectations learned incidentally from temporal regularities can be called upon flexibly in a goal-driven manner to guide behaviour. Moreover, we show that visual temporal attention can facilitate performance in the absence of concomitant spatial or motor expectations in dynamically unfolding contexts.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Influence of Manipulating and Accentuating Task-Irrelevant Information on Learning Efficiency: Insights for Cognitive Load Theory 操纵和强调任务相关信息对学习效率的影响：认知负荷理论的启示

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.5334/joc.361

Batel Hazan-Liran, Paul Miller

引用次数: 0

Explaining the Sentence Superiority Effect and N400s Elicited by Words and Short Sentences with OB1-Reader 用 OB1-Reader 解释单词和短句引起的句子优势效应和 N400s

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.5334/joc.358

N. Seijdel, Gina Stolwijk, Beatriz Janicas, Joshua Snell, M. Meeter

{"title":"Explaining the Sentence Superiority Effect and N400s Elicited by Words and Short Sentences with OB1-Reader","authors":"N. Seijdel, Gina Stolwijk, Beatriz Janicas, Joshua Snell, M. Meeter","doi":"10.5334/joc.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.358","url":null,"abstract":"Research into reading has benefitted from the emergence of powerful computational models that account for reading behavior at different levels. Such models become more powerful when the underlying anatomy, architecture or ‘physiology’ can be linked to the behavior of interest. OB1-reader is a reading model that simulates the processes underlying reading in the human brain. Previous studies showed that OB1-reader can account for various phenomena in the word recognition and text reading literatures. Here we aim to extend OB1’s scope, by simulating behavioral performance and evoked EEG activity for two experimental word-recognition tasks: a flanker task in which unrelated flankers generated less accurate responses combined with a larger N400, and a sentence reading task in which words were recognized more accurately at central positions and within intact sentences, than at peripheral positions and in scrambled sentences. OB1 simulated several behavioral findings in both paradigms, including the so-called sentence superiority effect. Moreover, virtual event-related potentials (ERPs) generated from node activity in OB1 were compared to human ERPs. More lexical activity in OB1 predicted the size of the N400 component of human readers in both experiments, but not the N250.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":"106 s414","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multilingualism at the Market: A Pre-registered Immersive Virtual Reality Study of Bilingual Language Switching 市场上的多语制：双语语言转换的预注册沉浸式虚拟现实研究

Journal of Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.5334/joc.359

Alex Titus, David Peeters

{"title":"Multilingualism at the Market: A Pre-registered Immersive Virtual Reality Study of Bilingual Language Switching","authors":"Alex Titus, David Peeters","doi":"10.5334/joc.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.359","url":null,"abstract":"Bilinguals, by definition, are capable of expressing themselves in more than one language. But which cognitive mechanisms allow them to switch from one language to another? Previous experimental research using the cued language-switching paradigm supports theoretical models that assume that both transient, reactive and sustained, proactive inhibitory mechanisms underlie bilinguals’ capacity to flexibly and efficiently control which language they use. Here we used immersive virtual reality to test the extent to which these inhibitory mechanisms may be active when unbalanced Dutch-English bilinguals i) produce full sentences rather than individual words, ii) to a life-size addressee rather than only into a microphone, iii) using a message that is relevant to that addressee rather than communicatively irrelevant, iv) in a rich visual environment rather than in front of a computer screen. We observed a reversed language dominance paired with switch costs for the L2 but not for the L1 when participants were stand owners in a virtual marketplace and informed their monolingual customers in full sentences about the price of their fruits and vegetables. These findings strongly suggest that the subtle balance between the application of reactive and proactive inhibitory mechanisms that support bilingual language control may be different in the everyday life of a bilingual compared to in the (traditional) psycholinguistic laboratory.","PeriodicalId":32728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognition","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1