Open Information Science最新文献_第8页

From Print to Digital, from Document to Data: Digitalisation at the Publications Office of the European Union 从印刷到数字，从文件到数据：欧盟出版办公室的数字化

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0015

Valérie Schafer

{"title":"From Print to Digital, from Document to Data: Digitalisation at the Publications Office of the European Union","authors":"Valérie Schafer","doi":"10.1515/opis-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the 1970s, the Publications Office of the European Union, the official publisher of all the institutions and bodies of the EU, has had to adapt to a fast-changing situation as the number of EU Member States has grown and the number and nature of publications has evolved (including publishing public tenders of EU institutions and Member States in 1978 through a supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union and handling CELEX, an interinstitutional and multilingual automated documentation system for community law, in 1992). These changes occurred over several ages of computing. The computerisation of the Publications Office was primarily a response to the need for rationalisation and productivity, but the aim was also to gradually adapt to new types of document publication and consultation. These different stages of digitalisation required the constant transfer of information to a multitude of media. Supports, such as punched cards, optical discs and CD-ROMs, had varying life expectancies and are all evidence of attempts to digitise information before the Web. This evolution not only illustrates the need to constantly harmonise a large amount of information, it also highlights some continuities. It affects the management of information systems but also meets regularly updated standardisation, interoperability and sustainability needs within a complex ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"203 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2020-0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47490643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

An Exploratory Study of Research Data Governance in the U.S. 美国科研数据治理的探索性研究

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0010

Inna Kouper, Anjanette Raymond, S. Giroux

{"title":"An Exploratory Study of Research Data Governance in the U.S.","authors":"Inna Kouper, Anjanette Raymond, S. Giroux","doi":"10.1515/opis-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Making decisions regarding data and the overall credibility of research constitutes research data governance. In this paper, we present results of an exploratory study of the stakeholders of research data governance. The study was conducted among individuals who work in academic and research institutions in the US, with the goal of understanding what entities are perceived as making decisions regarding data and who researchers believe should be responsible for governing research data. Our results show that there is considerable diversity and complexity across stakeholders, both in terms of who they are and their ideas about data governance. To account for this diversity, we propose to frame research data governance in the context of polycentric governance of a knowledge commons. We argue that approaching research data from the commons perspective will allow for a governance framework that can balance the goals of science and society, allow us to shift the discussion toward protection from enclosure and knowledge resilience, and help to ensure that multiple voices are included in all levels of decision-making.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"122 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2020-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42395824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Disrupting Carceral Narratives: Race, Rape, and the Archives 《颠覆叙事:种族、强奸和档案》

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0012

Tonia Sutherland

引用次数: 0

From “Cuines del Món” Gastronomic BiblioLab to “Cuinem Santa Coloma”: Cooking cultures and social cohesion at Fondo Public Library (Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Barcelona) 从“cuisine del Món”美食图书馆到“Cuinem Santa Coloma”:Fondo公共图书馆的烹饪文化和社会凝聚力(巴塞罗那Santa Coloma de Gramenet)

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2019-04-29 DOI: 10.1515/OPIS-2019-0007

M. Domingo

引用次数: 0

Bridging Connectionism and Relational Cognition through Bi-directional Affective-Associative Processing 通过双向情感联想加工桥接联结主义与关系认知

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2019-0017

Robert J. Lowe, A. Almer, C. Balkenius

{"title":"Bridging Connectionism and Relational Cognition through Bi-directional Affective-Associative Processing","authors":"Robert J. Lowe, A. Almer, C. Balkenius","doi":"10.1515/opis-2019-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2019-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Connectionist architectures constitute a popular method for modelling animal associative learning processes in order to glean insights into the formation of cognitive capacities. Such approaches (based on purely feedforward activity) are considered limited in their ability to capture relational cognitive capacities. Pavlovian learning value-based models, being not based purely on fully connected feedforward structure, have demonstrated learning capabilities that often mimic those of ‘higher’ relational cognition. Capturing data using such models often reveals how associative mechanisms can exploit structure in the experimental setting, so that ‘explicit’ relational cognitive capacities are not, in fact, required. On the other hand, models of relational cognition, implemented as neural networks, permit formation and retrieval of relational representations of varying levels of complexity. The flexible processing capacities of such models are, however, are subject to constraints as to how offline relational versus online (real-time, real-world) processing may be mediated. In the current article, we review the potential for building a connectionist-relational cognitive architecture with reference to the representational rank view of cognitive capacity put forward by Halford et al. Through interfacing system 1-like (connectionist/associative learning) and system 2-like (relational-cognition) computations through a bidirectional affective processing approach, continuity between Halford et al’s cognitive systems may be operationalized according to real world/online constraints. By addressing i) and ii) in this manner, this paper puts forward a testable unifying framework for system 1-like and system 2-like cognition.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"235 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2019-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48012785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Female Gaze? Postmodernism and the Search for Women in the Digitized Photographic Collections of Swedish Memory Institutions 女性凝视?后现代主义与瑞典记忆机构数字化摄影收藏中的女性搜寻

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2019-0005

R. Pierce

{"title":"The Female Gaze? Postmodernism and the Search for Women in the Digitized Photographic Collections of Swedish Memory Institutions","authors":"R. Pierce","doi":"10.1515/opis-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Both the photograph and digitization are often defined as democratizing forces. But neither exists outside the system of power dynamics that structure art, history, and cultural heritage. This article uses postmodernist theorization of knowledge hierarchies in the archive developed by archival scholars Terry Cook and Joan Schwartz to examine the gendered nature of metadata and data connected to digitized photographic material available on the platforms of the three major Swedish memory institutions: the Royal Library, the Nordic Museum, and the National Archives. Given that digitized photographs require the addition of machine-readable data and metadata to be findable, this information demonstrates the extent to which digitization staffs have consciously thought about the visibility of gender in their online collections. The research questions of this article are thus twofold: (1) to what extend have Swedish memory institutions embraced a postmodern approach to the archive in their photography digitization projects, and (2) has this approach resulted in the greater visibility of women-oriented material? The findings indicate that Swedish institutions have adopted postmodernist thinking about archival flexibility to varying degrees, but none have thought thoroughly about increasing the visibility of woman-oriented material.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"61 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2019-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47200986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Self and Others: Revisiting Information Needs and Libraries as Public, Social Institutions in a Post-truth World 自我与他人:重新审视信息需求与图书馆在后真相世界中的公共社会机构

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2019-0018

T. Oliphant

引用次数: 2

The Effect of Elaborative Interrogation on the Synthesis of Ideas from Multiple Sources of Information 精细化讯问对多信息来源思想综合的影响

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2019-0006

O. Farooq

{"title":"The Effect of Elaborative Interrogation on the Synthesis of Ideas from Multiple Sources of Information","authors":"O. Farooq","doi":"10.1515/opis-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The new Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education (ACRL, 2016) highlights the ability to synthesize ideas from multiple sources of information as one of the key knowledge practices. There is little generalizable empirical research based on cognitive science principles to guide information literacy instruction practice. The present study examined the effectiveness of elaborative interrogation instructional strategy on integration and transformation of ideas from multiple sources of information. 86 participants took part in the study via Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. The experiment involved reading five texts on the topic of climate change and responding to embedded elaborative interrogation prompts (treatment groups only), and writing a synthesis paragraph on the topic. Two one-way ANCOVAs were employed to test the hypotheses which indicated that elaborative interrogation prompts did not significantly improve performance on transformation and integration measures. This study contributes to the growing body of literature addressing information literacy instruction based on the new Framework and provides a promising long-term cross-disciplinary research partnership in terms of linking evidencebased guidance for instruction based on cognitive science principles to information literacy knowledge practices in the new Framework.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"76 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2019-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42586465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Discovering fake news embedded in the opposing hashtag activism networks on Twitter: #Gunreformnow vs. #NRA 在推特上发现嵌入对立标签激进主义网络的假新闻：#Gunreformnow与#NRA

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2019-0010

Miyoung Chong

{"title":"Discovering fake news embedded in the opposing hashtag activism networks on Twitter: #Gunreformnow vs. #NRA","authors":"Miyoung Chong","doi":"10.1515/opis-2019-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2019-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After Russia’s malicious attempts to influence the 2016 presidential election were revealed, “fake news” gained notoriety and became a popular term in political discourses and related research areas. Empirical research about fake news in diverse settings is in the beginning phase while research has revealed limitedly that “what we know about fake news so far is predominantly based on anecdotal evidence.” The purpose of this study is to investigate fake news included in politically opposing hashtag activism, #Gunreformnow and #NRA (The National Rifle Association). This study attempted to lay out the process of identifying fake news in the hashtag activism network on Twitter as a two-step process: 1) hashtag frequency analysis, top word-pair analysis, and social network analysis and 2) qualitative content analysis. This study discovered several frames through a qualitative approach. One of the prominent fake news frames was intentionally misleading information that attacks the opposing political party and its advocators. The disinformation tweets overall presented far-right wing ideologies and included multiple hashtags and a YouTube video to promote and distribute their agendas while calling for coalition of far-right wing supporters. However, the fake news tweets often failed to provide a reliable source to back up credibility of the content.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"137 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2019-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Engaging a Data Revolution: Open Science Data Hubs and the New Role for Universities in Africa 参与数据革命:开放科学数据中心和非洲大学的新角色

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2019-0008

Christine Mwongeli Mutuku

引用次数: 1