THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS最新文献

{"title":"IN SILICO COMPARATIVE METAGENOMICS ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS’ AFFECTED MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES","authors":"Fazilat Rafique, Hina Zain, Y. Rehman","doi":"10.52700/jmmg.v4i1.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v4i1.110","url":null,"abstract":"Plethora of microorganisms is present on Earth and play crucial role in geochemical cycles. A major proportion of microorganisms is uncultured and therefore culture independent methods are most suited to study the microbial diversity comprehensively. This has led to microbial molecular ecology fields including metagenomics. In this study, metagenomics data of microbial communities of different sites contaminated with different heavy metals such as chromium, arsenic, lead, selenium, copper and cadmium were compared in silico to determine the microorganisms which are common in different samples and the microorganisms that are exclusive to certain samples only. For this purpose, 16S rRNA gene sequences of heavy metal contaminated sites was downloaded from NCBI Short Read Archive (SRA). The sequences were analyzed in Mothur tool through Galaxy server. The sequences were classified using Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) reference dataset and Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were generated. Heatmaps, Venn diagrams, phylogenetic tree, and NMDS plots were generation. Diversity indices such as Shannon, Simpson and Chao, as well as relative abundance was determined. It was found that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Fermicutes, Bacteriodetes, and Bacilli were the most abundant bacteria and were present in all heavy metal contaminated samples. Proteobacteria, and Beta-Proteobacteria, were present in all samples but were most abundant in cadmium affected samples. Xanthomonadales were most abundant in lead contaminated samples. Firmicutes were most abundant in chromium affected samples. Bacteriodetes were present in all arsenic contaminated samples but were not detected in any other samples. Rhizobiales were present in all arsenic and lead contaminated samples. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) test was performed and it was found that the microbial communities of all the samples contaminated with different samples were found to be statistically different (p-value ?0.001). The bacteria which are present in all samples might have resistant against all these heavy metals and thus should be explored further for possible applications of bioremediation.","PeriodicalId":322027,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121078996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DRUG REPURPOSING: IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL DRUG TARGETS AGAINST NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 1 (NSP-1) OF SARS-COV-2 THROUGH MOLECULAR DOCKING AND MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION USING FDA APPROVED DRUGS","authors":"R. Mateen, M. Saqib, M. Hussain, M. I. Fareed, Muhammad Sohail Afzaal, Rukhsana Parveen","doi":"10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.93","url":null,"abstract":"Since its pandemic in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has badly affected the countries around the globe. There is no FDA approved drug for the treatment of the disease. In this study, we evaluated potential targets against non-structural protein-1 (Nsp-1), which is crucial in disturbing host-translational machinery. As the completecrystal structure of the Nsp-1 was not available, we used I-TASSER for making the complete structure of the protein. The structure was verified using ERRATand PROVEAN. As the previous studies had reported different binding sites for this protein, we used blind docking of Nsp-1 with 2225 FDA approved drugsusing AutoDock Vina. Based upon the residue interactions obtained from the blind docking, we selected C-terminal of Nsp-1 for specific docking against FDAapproved drugs. Based upon the docking results, Glycyrrhizin was found to be suitable drug showing strong interactions. We further verified the glycyrrhizin-Nsp-1 complex by analyzing the trajectory for 60 ns, by comparing with individual protein. RMSD analysis during the trajectory and RMSF analysis alsosuggested the stability of the protein-ligand complex and resulted in 49 hydrogen bonds during the simulation process. The study suggests that Glycyrrhizin can act as potential inhibitors against Nsp-1 of SARS-COV-2.","PeriodicalId":322027,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121426403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE OF VIRULENCE GENES IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY","authors":"Sumaira Mazhar, Abdul Rehman Saleem, Abdul Basit Malik, Adnan Yaseen","doi":"10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.68","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative rod shaped and opportunistic bacterium that causes Opportunistic infections with help of potential virulence factors in immunosuppressed patients. Exotoxin A and exoenzyme S, catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose moiety of NAD to plasma proteins in eukaryotic host cells. Exotoxin A has major role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that causes toxicity by inhibition of protein synthesis while Exo S is involved in invasion, colonization and dissemination of infections. The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between virulence genes of Pseudomonas (exotoxin A and exoenzyme S) with antibiotic resistance patterns. This research was done in Microbiology Laboratory of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, during October to December, 2021. Total 11,187 clinical samples were processed at culture and sensitivity bench in this tenure and 100 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated on basis of morphological characters and standard biochemical procedures in microbiology laboratory. Disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) was used for testing   Antibiotic Susceptibility. The toxA and exoS genes were detected in 100 clinical isolates by PCR technique. The correlation was used for finding the association between detected genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In antibiotic susceptibility pattern Gentamicin was most common resistant drug and Polymixin B and Colistin were most effective drugs with 100% sensitivity. Prevalence of toxA+ and exoS+ strains was 95% and 87%, respectively. Correlation was used to find association between genes and drug resistance pattern and there was no significant association P value <0.5. High frequency of toxA+ and exoS+ strains isolated from all type of clinical specimens suggest these genes are also possible cause of resistance of drugs but negative association between them highlights that there are some other factors other than these genes which need to be focused in future studies to come over drug resistivity of Pseudomonas  aeruginosa.  ","PeriodicalId":322027,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133217031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRENDING KILLERS OF PLANTS; AN OVERVIEW OF THE MOST PREVAILING PATHOGENIC FUNGI","authors":"A. Raza, Muhammad Hairs, Aamir Riaz, Rumesha Rafiq, Memoona Basharat, Muqaddas Shaheen, Sumaira Goshi, Sabahat Asghar, Ali Khan, Z. Rehman","doi":"10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.73","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is crucial for all of humanity and will continue to play a significant role in ensuring the continued food security of the world's expanding population. There are several illnesses that may affect plants, especially crop plants, which can result in significant reductions in production. Plants, and especially crop plants, are particularly susceptible to these diseases. The lessons learned from history show that illnesses of this kind not only harmed agricultural output but also had a negative impact on the economy. The majority of the losses may be attributed to fungal infections. Such fungal infections are imposing a continousthreat to the sustainability of plants gobally. These phytopathogens show great persistance in causing plant diseases and quality degradation. Pathogenic fungi employ a variety of techniques to colonies plants and infect them with illness. Necrotrophic fungi destroy their hosts and consume their remains, whereas other fungi invade live cells (biotrophs). Pathogenic growth is strictly controlled, and specific infection components are created, for the full invasion of vegetative organs. Fungal infections use a wide range of virulence determinants to further colonies hosts and spread illness. The roles that virulence variables play vary depending on the infection approach. Necrotrophic pathogens produce poisons that damage plant tissue, although most pathogens obstruct the main plant defense. Contrarily, biotrophs use effector chemicals to prevent plant cell damage and change the metabolism of plants in the pathogen's benefit.","PeriodicalId":322027,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126340442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROLE OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-?ETA (TNF-?) IN GASTRIC CANCER: SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS ANALYSIS-AN IN-SILICO STUDY","authors":"Asif Bilal, Sibtain Ahmad, Fakhr un Nisa, Furqan Ali, Kainat Ramzan, Muhammad Tariq, Mohammad Saleem","doi":"10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.95","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor necrosis factor-beta is also called lymphotoxin-alpha. The objective of this study was to identify non-synonymous SNPs of TNF-beta and their association with gastric cancer using computational analysis. For this purpose, different online tools like SIFT, Polyphen, Polyphen-2, fuNTRp, SNAP2 (to identify pathogenic SNPs), SNP&GO, PhD-SNP, PredictSNP, MAPP, SNAP, MetaSNP, PANTHER (disease associated SNPs), Mu-Pro, I-Mutant, and CONSURF (to check protein stability) were used. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) were detected by Musitedeep, Protein secondary structure by SOPMA, and Protein to protein interaction by STRING. Three SNPs having rsIDs (rs1325992410, rs1290487566, and rs769344065) showing mutations on Y110C, G117E, and G170R, respectively found to be completely deleterious. The PTMs found were phosphorylation at amino acid number 2 and 128; palmitoylation at number 13; pyrrolidone carboxylic acid at number 33 and glycosylation at number 41 and 46. The protein secondary structure consisted of alpha helix (18.54%), extended strand (29.27%), beta turn as 6.83% and random coil (45.37%). Protein-protein interaction analyses revealed that it has strong interaction with Mitogen Activated Protein (MAP) kinase (MAP3K14). Based on these results, it is concluded that these three SNPs found in TNF-B are involved in gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":322027,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122195657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIA FROM DIFFERENT RHIZOSPHERIC SOILS","authors":"Rimsha Yasin, Sunbul Rasheed, M. Cheema, A. Amin","doi":"10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.94","url":null,"abstract":"The production of indole acetic acid (IAA) is a significant property of rhizospheric bacteria to stimulate and promote plant growth. In this investigation, indole acetic acid-producing bacteria from the rhizosphere of five distinct plants (Wheat, Gulchen, Rose, Lady Finger, and Bouginvella) were isolated and characterized. Bacterial strains were isolated and identified by morphological characterization. Out of 30 bacterial isolates, 5 isolates were selected as efficient producers of Indole acetic acid. These selected bacterial isolates were subjected to several biochemical tests for identification at the genus level. After the determination of bacterial genus, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed to check the resistance pattern of each bacterial isolate against antibiotics. Selected bacterial isolates were characterized by using molecular techniques. DNA of five bacterial isolates was extracted by WizPrepTMg DNA mini kit and amplification of 16S rRNA gene was done by PCR. Amplification of PCR product was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. From biochemical tests, Klebsiella spp., E. coli, and Bacillus sp. tested positive. Klebsiella spp. showed 87, 88, 81, 88, 91, 100, 90, and 87% resistance against enrofloxacin, gentamycin, penicillin, ampicillin, chlotetracyclin, tylosine, oxytetracycline, and amoxicillin, respectively. E. coli showed 80, 88, 79, 84, 79, 86, 82, and 89% against enrofloxacin, gentamycin, penicillin, ampicillin, chlotetracyclin, tylosine, oxytetracycline, and amoxicillin respectively whereas 87, 91, 100, 100, 93, 100, 89 and 100% resistance was shown by Bacillus sp. against enrofloxacin, gentamycin, penicillin, ampicillin, chlotetracyclin, tylosine, oxytetracycline, and amoxicillin, respectively. All these selected bacterial isolates were found positive for the 16S rRNA gene and characterized as Klebsiella pneumonia RY6, Klebsiella oxytoca strain RY8, Klebsiella oxytoca RY10, Escherichia coli RY20, and Bacillus tequilensis RY23. It is concluded that the property of synthesizing IAA is considered an effective tool for the isolation and characterization of bacteria that have a role in promoting plant growth.","PeriodicalId":322027,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128582552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY WEIGHT WITH OBESITY AND HYPERURICEMIA","authors":"Wajid Hussain, Muhammad Maaz Faheem, Rameez Ahmed, Muhammad Murad Farid, I. Munir","doi":"10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.96","url":null,"abstract":"The level of uric acid level in blood is maintained by hepatic production and renal excretion. Hyperuricemia is caused by a decrease in urate excretion. Manyconditions like obesity, high cholesterol, and insulin resistance are disorders of the metabolic syndrome that are related to hyperuricemia. It occurs due to an increase in production and decrease in its excretion of urea due to renal failure which leads to further complications. The aim of study was to correlate the body weight with hyperuricemia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to March 2022. The total number of collected samples were 272 from patients visiting Umer Clinical Lab, Kot Adu, Pakistan and subjected for uric acid results under Microlab 300 in laboratory. Body Mass Index was calculated by measuring the weight and height. Total 272 individuals were included in this study among them, 131 (48%) were female and 141 (52%) were male. Body mass index of 272 individuals involved in this study was calculated. Out of 272 individuals, 4.04% were underweight, 32.72% were normal, 33.82% were overweight and 29.41% were obese. Serum uric acid levels were measured in 131 females and out of them 3.82% had hypouricemia, 85.50% had normal uric acid level and 10.69% had hyperuricemia. The serum uric acid levels in 141 males were measured and out of 141 males, 10.64% had hypouricemia, 82.98% had normal uric acid levels and 6.38% had hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia in age group 41 to 60 years of both male and female were 2.84% and 6.11%, respectively. Serum uric acid levels were elevated in overweight and obese patients as compared to those who had normal weight and underweight. The majority of the participants of the study had normal weight. However, uric levels were independently associated with gender.","PeriodicalId":322027,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131123942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CITRUS LIMETTA (PEEL, STEM AND LEAVES)","authors":"Amna Mahmood, Nida Naeem, Lahrasb Khan, Rabia Mahmood, Jawan Bakht","doi":"10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.91","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus limetta plant has potent activities against different infectious diseases and globally consumed citrus fruit. Studies revealed this plant has several chemical constituents that are known to have anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties. This plant is a best source to boost immunity and fight against infections and common flu and cold. The plant Citrus limetta (leaves, peel, stem) used in this research were collected from various areas of Pakpattan (Green Town) and ethanolic extract was prepared as per standard protocols. Gram-positive bacteria i.e., Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Gram-negative bacteria i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosae (ATCC 27853) and Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 33152) were used to check the anti bacterial activities. Both Disc diffusion and well diffusion methods were used for the anti-bacterial pursuits. The cytotoxic pursuit of plant abstraction was set on using an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipenyltetrazolium bromide] analysis. Antioxidant activities were analyzed by performing a DPHH test. Different tests have been performed including the Molisch experiment, Ninhydrin experiment, alkaline reagent experiment, Wagner’s experiment, Froth experiment, Ferric reagent experiment and Salkowski experiment for the detection of phytochemical constituents. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic abstrac of Citrus limetta (leaves, peel and stem) tested by agar diffusion opposed to various bacterial ATCC cultureswhich reveal topmost zone of hindrance against Enterococcus Faecalis (24 mm) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (34 mm), whereas the minimal sector of hindrance was shown by Bacillus subtilis (14 mm) after 24 and 48t hours of incubation at 37°C. The antioxidant activity results showed that it reduced the firm radical 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) to yellow-tint DPPH-H outstretched 75.81% of DPPH rummage effect at its 100% attentiveness compared to vitamin c as testimonial standard being a secure antioxidant indicator. Cytotoxic activities of this plant revealed extraordinary viability of cells which is a novel property examined of this plant. Ethanolic extracts showed positive results against different test performed to check the phytochemical constituents. It was concluded that Citrus limetta ethanolic extract of (leaves peel and stem) possessed a potent antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity and the presence of phytochemical constituents of the plant make it an essential parameter in treatment of different pathological conditions.","PeriodicalId":322027,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125490835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COVID-19 VACCINATION AND CHANGES IN MENSTRUAL CYCLE OF YOUNG FEMALES IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN","authors":"Muhammad Nouman, Shamaila Habib, Faiza Usman, Sajida Munir","doi":"10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.65","url":null,"abstract":"Although public concern about COVID-19 vaccinations causing menstrual cycle disruptions is growing, there is presently insufficient research to assess the impact of immunization on menstrual health. The present study enrolled 455 young females and effect of COVID 19 immunization on normal menstruation and minor post-vaccine side effects were observed. This study was held through online google forms which were circulated in different universities of Lahore. The majority of participants (81%) were in the 18–23 age group, and (58%) of them were at their ideal weight. Sinopharm was the most prominent administrative vaccine (54%). In this region, the least frequent use of administrative vaccine was AstraZeneca (2%). Majority of females (74%) had mild post-vaccination symptoms. Irregular menstrual cycle was noted in 23% of females while 17% were unsure whether this irregularity was brought on by the Covid-19 vaccine or by some other medical condition. Unusual cramps were reported by 42% of females, while early onset with menstrual bleeding and delayed period with minimal flow were reported by 28% and 18% of females, respectively.","PeriodicalId":322027,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128797595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE OF PULMONARY AND EXTRA PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN PUNJAB POPULATION OF PAKISTAN","authors":"M. Khurram, R. Mateen, G. Murtaza, M. I. Fareed, Muhammad Ali, I. Tipu, M. Afzal, Rukhsana Parveen, M. Hussain","doi":"10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.98","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis, being one of the top 10 death causing diseases worldwide, is still widespread in developing countries. Pakistan is currently ranked fifth among the high tuberculosis burden countries and 5 % of the total patients worldwide are from this country. The study was conducted on 633 tuberculosis patients involving both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis from Punjab population of Pakistan. Male to female ratio was found to be 0.96 in this population. Most of the individuals infected from this disease were found to be of age group 15-34 where 38.38% males and 46.43% females were infected. Among pulmonary tuberculosis, age group <15 was most infected with 31.11% males and 39.84% females while among extra pulmonary tuberculosis age group 15-34 was found most infected with 51.53% males and 56.31% females. Significant difference in MFR and age groups prevalence of this disease was noted when compares with neighbor countries India and Iran.","PeriodicalId":322027,"journal":{"name":"THE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126245652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}