Journal of Culture, Society and Development最新文献

{"title":"The Politics of Ethnic Nationalism in the Ethiopian Statehood: Its Challenges and Prospects","authors":"G. Mekonnen","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/54-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/54-01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the dynamics of contending and ultra-ethnic based nationalism movement in Ethiopia which has recently created a rift in the country, a divergence that could have far-reaching implications to the insecurity of the Ethiopian statehood. Through the use of a qualitative desk research approach, the paper reveals that the primacy of ethnicity and ethnic nationalism in Ethiopia originally emanated from the ideological inputs of Marxism-Leninism ideology, an ideology that dominates the politics of Ethiopia for more than two decades. The paper further argues that ethnic nationalism in the Ethiopia context arguably a recent phenomenon and its provenance primarily associated with the exclusive ideological narratives of the state elites and in some case the state formation process of the country. The paper further argues the guise ‘nation-building’ narratives of the post-1990s have further intensified the saliency of ethnicity in the Ethiopian Political market place. Put differently, the re-structuring of the Ethiopian state along ethnic lines and the constitutional engineering of ‘self-determination’ including secession has further intensified ethno-nationalist movement in the country which has been become the major challenges for the continuation of the Ethiopian statehood. Perhaps, its continuance as a unified state seems lays on the will of these ultranationalist groups. Keywords: Ethnicity, Nationalism, Nation-Building, Political Narratives DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/54-01 Publication date: December 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127848406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Divination Therapy and Modern Counselling (Rational Emotive Therapy) in Combating Fear Among Tiv Undergraduate Students in Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"B. Kohol, G. Akuto","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/53-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/53-05","url":null,"abstract":"In Nigeria and amongst the Tiv people in particular before the advent of modern counseling the people had their traditional ways of seeking for help and solving their problems. This study is an attempt to integrate Divination counseling therapy into modern counseling (Rational Emotive Therapy) among Tiv undergraduate students in Benue State. The study adopted a survey research design. The population for the study comprises all Tiv undergraduate students in universities in Benue State. A sample of 80 undergraduate students was randomly selected for the study. Instruments for data collection were Interview Guide and a structured Questionnaire titled “Integration of Divination Therapy and Rational Emotive Therapy in Combative Fear Questionnaire (IDTRETCFQ) which were validated by experts. Data collected for the study was analyzed using Frequency Counts, Percentages, Mean and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that divination therapies (Or-shor) are available and used among the Tiv undergraduate students and has been effective in combating their fears (Myamchiem). The finding also revealed that modern counselling (Rational Emotive Therapy) is available and used in the universities and has been effective in combating fears among the undergraduate students. Based on the finding, the study concluded that school counsellors who attend to students with cultural issues must learn to integrate their customs and beliefs in resolving their personal-cultural problems Keywords: Divination Therapy, Rational Emotive Therapy and Fear DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/53-05 Publication date: November 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117274513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Traditional Conflict Resolution of Three Selected Ethiopian peoples","authors":"Ibsa Aliyi Usmane","doi":"10.7176/iags/77-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/iags/77-01","url":null,"abstract":"This article review assessed three Ethiopian ethnic groups traditional conflict resolution that saves life of communities and resources. Among the ethnic groups the Oromo traditional conflict resolution is called Gada system which includes nine members in addition to women conflict resolution known as Ateete/Siiqqee and Araara(reconciliation)  that every clans have their own elders who participate in any conflicts raised in communities. The other ethnic groups those solve their conflict in traditional way are Afar people that they resolve conflict in two methods that were intra-and inter clan dispute system by makaban a person who the conflict issues present to him. And also Kambata are people one of the ethnic groups this paper reviewed their conflict resolution were Reeda which elders take part in issue, and Gudagabmela includes curse if the disputants parts refuse to take their decision. Keywords: Gada System, Makaban, Reeda, Guda gambela DOI : 10.7176/IAGS/77-01 Publication date: November 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124176152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Effects of Institutional Credit on Small Holder Farmer’s Productivity: The Case of Tembaro Woreda","authors":"Nega Mathewos","doi":"10.7176/jesd/10-21-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jesd/10-21-04","url":null,"abstract":"The Ethiopian agriculture is characterized by its very low productivity with grain yields. The establishment and expansion of financial service is also one of the instruments to break the vicious circle of poverty-Government of less developed countries has fragmentally practiced the policy of providing cheap credit sector through financial intermediaries. This cheap credit, it was hoped, would lower the dependence on the rural/money lenders.  Sufficient credit provision is a serious problem to implant technological advancements and achieve technical efficiency, moreover the establishment and expansion of financial service is also one of the instruments to break the vicious circle of poverty. The objective of this paper was to assess the effects of institutional credit on smallholder farmer’s productivity. A total of 120 respondents were used to attain the objective of the study and OLS method was used to analyse the econometric data Results show that age, agricultural credit, education, wealth status and land has significant positive impact on crop productivity. The finding of this research indicates that The productivity of those peoples who were using credit shows a positive change. Various variables were expected to affect small householders’ productivity. The variables were age, land, marital status, wealth status, access to credit and educational status. Among the factors the OLS result reveals that all the factors such as age, land, marital status, wealth status, access to credit and educational status were some of the factors which have a positive effect on the small house holder’s productivity. The study recommended that Since access to credit has a positive relation with the productivity of small household, the concerned bodies should facilitate credit access to peoples in the area. Education is a base for all things. As the peoples educated more the production and productivity of crops will increase. Therefore, the woreda`s administrator and other concerned bodies should focus and give attention to increase the quality of education in the area. DOI : 10.7176/DCS/9-11-05 Publication date: November 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128293409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archiving Indigenous Knowledge on Pottery Making Among Macca Oromo: West Shoa Zone in Focus","authors":"Samuel Leykun","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/52-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/52-04","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous knowledge is a wisdom born in the community by the community. These knowledge and wisdom play a remarkable role in socio economic development of a certain country. Pottery making is an indigenous knowledge in which made by forming a clay body  into objects of a required shape and heating them to high temperatures in a kiln  which removes all the water from the clay , which induces reactions that lead to permanent changes including increasing their strength and hardening and setting their shape. There may be occasions when potteries no longer have any use due to plastic and related object replacement among the many possible reasons, at least in everyday’s use. This may result in the extinction (distinction) of the pottery. Furthermore some indigenous knowledge dies away with some potteries in the community. Therefore, this research will be a good beginning for the pottery making as economic empowerment among Macca Oromo, Ethiopia. The study area, west Shoa Zone; Tokkee Kuttayee, Iluu Galaan and Bakkoo Tibbee districts. For difficult to cover the whole Zone, the researchers were selected two villages from each district as study site in the region. Basically this research was created a baseline for researchers those interested on Oromo indigenous knowledge in general and Macca Oromo pottery making in particular. To mention some of the specific objectives: To revitalize the wisdom of pottery making among Macca Oromo, to indicate the role of IK for economic empowerment, and to indicate how artisan transfer their knowledge for the next generation. The major data collection instrument was questionnaire, focus group discussion, observation and interview. For such quanqualitative research, Systematic observation was assisted the researchers to master the scenario. To mention some of the findings, being asked whether they prefer pottery than modern iron products. 50 (24.9%) informants strongly agree, 71(35.3%) informants responded that agree and the rest 79 (39.3%) informants strongly disagree. There is statistical relationship between  prefer pottery than modern iron products and use of equipments made from pottery at home (p-0.04). In addition, whether potteries are accessable from the market. Accordingly, 121 (60.2%) informants are strongly agree that potteires are easily accessable from market and the rest 79 (39.3%) responded strongly disagree that pottery products are not accessable from the market. As the table reveals, there is statistical relationship between accessibilities pottery and  use of equipments made from pottery at home (p-0.03). The study proved that, among to Macca Oromo pottery making has three phases: Preparatory phase, Actual phase and Post phase.  Pottery making is the indigenous knowledge practiced for a longer period of time among Macca Oromo. Keywords: pottery, archive, and indigenous knowledge DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/52-04 Publication date :October 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129822710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighbourhood Policing and Social Cleansing of Crime in Oke-Ogun Area of Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Ige James Olateju, O. AdigunFolasade, A. Olajoke","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/51-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/51-06","url":null,"abstract":"The paper assessed neighbourhood policing and social cleansing of crime in Oke-Ogun area of Oyo State with a view to examining spatial variation in response to crime in the area. Both primary and secondary data were employed. The total households of urban and rural settlements as identified in Oke-Ogun area of Oyo State were 44,421 and 175,568 respectively The sample frame constituted all households in the study area, and five out of 1000 of all the 219,989 total households which approximately amount to 1100 households constituted the sample size, Random sampling was employed in hierarchical selection of 5 0 / 00 of the total households in each settlement type, and a total number of 1100 copies of questionnaires were randomly administered  Descriptive statistics such as percentage and Chi-Square were used to present summary of findings. Findings revealed that higher order security consciousness was displayed in urban area with an insubstantial proportion of households surveyed (13.2%) having no organisation responsible for security in their neighbourhood compared with 22.4% in the rural settlements. At aggregation level, 52% of all respondents in Oke-Ogun agreed with the adequacy of policing out of which 13.6% said that the policing was very adequate and 38.4% said that it was adequate while 48% of all respondents were at variance with the adequacy of policing. The households (49.0%) in the rural areas were cynical about adequacy of policing, while out of 49.0%, 28.9% said that policing was inadequate and 20.1% said that policing was very inadequate. The chi-square performed across settlement types at (P<0.05) indicates that the difference in adequacy of policing was significant.  The implication of this is that there is a significant difference between perception of adequacy of policing by households and the settlement types in Oke-Ogun. Households also held view that Police in Oke-Ogun did not give a prompt response expected in situations of distress call. Response to unwillingness to give prompt response to distress call by Police was on top gear in rural settlements. About 39% of all respondents in rural areas said that Police gave prompt response needed to distress call compared to 41.7% in urban areas of Oke-Ogun. For social cleansing job provision for the unemployed was ranked first by the residents among alternatives for keeping neighbourhood safe, followed by imposition of fine on offender.  Jailing of offender was ranked third and equip vigilant groups was ranked fourth Improved infrastructure was ranked fifth among several options. The chi-square analysis performed (P<0.05) indicated that the difference in households’ preference for means of keeping neighbourhood safe across settlement type was significant. The study concluded that response to crime in the area varied spatially. Keywords: Crime, Neighbourhood, Policing, Social cleansing DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/51-06 Publication date :September 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117007145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Country Analysis of Child Marriage Laws and Policy Instruments in Africa","authors":"Un Women","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/51-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/51-07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is informed by the findings and recommendations of the UN Women East and Southern Africa led Multi-Country Analytical Study of Legislation, Policies, Interventions and Cultural Practices on Child Marriage in Africa which undertaken in 2018. The study focused on Africa as a continent but synchronised into 10 study countries (Niger, Mali, Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, DRC and Morocco). It is undoubtable that child marriage is not only a regional challenge but also a global nightmare that every treaty, convention, protocol or agreement condemn. Succinctly, the Convention on the Elimination on All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, and the International Conference on Population and Development of 1994 are among the leading policy instruments that advance the human rights of children and thus are critical for ending child marriage. In this analysis, the paper underscores the critical role that such legal and policy frameworks perform in transforming toxic norms across the continent and beyond to deliver the human rights of women and girls with a particular focus on country legal frameworks and policies.  In a snapshot, the paper focuses on relevant laws and regulations reported in the study including those that set the minimum age for marriage at 18 years for both/either girls and boys; requirements for birth and marriage registration; sexual violence and domestic violence laws; anti-corruption laws; and family status laws regulating marriage, divorce, custody, and inheritance. Keywords: Child marriage, Child bride, age of marriage, prevalence, CEDAW, survivors, Bejing Platform for Action, UN Women, policy instruments, women and girls, constitution, customary laws, children, laws, religion, society, family code, criminal code, penal code, legal system, Africa, Niger, Mali, Nigeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, DRC and Morocco. DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/51-07 Publication date :September 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124202770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade Openness and Women Participation in the Labor Market: Evidence from South Asia","authors":"Liton Chandra Voumik","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/50-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/50-02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to investigate the impact of trade openness on women labor force participation in South Asian countries. The paper also controls GDP per capita, women literacy rate, urban population, unemployment rate, male labor force participation and other attributes. I will check the robustness of a variety of different approaches in dealing with the various models to trade openness. The paper also examines both push and pull factors induced or not women to join the labor force. Thus, a country that is exporting female labor stuff is actually recruiting more female labor and expand employment of female labors. The focus of this paper lies on the effects of trade openness on women’s participation in the labor market. Keywords : female labor force participation, trade openness, South Asia, international trade DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/50-02 Publication date :July 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130574381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emergent Igala Home Movie (Igawood)","authors":"O. P. Egwemi","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/50-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/50-04","url":null,"abstract":"The Igala home movie sub–industry popularly called Igawood , is today the most vibrant emerging entertainment industry in Igalaland and its audiences beyond. It has become a phenomenon projecting the Igala culture and language among the Igala within and in the diaspora. Aduku Armstrong Idachaba produced the first commercial Igala movie, Amoboni , in 1994. This opened the floodgates for experiments in these new commercial ventures for especially, the youths. This paper seeks to document the basic issues that will in the future serve as reference points. While the sub–industry is growing, this paper has documented a number of facts on its origin, Qualitative research method was adopted for this paper. Among other factors, findings show that oral tradition influences the thematic preoccupations of Igawood. It was also found that the Igala home movie ( Igawood) needs institutional support especially in the area of training to improve its production quality. DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/50-04 Publication date :July 31 st 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123458612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dansinkran Hairstyle Fashion and Its Socio-Cultural Significance in Akan Traditional Ruling","authors":"Kennedy Asenso","doi":"10.7176/jcsd/49-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jcsd/49-05","url":null,"abstract":"The value of hair to women seems to be succinctly expressed in the words of Martin Luther that ‘hair is the richest ornament of women’. For many women of African descent, hair is emotive, symbolic and an inseparable part of our identity. The objective of the study was to examine socio-cultural significance of Dansinkran in Akan traditional ruling. For this study, the researcher used personal interviews with some Akan Queen mothers on their Dansinkran hair styles and utilized qualitative research methods, with heavy emphasis on literature review. The researcher employed a case study design in the research. The study unravelled that; Dansinkran hair style enhances thinking capacity of the Akan Queen mothers as they used charcoal, it detoxify every chemical in the hair and allow the brain to function with its full capacity. The researcher recommends that in writing of our country history as a means to preserve and conserve it, the inclusion of history of hairdressing would make it richer and also add to the existing repository of knowledge. Keywords: Dansinkran, Culture, Hairstyles,  Identity, Symbolic. DOI : 10.7176/JCSD/49-05 Publication date :June 30 th 2019","PeriodicalId":326484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Culture, Society and Development","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124498323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}