Studia Historiae Oeconomicae最新文献_第6页

Women’s Employment Support Activities By Labor Offices Under the “AZ” Program in Years 1947-1950 1947-1950年劳工局根据“AZ”方案开展的妇女就业支助活动

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/sho-2020-0009

Elżbieta Słabińska

{"title":"Women’s Employment Support Activities By Labor Offices Under the “AZ” Program in Years 1947-1950","authors":"Elżbieta Słabińska","doi":"10.2478/sho-2020-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sho-2020-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper deals with mechanisms used for reducing unemployment among women in Poland after the World War II, the so-called “women productivisation.” I discussed women’s attitude to employment and the state’s standpoint as far as the problem of women’s unemployment is concerned, and analyzed women’s unemployment figures in the introductory part. Employment policy in the early days of the Polish People’s Republic was a combination of many factors, among which the most important were ideology, pre-war tradition, and war-related experiences. Women found employment in the industry since the beginning of industrialization of the Polish lands in 19th century. In the interwar period and the early days of the Polish People’s Republic, employment increased mainly out of economic reasons (necessity to support family and oneself). It was in keeping with the Marxist ideology in place after the World War II. The “new woman” was to be free from capitalist exploitation and on par with a man in terms of professional career. The role model of the woman was in particular a female-worker employed in industry. After the war, in 1940s, the number of women registered at labor offices was rising. According to labor offices’ figures, the number of job offers for women was insufficient or these were unattractive. Hence, the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy (Ministerstwo Pracy i Opieki Społecznej) conceived the idea of developing short-term training for women and employing them in the cottage industry - action “AZ”. It lasted from 1947 to 1950; it was evolved due to changing regulations. Undoubtedly, the action “AZ” contributed to the development of “female” cooperatives, but with time it was considered as ineffective and its scope was limited. My fundamental goal was to discuss the ‘AZ’ program, including its course, scope, and scale, as well as its evaluation. The subject matter in question has not been discussed in detail to date but only briefly addressed in the literature listed below.","PeriodicalId":32183,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historiae Oeconomicae","volume":"38 1","pages":"202 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42467260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

British Land Policies in the Gold Coast and Her Relations with Asante 英国在黄金海岸的土地政策及其与阿桑特的关系

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/sho-2020-0007

Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, Emmanuel Bempong, H. T. Yartey, Benjamin Dompreh Darkwa

{"title":"British Land Policies in the Gold Coast and Her Relations with Asante","authors":"Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, Emmanuel Bempong, H. T. Yartey, Benjamin Dompreh Darkwa","doi":"10.2478/sho-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sho-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Colonization successfully advanced various reforms in Africa that affected several practices on the continent. The various customs that have been affected include the land tenure system of British colonies in particular. An abundance of laws and policies were adopted with the sole aim of conserving the environment. These policies often clashed with indigenous interests and witnessed counter attacks as a result. Despite this, there is little information in the literature concerning how British land policies shaped their relations with the indigenous people, particularly the Asante. Based on a qualitative research approach, the current study uses Asante as a focal point of discourse in order to historically trace British land policies and how they, the British engaged with the people of Asante. From the discourse, it should be established that the colonial administration passed ordinances to mobilize revenue and not necessarily for the protection of the environment. In addition, the findings indicated that the boom in cash crops, such as cocoa and rubber, prompted Britain to reform the land tenure system. With the land policies, individuals and private organizations could acquire lands from local authorities for the cultivation of cash crops. We conclude that the quest to control land distribution caused the British to further annex Asante.","PeriodicalId":32183,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historiae Oeconomicae","volume":"38 1","pages":"163 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42207557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Economic Policy from the Perspective of Contemporary Challenges in Economic History – Hopes, Concerns and Dilemmas 经济史上当代挑战视角下的经济政策——希望、关切与困境

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/sho-2020-0001

Małgorzata Słodowa-Hełpa

引用次数: 0

Congresses of Mining Industrialists of the South of Russia and the Kingdom of Poland as a form of Representing Entrepreneur’s Interests (End of the 19th – Beginning of the 20th Century) 代表企业家利益的俄罗斯南部和波兰王国矿业工业家代表大会(19世纪末- 20世纪初)

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/sho-2020-0008

I. Shandra, O. Kravchenko

引用次数: 0

Between Progress and Backwardness. A Look at the Housing Policy of the Period of the People’s Republic of Poland from the Social and Economic Perspective After 1989 在进步和落后之间。从1989年以后的社会经济角度看波兰时期的住房政策

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/sho-2020-0003

Jakub Kujawa

引用次数: 1

Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship in the Exposé of the Prime Ministers: From Tadeusz Mazowiecki to Mateusz Morawiecki 总理博览会上的企业家和企业家精神：从Tadeusz Mazowiecki到Mateusz Morawiecki

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/sho-2020-0006

Sławomir Kamosiński

引用次数: 1

100 Years of Poznań Economic History 波兹纳斯100年经济史

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/sho-2020-0011

L. Błażejczyk-Majka

{"title":"100 Years of Poznań Economic History","authors":"L. Błażejczyk-Majka","doi":"10.2478/sho-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sho-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Economic History associates the beginning of its hundred-year history with the appointment, from 1 July 1920, of prof. Jan Rutkowski (1886-1949) as the first head of the Chair of Economic History at the Faculty of Law and Economics of the University of Poznań, prof. Jan Rutkowski [AUAMP, 208/49: 422]. Prof. Jan Rutkowski is considered one of the founders and the first promoters of economic history in Poland. Together with prof. Franciszek Bujak led to the separation of historical and economic research as an independent academic discipline. He was also involved in work for didactics and the organization of higher education. He promoted teamwork [Graban M., Błażejczyk-Majka L. 2019]. It is worth emphasizing that prof. Jan Rutkowski belonged to a group of scientists who had been invited to work at the Faculty of Philosophy by the University Commission established to organize the Polish university in Poznań [1918 listopad 18, Poznań... 1973]. He also participated, as a delegate of the Faculty of Law and Economics, in the first sessions of the senate of the newly established University of Poznań [Uniwersytet Poznański: skład osobowy... 1920: 3, 15; Protokoły posiedzeń.. 2019: 3–38]. The establishment of the Chair of Economic History at the University of Poznań was preceded by prof. Jan Rutkowski conducting, from the first semesters of the newly established University, seminars on economic history and obligatory lectures on the economic history of Poland [Uniwersytet Poznański: spis wykładów... 1919: 47–50; Uniwersytet Poznański: spis wykładów... 1920: 8]. As mentioned earlier, from 1920 prof. Jan Rutkowski took the position of the chair of an independent department. In accordance with the organizational structure of the University of Poznań in force in the interwar period, he was the director of an independent research institution Seminar. Initially, it was an economic seminar at the Faculty STUdIa HISToRIaE oEConoMICaE","PeriodicalId":32183,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historiae Oeconomicae","volume":"38 1","pages":"245 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44077269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Migration Policy in the Area of Border Control and Migration of the Population in OECD Countries –Theoretical and Practical Aspects 经合组织国家边境管制和人口迁移领域的移民政策-理论和实践方面

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/sho-2020-0010

K. Wożniak

引用次数: 0

What was the Direction of the Reform of the PRL (Polish People’s Republic) Economy in the Eighties? 八十年代波兰经济改革的方向是什么?

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/sho-2020-0004

J. Kaliński

{"title":"What was the Direction of the Reform of the PRL (Polish People’s Republic) Economy in the Eighties?","authors":"J. Kaliński","doi":"10.2478/sho-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sho-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the 1980s, the communist authorities of Poland, forced by the dire economic and social situation, undertook a number of attempts to reform the centrally managed economy. By deciding on limited liberalization, they simultaneously secured the economic foundations of the government, which was dominated by the public sector. The Polish version of perestroika was, thus, implemented in order to balance the economy. However, like the Soviet model, it was a tactical move, essentially to consolidate the centrally managed economy. The economic hybrid that emerged from the partial reforms, contrary to the intentions of its creators, did not weaken, but rather strengthened deep crisis phenomena. Their inhibition became the main goal of the democratic government formed in 1989 and the radical economic reforms associated with the name of Leszek Balcerowicz. The departure from the reforms of the centrally managed economy and the undertaking of consistent market transformation resulted in measurable economic successes. They were particularly visible against the background of the economy of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, whose authorities had abandoned comprehensive and consistent market reforms.","PeriodicalId":32183,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historiae Oeconomicae","volume":"38 1","pages":"83 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42755251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Socks at War: American Hand Knitters and Military Footwear Production for the World Wars 战争中的袜子：世界大战中的美国手织和军用鞋类生产

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/sho-2019-0005

R. Maines

{"title":"Socks at War: American Hand Knitters and Military Footwear Production for the World Wars","authors":"R. Maines","doi":"10.2478/sho-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sho-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In both World Wars, combatant nations, including the United States, Britain, and Germany, learned that inadequate or poorly-maintained footwear produced costly and preventable casualties from trench foot and frostbite. While provision of shoes and boots to troops were major issues in earlier conflicts, no nation before World War I had fully appreciated the significance of warm, dry, well-fitting socks to the effectiveness of soldiers in the field. The large numbers of trench foot casualties in World War I, especially among the French and British, convinced policymakers that this vital commodity must receive a higher priority in military production planning, but few nations in wartime could shift production to knitting mills rapidly enough to make a difference. Thus, in Britain and the U.S, the best policy option proved to be recruiting women and children civilians to knit socks by hand for the military in the first war, and for refugees, prisoners and civilians in the second. This paper discusses the economic and military importance of this effort, including the numbers of pairs produced, and the program’s role in supplementing industrial production. The production of this low-technology but crucial item of military apparel is typical of detail-oriented tasks performed by women under conditions of full mobilization for war, in that they have a high impact on battlefield and home front performance and morale, but very low visibility as significant contributions to national defense. Often, both during and after the emergency, these efforts are ridiculed as trivial and/or wasteful. Unlike women pilots or industrial workers, handcrafters of essential supplies are regarded as performing extensions of their domestic roles as makers and caretakers of clothing and food. This was especially true in the U.S. in and after World War II, a wealthy industrialized nation that took pride in its modern - and thoroughly masculinist - military industrial complex.","PeriodicalId":32183,"journal":{"name":"Studia Historiae Oeconomicae","volume":"37 1","pages":"67 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/sho-2019-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48372799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0