Open Information Science最新文献_第7页

Representation of Black History in Archives: A Collection-Centered Quantitative Analysis of the Billups-Garth Archive 黑人历史在档案中的表现——以收藏为中心的比卢普斯-加思档案的定量分析

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0014

Carrie P. Mastley

引用次数: 2

A Preliminary Study Interrogating the Cataloging and Classification Schemes of a K-12 Book Discovery Platform through a Critical Race Theory Lens 基于临界种族理论的K-12图书发现平台编目与分类方案初探

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0009

Kafi D. Kumasi, Cynthia Jimes, A. Godwin, Lisa Petrides, A. Karaglani

{"title":"A Preliminary Study Interrogating the Cataloging and Classification Schemes of a K-12 Book Discovery Platform through a Critical Race Theory Lens","authors":"Kafi D. Kumasi, Cynthia Jimes, A. Godwin, Lisa Petrides, A. Karaglani","doi":"10.1515/opis-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents the results of a preliminary study to examine the cataloging and classification schemes and ideological factors that play out in book discovery platforms for children’s and young adult books. Using Critical Race Theory and a Rapid Contextual Design approach to exploring the curatorial behaviors of school librarians when searching for diverse books, the study offers design ideas for retooling discovery platforms in ways that bridge the cultural disconnect that young adults from historically marginalized racial backgrounds experience in their libraries. The article concludes that in order for school librarians to find, recommend and teach about books that reflect race, equity and inclusion themes, they need more sophisticated and user-centered features that reflect critical race and multicultural analytic frameworks. This includes the need for a common vocabulary around issues of race, equity and inclusion that can simultaneously cut through the ambiguity of social tagging and yet subvert the status quo of entrenched liberalism and/or racially biased ideologies embedded in traditional classification schemes and hierarchies, such as those used in Library of Congress subject headings. The findings further suggest that school librarians would benefit from enhanced education and training in the intersections of cataloging, classification and critical race scholarship.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"106 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2020-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43029384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Intellectual Freedom and Social Justice: Tensions Between Core Values in American Librarianship 知识自由与社会正义：美国图书馆事业核心价值观的张力

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0001

Emily J. M. Knox

引用次数: 5

An analysis of American public libraries’ policies on patron use of Internet pornography 美国公共图书馆关于读者使用网络色情的政策分析

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0005

Hanna Edlund

{"title":"An analysis of American public libraries’ policies on patron use of Internet pornography","authors":"Hanna Edlund","doi":"10.1515/opis-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drawing on and expanding previous graduate course research, this paper investigated and analyzed public libraries’ policies regarding patron use of legal, visual Internet pornography on public computers. Pornographic imagery that falls within legal boundaries is protected by the First Amendment. Incidents of, and library responses to, pornography viewing are not a new issue and have caused turmoil across the field of library and information science. In an attempt to understand the problem, the research question asks: how do public libraries respond to patrons viewing legal Internet pornography, while upholding First Amendment rights as well as the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) and other legal requirements? Libraries tread a fine line to protect First Amendment rights, respect community laws, and uphold CIPA. Research indicated that responding to Internet pornography use in public libraries is heavily dependent on individual, community and library values. Policies are more likely to prohibit patrons from accessing Internet pornography, and most libraries have at least some Internet filtering software restricting what content may be accessed on public use computers. However, evidence also suggests that regardless of policy or filters, library staff will at some point encounter a patron accessing Internet pornography.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"58 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2020-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47429732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Systemic Oppression and the Contested Ground of Information Access for Incarcerated People 系统性压迫和囚犯获取信息的竞争基础

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0013

Jeanie Austin, Melissa Charenko, Michelle M. Dillon, Jodi Lincoln

{"title":"Systemic Oppression and the Contested Ground of Information Access for Incarcerated People","authors":"Jeanie Austin, Melissa Charenko, Michelle M. Dillon, Jodi Lincoln","doi":"10.1515/opis-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Library and information science (LIS), as a whole, has not prioritized the information access of people inside of jails and prisons as a central tenet of library practice At the moment, there is growing attention given to states’ attempts to curtail book access for people inside of jails and prisons. Groups that provide free books to incarcerated people -- such as the numerous Books to Prisoners programs across the United States -- have been central to the discussions around access to information and resistance to censorship. These groups have drawn particular attention to the ways that Black, Indigenous, and people of color, as well as LGBTQ people, in prison experience ongoing oppression during incarceration because of limited access to materials relevant to their experiences. By identifying the types of information that are banned or limited, the difficulties people who are incarcerated face in seeking to access information, and the impact that access to information has in the lives of people who are incarcerated, this article explains prison censorship as a form of state-sponsored oppression, which is largely being combated by Books to Prisoners rather than LIS. The article ends by explaining LIS’ lack of attention to information access for people who are incarcerated.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"169 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2020-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42211447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why intellectual freedom? Or; Your values are historically contingent 为什么是知识自由？或你的价值观在历史上是偶然的

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0002

Caitlin Ratcliffe

{"title":"Why intellectual freedom? Or; Your values are historically contingent","authors":"Caitlin Ratcliffe","doi":"10.1515/opis-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intellectual freedom is a cornerstone value of library and information studies (LIS) in the twenty-first century. However, LIS institutions have not always held intellectual freedom with the significance it has today. Historic analysis situates the development of intellectual freedom in the context of the European Enlightenment. This systematized review analyzes the use of the phrase “intellectual freedom” in primary sources from the mid-eighteenth century until the American Library Association (ALA) published the Library’s Bill of Rights in 1939 in order to examine the historic origins and development of intellectual freedom as a shared cultural value prior to 1939. I consider the development of intellectual freedom from two perspectives: as a shared value that developed in Britain and the United States during the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries and as a meaningful phrase found in primary sources regarding religion, politics, and education. By contextualizing the origins of intellectual freedom with Enlightenment values and discourse, it is hoped this study will illustrate the fundamental nature of intellectual freedom as a value within LIS philosophy and contribute to the conversation about intellectual freedom as a continually negotiated concept that must be held in balance with social responsibility.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"11 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2020-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47191567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Information management in the Intelligence Branch of Britain’s War Office, 1873-1914: ‘All information flows toward it, or returns to it, in a form worked up into shape’ 1873年至1914年英国陆军部情报部门的信息管理:“所有的信息都以一种形式流向它，或返回它。”

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0008

A. Black

引用次数: 1

Is Access Enough? Interrogating the Influence of Money and Power in Shaping Information 访问权限足够吗？质疑金钱与权力对信息塑造的影响

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0003

H. Perry

引用次数: 0

Co-Designing Visualizations for Information Seeking and Knowledge Management 面向信息搜索和知识管理的可视化协同设计

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0102

M. Dörk, Boris Müller, Jan-Erik Stange, Johannes Herseni, Katja Dittrich

{"title":"Co-Designing Visualizations for Information Seeking and Knowledge Management","authors":"M. Dörk, Boris Müller, Jan-Erik Stange, Johannes Herseni, Katja Dittrich","doi":"10.1515/opis-2020-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Creativity is a crucial factor in finding novel and useful visualization and interaction techniques, but its emergence is contingent on the right conditions. The focus of visualization research has traditionally been on techniques, and to a lesser degree on the process of creating them with domain experts and end users. This paper focuses on the collaborative design of visualizations for information seeking and knowledge management. The difficult, yet common challenge in any visualization project is to find meaningful visual representations and useful interaction techniques to carry out complex analysis tasks. The unique difficulty for preparing co-design activities for visualization lies in the gap between the abstract nature of data and the concrete form of visual representations. To bridge this gap, our co-design framework for visualization places particular emphasis on actors, activities, and artifacts as categories that expand the focus of visualization design beyond the traditional triad of users, tasks, and data. Drawing from general co-design principles, the framework is developed and validated during the course of two case studies in the context of information management systems and library collection databases. Based on observed patterns during the case studies, practical tactics provide advice on carrying out co-design in information visualization.","PeriodicalId":32626,"journal":{"name":"Open Information Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"217 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/opis-2020-0102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44581376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Racial Disparities in Breast Cancer and Genomic Uncertainty: A QuantCrit Mini-Review 癌症的种族差异与基因组不确定性：QuantCrit Mini-Review

Open Information Science Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opis-2020-0004

Lynette Hammond Gerido

引用次数: 4