Fuel Processing Technology最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the spray formation of solketal under diesel engine conditions and the influence on Diesel R33.","authors":"Julian Türck ,&nbsp;Sebastian Riess ,&nbsp;Lukas Strauß ,&nbsp;Fabian Schmitt ,&nbsp;Ralf Türck ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Ruck ,&nbsp;Michael Wensing ,&nbsp;Jürgen Krahl","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The defossilization of diesel fuels presents a multitude of new opportunities and challenges. Due to the increase in complexity and interactions between the components, it is necessary to examine the drop-in capability of new fuel components. One aspect of this is the influence on spray formation of the fuel. This work addresses the spray behavior of isopropylideneglycerine (solketal) and its influence on a multicomponent diesel blend (Diesel R33: 33 % renewable share). In general, it represents the first spray study of solketal. It enables value to be added from glycerin and, according to initial combustion tests, has a promising emissions profile due to its higher molecular oxygen density. The mass flow rate, penetration depth and cone angle were examined by using high-temperature and -pressure injection chamber equipped by optical diagnostics (Mie scattering setup and schlieren imaging system). These parameters are examined under varying fuel temperatures, injection pressures and ambient conditions. Solketal as a pure compound exhibits the expected behavior i.e. it is drop-in compatible even with varying parameters. The influence of solketal on Diesel R33 reveals that, in comparison to solketal-free blends, larger maximum mass flows are generated. It also shows that the penetration depths decrease (up to 34 %). In addition, there is more fuel in the gas phase, which may be a result of the comparatively low boiling point. In general, the influence of solketal suggests that fuel-induced soot reduction could be possible in existing fleets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 108308"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of diesel pre-injection effects on combustion and emission characteristics in a small-displacement ammonia/diesel dual-fuel engine","authors":"Shikai Xing ,&nbsp;Yunge Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianbing Gao ,&nbsp;Junfeng Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Wang ,&nbsp;Sunchu Wu ,&nbsp;Xianglong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a zero‑carbon fuel, ammonia is characterized by a high ignition temperature and slow laminar flame speed. Ammonia/diesel dual-fuel (ADDF) mode effectively improves ammonia combustion characteristics. This study employs a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model to systematically investigate the effects of diesel injection strategies on the combustion and emission characteristics of ADDF engine at low ammonia energy ratios (ammonia energy ratios below 30 %). The findings reveal that the pre-injection strategy markedly enhances the combustion efficiency and reduces emissions compared to the single-injection strategy. When the start of diesel pre-injection (SODI-pre) and the diesel split ratio (DSR) are −47.2 °CA and 20 %, the indicated thermal efficiency of the engine reaches 47.04 %, with an improvement of 1.47 % over the single-injection strategy. Meanwhile, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 16.92 %. The combustion of the diesel pre-injection generates a high-temperature environment at the SODI-pre of −17.2 °CA. This promotes the evaporation and combustion of the main-injected diesel, thereby increasing the peak in-cylinder pressure. However, regarding the cases of the SODI-pre of −27.2 °CA and − 37.2 °CA, the combustion phase advances significantly. The extended interval between the onset of combustion and the main-injection suppresses the combustion of the main-injected diesel, leading to a reduction in peak in-cylinder pressure. The in-cylinder combustion is improved when the SODI-pre is advanced to −47.2 °CA. In the combustion process, a notable increase in combustion zones at the center of the combustion chamber is observed. Meanwhile, a significant reduction in low-temperature combustion regions contributes to a substantial decrease of N₂O emissions. Additionally, the increase of DSR enhances the in-cylinder mixture uniformity, allowing more of the combustible mixture to burn, resulting in an increase of peak in-cylinder pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 108301"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling the trapped and deactivating species on HZSM-5 zeolite during 1-butene oligomerization","authors":"Sepideh Izaddoust ,&nbsp;Idoia Hita ,&nbsp;Timo Kekäläinen ,&nbsp;José Valecillos ,&nbsp;Janne Jänis ,&nbsp;Pedro Castaño ,&nbsp;Eva Epelde","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transformation of 1-butene into valuable fuels using HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts is significantly hindered by deactivation caused by deposited species and coke formation. This work delves into the entrapment, formation, and growth of these species during 1-butene oligomerization at 275–325 °C, 1.5–40 bar, and space-times of 2–6 g_cat h mol_C⁻¹. We have employed an extensive characterization of the used catalysts, integrating conventional techniques with high-resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, FT-ICR MS). This advanced technique provides a detailed molecular-level analysis of these species. Our findings reveal that higher pressures promote oligomerization, resulting in an increased accumulation of trapped oligomer species. Conversely, higher temperatures facilitate the cracking of these oligomers into lighter fractions or their further conversion into coke molecules through condensation reactions. This dual behavior underscores the complex interplay between temperature and pressure in influencing the deactivation pathways. By understanding the overall reaction mechanism and the formation and growth patterns of trapped and deactivating species, we can develop strategies to mitigate catalyst deactivation, ultimately leading to more efficient industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 108297"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating ammonia's impact on non-gray radiation and thermometry during biomass co-firing via spectral guidance","authors":"Liu Huixin ,&nbsp;Wang Chunbo ,&nbsp;Sun Cen ,&nbsp;Yu Xuewu ,&nbsp;Zhang Xiaotian","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia co-firing with biomass is a vital strategy for decarbonizing power generation, yet optimizing its efficiency and emissions necessitates accurate flame temperature monitoring. Reliable diagnosis, however, is impeded by strong, phase-dependent non-gray radiation from biomass (volatile vs. char) and the critically unquantified impact of NH₃ on essential spectral radiative properties. This work systematically investigates the influence of NH₃ concentration on the spectral emissivity <em>ε(λ)</em> of burning rice husk particles within the visible spectrum (400–700 nm) during distinct volatile and char combustion phases, utilizing simultaneous spectroscopy and RGB pyrometry. The investigation revealed that NH₃ significantly lowers <em>ε(λ)</em> for both volatile combustion, where <em>ε</em>_<em>λ</em> decreases with wavelength (<em>ε(λ)</em> &lt; 0.16), and char combustion, where <em>ε</em>_<em>λ</em> increases with wavelength (<em>ε(λ)</em> ≈ 0.35–0.75). Consequently, the key emissivity ratio <em>ε</em>_<em>g</em><em>/ε</em>_<em>r</em> (at 530/600 nm) required for RGB pyrometry exhibited opposite behaviors: for volatile combustion, <em>ε</em>_<em>g</em><em>/ε</em>_<em>r</em> &gt; 1 and increased with NH₃ concentration, whereas for char combustion, <em>ε</em>_<em>g</em><em>/ε</em>_<em>r</em> &lt; 1 and decreased with NH₃ concentration. Building upon these quantitative findings, the developed and validated spectrally-guided RGB pyrometry methodology successfully corrects the substantial temperature overestimation inherent in the gray-body assumption, an error particularly pronounced at higher NH₃ concentrations. This work yields both fundamental quantitative data on ammonia's impact on biomass non-gray radiation and a robust spectrally-guided diagnostic method, providing essential data and techniques for enabling accurate modeling, optimization, and control of biomass-ammonia co-firing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 108300"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaching behavior of germanium from germanium-rich lignite: A further comprehension of its occurrence state","authors":"Zhiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanyan Xu ,&nbsp;Guixia Fan ,&nbsp;Yingrui Jin ,&nbsp;Daoguang Teng ,&nbsp;Guosheng Li ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Yijun Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Germanium, a critical metal used in many strategy fields, is widely acknowledged as organic affinity. Germanium is main occurred in the humus of lignite, but its exact occurrence state remains unclear. In this work, various methods were employed to leach germanium from lignite to reveal the germanium occurrence state. Germanium tends to accumulate in specific germanium-endowed structures, but most germanium is bound to and encapsulated in enwrapping structures such as humic acid. It could be extracted either by co-extraction with humic acid (<em>e.g.</em> ammonoxidation, alkaline leaching) or by dissociating the germanium-endowed structure (<em>e.g.</em> thionyl chloride leaching, acid demineralization, and hydrochloric acid leaching). In germanium-rich lignite, germanium was directly connected to oxygen and chelated by the phenolic hydroxyl in the ortho- in the form of a five-membered ring. Furthermore, germanium existed in the germanium-endowed structure in the form of a six-coordinated, deformed octahedron, externally encapsulated by interfering substances. Therefore, this study provides a theoretical basis for targeted extraction of germanium from germanium-rich lignite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 108298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-hollow dielectric barrier discharge plasma: An energy-efficient strategy towards mild ammonia synthesis","authors":"Shanzhi Liu ,&nbsp;Jiabao Lv ,&nbsp;Zhikai Lang ,&nbsp;Xingqi Li ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Li ,&nbsp;Yaqi Peng ,&nbsp;Yunchao Li ,&nbsp;Dingkun Yuan ,&nbsp;Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Angjian Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable-driven non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology provides a potentially sustainable alternative for ammonia (NH₃) production. Nonetheless, energy efficiency remains a critical bottleneck in NTP reactors. Herein, we propose a multi-hollow dielectric barrier discharge (MDBD) plasma reactor to realize nitrogen hydrogenation towards ambient NH₃ synthesis, with the physicochemical characteristics systematically explored for the first time. Transient discharge dynamics were captured by electrical characterization, meanwhile the active intermediate species and the low-temperature properties of MDBD were unveiled by optical spectrum diagnosis. Effects of feed gas, flow rate and specific energy input (SEI) on reaction activity were investigated in terms of energy efficiency (EE) and energy consumption (EC). Notably, remarkable reaction efficacy was realized under low driving powers. For a fully-developed 'steady' discharge, an EE of 1.32 g/kWh and an EC of 46.44 MJ/mol could be attained at 3.20 W. Under a pulse-like fluctuating 'flicker' mode at merely 1.15 W, the EE and EC were improved to 1.78 g/kWh and 34.35 MJ/mol, respectively, further highlighting the energy-effectiveness of MDBD. This work provides a novel approach for energy-efficient, environmental-friendly and distributed NH₃ production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 108292"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of diesel fuel production from bio-oils hydrodeoxygenation using unsupported MoS2 catalysts","authors":"Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jacques Monnier ,&nbsp;Philip Bulsink ,&nbsp;Moataz Abdrabou ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Xin Pang ,&nbsp;Nafiseh Zaker ,&nbsp;Rafal Gieleciak","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diesel production from lignocellulosic biomass-derived fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) and catalytic pyrolysis bio-oil (CPBO) was investigated with an upgrading approach using unsupported MoS₂ catalysts generated in situ. Hydrodeoxygenation of FPBO and CPBO was evaluated in a continuous-flow reactor system using feed blends containing 18 wt% bio-oil in fuel oil. For FPBO, 92.9 % deoxygenation was achieved with 0.51 wt% O in oil products, resulting in low acidity (0.32 mg KOH/g), while 74.8 % deoxygenation was obtained for CPBO with 1.24 wt% O and 0.48 mg KOH/g acidity in oil products. The lower deoxygenation of CPBO suggests that oxygenates in CPBO are less reactive than those in FPBO. In both cases, low solid yields were observed from 1.2 to 2.0 g/100 g bio-oil. XRD and HRTEM detected few-layer stacked structure for the in-situ formed MoS₂ catalysts. The oil product from CPBO retained more biogenic carbon than from FPBO, with the diesel fraction from CPBO exhibiting a higher biogenic carbon content and yield. Both diesel cuts meet almost all ASTM D975 specifications, except for S content, resulting from the high S/Mo feed ratio used in the tests. Evaluation results demonstrated great potential for producing specifications-conforming diesel fractions from FPBO and CPBO upgrading using unsupported MoS₂ catalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 108290"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attrition behavior analysis of four oxygen carriers in the in-situ redox jet attrition reactor","authors":"Xianyu Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Wu ,&nbsp;Daofeng Mei ,&nbsp;Jinchen Ma ,&nbsp;Haibo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anti-attrition properties of oxygen carriers (OCs) significantly impact the operation cost in chemical looping processes. A custom jet attrition reactor evaluates the attrition resistance of four OCs: ilmenite (Ilm-NO), Cu<img>Fe bi-ore OC via hydroforming (CuFe-Hy), and two perovskites via spray drying and hydroforming (Per-SD and Per-Hy), through cold, hot, and redox attrition tests. The anti-attrition performance order across all tests is Ilm-NO &gt; Per-Hy &gt; CuFe-Hy &gt; Per-SD. Post-testing characterizations are conducted, including particle size distributions of consumed particles and captured powders, structure properties, and compositional evolution. Oxygen carrier lifetimes are quantified based on the particle size distributions. Multiple stresses affecting oxygen carrier attrition exhibit antagonistic interactions rather than linear superposition. Element migration, particle expansion, and strength evolution of the tested oxygen carriers are observed. Particle density and crushing strength are highly related to the anti-attrition properties of oxygen carriers. This study develops an efficient method for evaluating OCs under the in-situ redox condition with a high-velocity jet, offering guidance for designing OCs with high attrition resistance and advancing the study of attrition mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 108299"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of full-scale pore structure characteristics of long-flame coal and influencing factors","authors":"Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuguang Yang ,&nbsp;Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China has vast long-flame coal reserves containing abundant coalbed methane (CBM) resources. Understanding the evolution of full-scale pore structure characteristics of this coal and their influencing factors are vital for the CBM development. However, researches on these topics are limited. Herein, 17 long-flame core coals were collected from southern Junggar Basin to accurately characterize the specific surface area (SSA), total pore volume (<em>V</em>_<em>t</em>), and full-scale pore size distribution (FPSD) using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) along with N₂/CO₂ adsorption experiments. Results demonstrate that the FPSD generally exhibits a bimodal characteristic, with abundance of micropores and macropores but scarcity of mesopores, which hinders the efficient transport of CBM. The full-scale pore structure characteristics are closely linked to coal's thermal evolution. As <em>R</em>_{<em>o,</em> max} rises, <em>V</em>_<em>t</em>, mesopore volumes (<em>V</em>_<em>me</em>), and macropore volumes (<em>V</em>_<em>ma</em>) initially decrease to a minimum at a <em>R</em>_{<em>o,</em> max} of ∼0.55 % and then increase. Conversely, micropore volumes (<em>V</em>_<em>mi</em>) exhibit an inverted U-type correlation with <em>R</em>_{<em>o,</em> max}, peaking almost at the same <em>R</em>_{<em>o, max</em>}. Ash yield negatively affects pore volumes and SSAs, particularly for macropores. Inertinite-rich long-flame coals, particularly those with higher semifusinite and fusinite contents, develop more micropores and mesopores, whereas increasing vitrinite content is negatively correlated with their development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 108295"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Influence of fuel formulation on exhaust emissions from gasoline direct injection vehicle ” [Fuel Processing Technology, 272 (2025), 108215]","authors":"Tawfiq Al Wasif-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Paloma Álvarez-Mateos ,&nbsp;José Alberto Sánchez-Martín ,&nbsp;María Guirado ,&nbsp;Carmen Cecilia Barrios-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 108291"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}