Fuel Processing Technology最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of NO reduction mechanism of nitrogen-impregnated biomass across wide temperature range","authors":"Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Yingying Qu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Frédéric Marias ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional denitrification methods for coal-fired power boilers face challenges like reduced flue gas temperature at low loads, decreased efficiency of existing denitrification devices, and increased ammonia consumption. Biomass, a renewable energy source, has proven effective for denitrification in medium to high-temperature ranges. To improve denitrification efficiency at low loads, this study focuses on optimizing re-burning denitrification of biomass by nitrogen-impregnated of corncob at room temperature. Investigating the effects of nitrogen impregnation and washing on biomass re-burning denitrification reactivity within 550–950 °C, the study finds that denitrification efficiency improvement is not caused only by surface-covered urea or washing. Nitrogen impregnation enhances biomass pyrolysis, releasing more CO, HCN, and NH₃ products, thereby enhancing NO reduction during denitrification. Additionally, nitrogen impregnation boosts nitrogen-containing functional groups such N-6 on biomass char surfaces during the re-burning process, improving denitrification efficiency. The maximum denitrification efficiency of the nitrogen impregnated sample reached 97.52 % at 950 °C, while it reached 76.51 % at 650 °C when the coated urea was washed. Furthermore, chlorine and alkali metal contents in biomass notably decrease after nitrogen-impregnation and washing, optimizing biomass combustion conditions for furnace protection. This study offers theoretical insights for promoting and applying biomass denitrification techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108132"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001024/pdfft?md5=26dbf0d1573c202d4cbde47f6e8b0af5&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001024-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the mechanism behind the surge in nitrogen dioxide emissions in engines transitioning from pure diesel operation to methanol/diesel dual-fuel operation","authors":"Qiao Huang ,&nbsp;Ruomiao Yang ,&nbsp;Junheng Liu ,&nbsp;Tianfang Xie ,&nbsp;Jinlong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In diesel engines, nitrogen monoxide (NO) is the predominant component of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. However, when transitioning to methanol/diesel dual-fuel operation, even with a small percentage of methanol replacing diesel energy (e.g. 10 %), the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) increases significantly, becoming comparable to that of NO. This study employs multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to reproduce this NO₂/NOx surge ratio phenomenon and investigates the underlying mechanism driving the surge in NO₂ emissions, an area insufficiently explored in existing literature. By comparing CFD simulations with and without the NO+HO₂↔NO₂ + OH reaction in the chemical mechanism, the results reveal that the surge in NO₂ concentration disappears when this reaction is invalidated, while engine efficiency, combustion phasing, and overall NOx emissions remain largely unchanged. This indicates that the NO+HO₂↔NO₂ + OH reaction is the primary contributor to the sudden increase in the NO₂/NOx ratio. Further analysis during the main combustion stage shows that the diesel spray splits into two distinct regions after impinging on the bowl boundary, with one region deep within the bowl and the other near the squish region. During the late oxidation stage, the diffusion flame directed towards the deep bowl area remains a high-temperature zone with a high concentration of NO, whereas the flame near the squish region evolves into a low-temperature zone due to effective mixing with the low-temperature methanol/air mixture. In these low-temperature regions, almost all NO formed during the main combustion stage is converted to NO₂ during the late oxidation stage, leading to the observed NO₂/NOx ratio surge. Methanol oxidation contributes HO₂ radicals, which facilitate the NO-to-NO₂ conversion. Consequently, the low-temperature oxidation of methanol outside the high-temperature region does not lead to thermal ignition but is instead responsible for the rare occurrence of the NO₂ surge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108131"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001012/pdfft?md5=c3715bc5aacc519a78369d93364876b5&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001012-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient Co-added Ni/CeO2 catalyst for co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes by methane decomposition","authors":"Jae-Rang Youn ,&nbsp;Min-Jae Kim ,&nbsp;Ki Cheol Kim ,&nbsp;Mincheol Kim ,&nbsp;Taesung Jung ,&nbsp;Kang-Seok Go ,&nbsp;Sang Goo Jeon ,&nbsp;Woohyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) is a hydrogen and nanostructured carbon production process with minimal CO₂ emission. Among the transition metal-based catalysts (e.g. Ni, Fe, Co, etc.), Ni-based catalysts are most widely studied due to the higher catalytic activity in decomposing methane. However, the limited lifespan of the catalyst makes it unsuitable for practical applications. Effective methane decomposition catalysts should be designed to optimize both reaction efficiency and catalyst lifetime. A Ni/CeO₂ catalyst, developed in previous studies, Co was added to promote low-temperature (&lt; 700 °C) activity manipulating the redox property of Co. Among the prepared catalysts with varying Ni:Co ratio, the methane conversion rate of the Ni₈Co₂/CeO₂ catalyst was approximately twice that of the Ni₁₀/CeO₂ catalyst, confirming its excellent low-temperature activity. The reaction rate of Ni₈Co₂/CeO₂ catalyst was 4.38 mmol/min∙g_cat at 600 °C with WHSV of 36 L/g_cat∙h. In terms of characteristics of carbon products, Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the carbon grown on the catalyst surface exhibited high crystallinity, with D-G band ratio (I_D/I_G) of 1.01. The fresh and used catalyst samples were characterized by TEM, XPS, XAS, and other methods to analyze the parameters affecting catalytic activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 108130"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001000/pdfft?md5=00c48cd2f13854b03ac8474c92325edf&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001000-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simultaneous depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation process to produce lignin-based jet fuel in continuous flow reactor","authors":"Adarsh Kumar ,&nbsp;David C. Bell ,&nbsp;Zhibin Yang ,&nbsp;Joshua Heyne ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Santosa ,&nbsp;Huamin Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Zuo ,&nbsp;Chongmin Wang ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Mittal ,&nbsp;Darryl P. Klein ,&nbsp;Michael J. Manto ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Economical production of lignin-based jet fuel (LJF) can improve the sustainability of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) as well as can reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions. However, the challenge lies in converting technical lignin polymer from biorefinery directly to jet fuel in a continuous operation. In this work, we demonstrate a simultaneous depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation (SDHDO) process to produce lignin-based jet fuel from the alkali corn stover lignin (ACSL) using engineered Ru-HY-60-MI catalyst in a continuous flow reactor, for the first time. The maximum carbon yield of LJF of 17.9 wt% was obtained, and it comprised of 60.2 wt% monocycloalkanes, and 21.6 wt% polycycloalkanes. Catalyst characterization of Ru-HY-60-MI suggested there was no significant change in HY zeolite structure and its crystallinity after catalyst engineering. Catalyst characterizations performed post the SDHDO experiments indicate presence of carbon and K content in the catalyst. K content presence in the spent catalyst was due to K⁺ ion was exchanged between lignin solution and HY-60 while carbon presence validated the SDHDO chemistry on the catalyst surface. Tier α fuel property testing indicates that LJF production using SDHDO chemistry can produce SAF with high compatibility, good sealing properties, low emissions, and high energy density for aircraft.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 108129"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024000997/pdfft?md5=71effa12b8694059dffbf5723e7b3e5b&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024000997-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal structure of asphaltene under mechanical stress of ball milling","authors":"Fahad Al-Ajmi,&nbsp;Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aims to investigate the structural behaviour of asphaltene under mechanical stress using ball milling. Asphaltene samples were collected and separated from Kuwait export crude using n-heptane and subsequently ball milled for up to 24 h. X-ray diffraction was used to provide an insight into asphaltene macrostructure properties, which subsequently utilised to determine crystallite parameters. The results showed that the mechanical stress has a great influence on these structural parameters, with an increase of the aromatic sheet's inter-layer distance from 3.6 <span><math><mi>Å</mi></math></span> to 3.9 <span><math><mi>Å</mi></math></span>. While the height of stacked aromatic sheets per cluster and the number of stacked aromatic sheets per cluster decreased from 24.6 <span><math><mi>Å</mi></math></span> to 9.3 <span><math><mi>Å</mi></math></span> and 8 to 3.2, respectively. A significant increment in the aromaticity value was also observed after the ball milling experimentations, indicating mechanical stress induces cyclisation and aromatisation. The XRD profiles of the higher milling time samples reveals a high background intensity. This suggests a formation and/or increasing the proportion of highly disordered materials. In addition, the effects magnitude on asphaltene crystal parameters between the mechanical stress against heat stress was compared. The results showed core structural parameters are more sensitive to mechanical stress over heat stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 108119"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024000894/pdfft?md5=94d3a6fad0ee2066f67e34f67271b6cc&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024000894-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-stage pretreatment of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude oil as a precursor for sustainable aviation fuel production","authors":"Sabrina Summers ,&nbsp;Siyu Yang ,&nbsp;Zixin Wang ,&nbsp;Buchun Si ,&nbsp;Harshal Kawale ,&nbsp;Yuanhui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A major challenge for upgrading hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude into sustainable aviation fuel is the presence of inorganic material. Unlike commercial crude oil or biofuel from energy crops, excessive amounts of contaminants such as salt, water, and ash in biocrude oil from hydrothermal liquefaction can cause catalyst deactivation during hydroprocessing, decreased distillation efficiency, and equipment fouling from alkali deposits. Therefore, efficient removal of these impurities in HTL biocrude oil is essential. This work investigated a novel 3-stage pretreatment process, removing water, salt, and ash without chemicals, to produce a HTL biocrude oil precursor suitable for hydroprocessing. The influence of water to oil (W:O) ratio, temperature, and time on desalting efficiency was determined. After pretreatment, 81% of salt was removed, reducing total salt content to &lt;0.1%. Improvements in elemental composition and physicochemical fuel properties were observed in biocrude oils from two feedstocks, with up to 39.8% decrease in oxygen content, 55% decrease in sulfur content, 22.2% decrease in nitrogen content, 9.86% increase in higher heating value, 73.4% decrease in total acid number, 99.9% decrease in viscosity, and 17.0% decrease in density. Compared with a single-step distillation as pretreatment, 3-stage pretreatment resulted in increased salt and heteroatom removal, improved heating value, and lower acidity. The precursor quality was viable for subsequential hydrotreating and other downstream refinery processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 108118"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024000882/pdfft?md5=d8dbf1e735667063703aa385c3e69a4a&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024000882-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence mechanism of emulsion collector on the flotation effect of coal gasification fine slag","authors":"Panpan Fan ,&nbsp;Wenwen Dai ,&nbsp;Xiaoting Fan ,&nbsp;Lianping Dong ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Wang ,&nbsp;Weiren Bao ,&nbsp;Liping Chang ,&nbsp;Minqiang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coal gasification slag (CGS) presents significant challenge to the green and low-carbon development of the coal gasification industry due to its limited utilization restriction. In this study, cationic surfactant DTAB was used with kerosene to formulate an emulsion collector. The flotation results showed that, the increase in collector dosage could significantly improve the combustible recovery. At an optimal collector dosage of 10 kg/t, an increased DTAB ratio could significantly diminish the ash content of flotation concentrates and improve flotation precision. Through flotation dynamics experiments and fitting of the Fuerstenau upgrading curve, it confirmed that the entrainment of fine-grained particles with high ash content is the primary contributor to high ash content in flotation concentrates. Combined with FTIR spectroscopy, XPS and other analysis method, it validated that the surfactant effectively reduced the dispersed particle size of the agent, the increased contact angle of RC surface also improved hydrophobicity and improved particles hydrophobic agglomeration strength. Molecular dynamics simulation further illuminated that the surfactant covered part of the hydrophilic sites on the residue carbon (RC) surface and influenced the electrostatic interaction. The research results have important theoretical significance for perfecting the flotation theory of CGFS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 108120"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024000900/pdfft?md5=521bcc3280777a660ab0d05f05bd03a4&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024000900-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly effective Pt-Pd/ZSM-22 catalysts prepared by the room temperature electron reduction method for the n-hexadecane hydroisomerization","authors":"Huiyan Li ,&nbsp;Kaihang Sun ,&nbsp;Shuxiang Xiong ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of highly effective bifunctional catalysts for <em>n</em>-hexadecane hydroisomerization is still essential to produce second-generation biodiesel. Herein, a Pt-Pd/ZSM-22-G (abbreviated as Pt-Pd/Z22-G) bimetallic catalyst was prepared by employing a room temperature electron reduction (RTER) method with glow discharge as the electron source. As a contrast, a series of Pt/Z22-H, Pd/Z22-H and Pt-Pd/Z22-H catalysts were prepared by the conventional hydrogen reduction method. The Pt-Pd/Z22-G catalyst reveals more exposed metal sites, larger C_Me/C_H+ values and an enhanced distribution of Pt-Pd(111) facets compared with the Pt/Z22-H, Pd/Z22-H and Pt-Pd/Z22-H catalysts. These modifications are originated from the stronger electron interactions and the smaller metal nanoparticles because of the effects of highly energetic reducing electrons. The <em>n</em>-hexadecane hydroisomerization results show that the <em>iso-</em>hexadecane yield over the Pt-Pd/Z22-G catalyst is 82.9%, which is the highest among four investigated catalysts in this work. This phenomenon occurs because more exposed Pt-Pd(111) facets and larger C_Me/C_H+ ratios are beneficial for the adsorption and hydrogenation of <em>iso-</em>alkene intermediates at metal sites to increase the <em>iso</em>-alkanes yield based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, the <em>iso</em>-alkanes yield over the Pt-Pd/Z22-G catalyst also keeps steady after long-term tests for 120 h because of the limited metal aggregation and carbon deposition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 108117"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024000870/pdfft?md5=07a8817b4adfaf4297e16d73be2c6f57&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024000870-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141990586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of raw material, moisture and high-temperature tertiary air on a coal gasifier for cement precalciation","authors":"Zhang Leyu ,&nbsp;Chen Qingqing ,&nbsp;Wei Xiaolin ,&nbsp;Cheng Heng ,&nbsp;Li Sen","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a new method of pulverized coal gasification using high-temperature tertiary air in a cement precalciner, in which an external hanging gasifier is added nearby. A full-scale model is established and simulated for the entrained flow gasifier. During the gasification process, the global reaction mechanism is used to model the release and reactions of volatiles from pulverized coal, and a particle surface reaction model is employed to calculate the fixed carbon content. The mechanism by which reducing gas reacts with NO is also considered. The results of the velocity, temperature, gas composition, NO_x emissions, calorific value, volatile conversion ratio and char burnout ratio, are achieved in the simulation. The results show that the volatile conversion ratios were close to 100%, and the carbon conversion ratios ranged from 27.97% to 62.76% among all the tested conditions. The concentrations of NO at the outlet of the gasifier were 109, 98, 75, 91, 87, 76, and 90 mg/m³ separately in 7 conditions. These values are significantly lower than those of complete combustion. However, the addition of raw meal had the best temperature control effect, leading to a significant decrease in thermal NO_x production and no side effects on the stability of the production line.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 108113"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024000833/pdfft?md5=07e0e2dc09c2ab369c40206082a0c789&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024000833-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) emissions during the combustion of wood pellets in a small-scale combustion unit – Influence of aluminum-(silicate-)based fuel additivation","authors":"Theresa Siegmund,&nbsp;Christian Gollmer,&nbsp;Niklas Horstmann,&nbsp;Martin Kaltschmitt","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The additivation of solid biofuels has proven to be an effective method for reducing total particulate matter (TPM) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, as well as for reducing ash-related problems related to, e.g., fouling and slagging. During the combustion with additives, potassium (K) released from the solid biofuels is bound into temperature-stable compounds, thus preventing the formation of inorganic (i.e., K-based) TPM. Simultaneously by reducing K in the gas phase, the inhibition of gas-phase oxidation (e.g., CO oxidation) due to interference of K within the existing radical pool is hindered. Particularly kaolin, an aluminum-silicate-based additive has proven effective in reducing not only TPM but also CO emissions. The mitigation effects on CO emissions have previously been reported mostly in a subordinate role and explanations are given in the form of hypotheses. In this study, seven additives (i.e., kaolin, kaolinite, meta-kaolinite, aluminum hydroxide, muscovite, muscovite coated with titanium dioxide and kalsilite, each at 0.3 wt%_a.r.) were investigated during wood pellet combustion in a small-scale furnace (7.8 kW). For both CO and TPM emissions, kaolin proved to be most effective (i.e., −52% CO, −49% TPM), followed by muscovite, kaolinite, TiO₂ coated muscovite, aluminum hydroxide, and meta-kaolinite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 108111"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037838202400081X/pdfft?md5=ae37554103594d3072f87d0e16e29198&pid=1-s2.0-S037838202400081X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}