World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Percutaneous Aponeurotomy and Lipofilling in Complex Periorbital Scar Revision.","authors":"Daniel Karasik, Alexandra F Welschmeyer, Eve Tranchito, Humzah Quereshy, Saikrishna Gourishetti, Cyrus C Rabbani","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wjo2.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periorbital scars and deformities pose a significant challenge due to the region's delicate anatomy and esthetic importance. This case series explores the application of percutaneous aponeurotomy and lipofilling (PALF) in three patients with complex periorbital scarring resulting from surgical, traumatic, and pathological causes. The PALF technique involves subcision to release fibrotic tissue tethering scars, followed by injection of processed autologous fat to restore volume and improve contour. Patients demonstrated notable improvements in functional outcomes, such as eyelid mobility and prosthesis positioning, and esthetic results, including enhanced symmetry and scar improvement. No significant complications were observed. This study highlights PALF as a safe and effective treatment for restoring function and esthetics in the management of periorbital scars. Further research is warranted to validate its long-term efficacy and broader applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":32097,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"505-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent Sinus Syndrome: 13-Year Experience With Endoscopic Surgery and Long-Term Patient Outcomes.","authors":"Sholem Hack, Arkadi Yakirevitch, Gabriel Nakache, Eran Glikson","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wjo2.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is a rare condition characterized by spontaneous maxillary sinus collapse with associated orbital deformity. Existing studies are limited by heterogeneous surgical approaches, small sample sizes, and short follow-up. This study aimed to evaluate long-term clinical and patient-reported outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery for SSS and to assess the necessity and frequency of concurrent orbital floor reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective case series was conducted at a tertiary academic center, including adults with radiologically confirmed SSS who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) between 2012 and 2024. Clinical records and CT imaging were reviewed for demographics, radiologic features, ocular findings, surgical details, and postoperative course. Long-term outcomes were obtained through clinic visits and standardized telephone interviews, assessing symptom resolution, ocular changes, need for additional procedures, and quality of life (1-5 Likert scale).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four patients met inclusion criteria (mean age 45.2 years; 54.2% male). All exhibited maxillary sinus atelectasis with orbital floor retraction. FESS was performed in all cases; one patient (4.2%) required orbital floor reconstruction. No intraoperative complications or revision surgeries occurred. After a mean follow-up of 4.71 years, all patients reported complete or near-complete resolution of sinonasal and ocular symptoms, with normalization or improvement of enophthalmos/hypoglobus. Mean quality-of-life score was 4.58/5.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Endoscopic sinus surgery provides highly effective, durable management of SSS, with no recurrences and excellent patient-reported outcomes over long-term follow-up. Routine orbital floor reconstruction is unnecessary and should be reserved for select cases with persistent diplopia or cosmetic deformity after sinus re-aeration.</p>","PeriodicalId":32097,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Early Detection of Allergic Rhinitis: A Prospective Study on a Symptom-Based Predictive Model.","authors":"Ke-Zhang Zhu, Chao He, Si-Zhe Zhu, Zheng Liu, Ming Zeng","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.70109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wjo2.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) share overlapping symptoms but differ in pathophysiology and treatment. Current AR diagnosis relies on skin prick testing (SPT) and serum IgE quantification, both of which are complex. This study aimed to develop a symptom-based model for early AR detection, explore allergen-symptom relationships, and evaluate its performance.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted at Wuhan Tongji Hospital between June 2024 and October 2024, enrolling 1150 patients with clinically suspected AR. Participants completed a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire evaluating nasal symptoms (itching, congestion, sneezing, rhinorrhea), ocular symptoms, and overall discomfort, and the final diagnosis of AR was confirmed by SPT. Patients were randomly divided into training and test cohorts (8:2). Logistic regression (LR), the classic artificial intelligence-machine learning algorithm, was used to build a prediction model after analyzing allergen-symptom associations, with evaluation of discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 758 patients (65.9%) were confirmed AR cases, and showed more severe nasal/ocular symptoms than NAR. Dust mites were the most common allergen, correlated with animal dander (<i>r</i> > 0.45) and negatively with age (<i>r</i> = -0.27), while allergen-symptom specificity was generally low. Sneezing was the strongest AR predictor (AUC = 0.758) with the highest sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score, and the multivariable model combining all symptoms performed better (AUC = 0.771 training, 0.765 test), outperforming clinician experience. The model showed good calibration and stable performance across subgroups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study developed a symptom-based AR predictive model that outperformed clinician experience. Sneezing demonstrated the highest AUC value for prediction, and the multivariable LR model using nasal and ocular symptoms further improved accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings support VAS-based screening as a practical, cost-effective tool for early AR detection, therapeutic interventions, and targeted patient education regarding allergen avoidance strategies, helping optimize AR management, minimizing diagnostic delays, and facilitating precision treatment decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":32097,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Guidelines.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.70111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32097,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery","volume":"12 2","pages":"255-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea and BMI, Body Fat Percentage in the East Asian Population: A Bidirectional and Multivariate Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Rui Fan, Wen-Jun Lu, Hua Zhang, Hai-Ling Jiang, Tao Li, Yan Yan","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wjo2.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the causal relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and body fat percentage and body mass index (BMI) in the East Asian population by using bidirectional Mendelian randomization and multivariate Mendelian randomization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized genetic data on obstructive sleep apnea and BMI from the NBDC database in Japan and body fat percentage data from the Biobank in Taiwan, China. Obstructive sleep apnea cases were identified using ICD-10 diagnostic codes rather than PSG data. Concurrently, body fat percentage and BMI were inferred from genetic variants rather than from actual body fat percentage or BMI measurements. Bivariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization analyses assessed the causal relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and obesity. The Inverse Variance Weighted method was used as the main Mendelian randomization analysis method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we found that for the East Asian population (a) the forward causal relationship between body fat percentage and obstructive sleep apnea was significant (Inverse Variance Weighted: <i>β</i> 1.272, 95% CI 0.288-2.257, <i>p</i> = 0.011); (b) the forward causal relationship between BMI and obstructive sleep apnea was also significant (Inverse Variance Weighted: <i>β</i> 0.817, 95% CI 0.217-1.417, <i>p</i> = 0.008); (c) however, neither the reverse causal relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and body fat percentage (Wald ratio: <i>β</i> -0.018, 95% CI -0.041 to 0.005, <i>p</i> = 0.127) nor that between obstructive sleep apnea and BMI (Inverse Variance Weighted: <i>β</i> 0.003, 95% CI -0.021 to 0.026, <i>p</i> = 0.833) was significant. Furthermore, multivariate Mendelian randomization analyses suggested that the effect of body fat percentage on the risk of obstructive sleep apnea was independent of BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both body fat percentage and BMI are strong risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea, and body fat percentage can function independently of BMI. Body fat percentage may be able to be used as a new indicator for screening and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea.</p>","PeriodicalId":32097,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Application of the SAMEO-ATO Classification and Analysis of the Correlation Between Individual Subgroups and Surgery Duration.","authors":"Julia van de Loo, Naledi Jankowski, Marcel Mayer, Hans Eckel, Louis Jansen, Helen Abing, Anne Nobis, Johannsen Jannik, Jens Peter Klußmann, Jan Christoffer Lüers","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.70099","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wjo2.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tympanomastoid surgery, encompassing intricate middle ear and mastoid procedures, necessitates a standardized classification system to ensure consistent documentation, enhance comparability, and improve outcome analysis across different clinical settings. The SAMEO-ATO classification, established by the International Otology Outcome Group (IOOG), provides a comprehensive framework that categorizes surgical interventions into key components, covering both mastoid operations (SAMEO) and middle ear surgeries (ATO).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed correlations between specific subgroups within the SAMEO-ATO framework and the duration of surgery. Data were retrospectively collected from 300 patients at a university hospital, categorized according to the SAMEO-ATO classification, and statistically analyzed to determine associations between subgroups and operative time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicated that the type of surgical approach (e.g., endaural vs<i>.</i> retroauricular), as well as the specific components of mastoidectomy, external auditory canal reconstruction, mastoid cavity obliteration, middle ear access, tympanic membrane reconstruction, and ossicular chain reconstruction, significantly influenced surgery duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggest that the SAMEO-ATO classification can serve as a valuable predictive tool for estimating procedural complexity in tympanomastoid surgery. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the utility of the SAMEO-ATO classification in otological practice and underscore its potential as a framework for outcome-oriented research in middle ear and mastoid surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":32097,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Voice Disorders: Current Landscape, Emerging Applications and Future Directions.","authors":"Rachel B Kutler, Anaïs Rameau","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.70103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wjo2.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a comprehensive review of the current landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in voice disorder, with emphasis on emerging applications, limitations, and future directions for clinical integration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI-based voice analysis is a promising tool for the screening and monitoring of vocal pathology, offering advantages in accessibility, scalability, and sensitivity to subtle acoustic features. However, current models remain limited by small data sets and lack of standardization in recording and reporting techniques. To move beyond proof-of-concept studies, future work must focus on longitudinal and multimodal data integration, explainability, fairness, and validated frameworks for implementation. Emerging strategies such as edge computing, synthetic data, and ambient electronic health record (EHR) integration may facilitate scalable, privacy-preserving adoption in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":32097,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clarity Without Credibility? Human Versus AI Abstracts in Otolaryngology.","authors":"Sholem Hack, Rebecca Attal, Lirit Levi, David T Liu, Mahdokht Manavi, Luca Giovanni Locatello, Maxime Fieux, Evan M de Joya, Joel M Gutovitz, Shahar Eliahu, Tal Hefetz, Tomer Boldes, Ameen Biadsee","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wjo2.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated whether otolaryngologists can distinguish between human- and machine-written abstracts. The primary question was whether large language models (LLMs) produce abstracts comparable in clarity and usefulness to human-authored work, and whether reviewers can identify authorship with accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A blinded cross-sectional design was used. Forty-eight abstracts were evaluated, consisting of twenty-four human-authored abstracts and 24 generated by four LLMs. Human abstracts were drawn from articles published after July 2025 to minimize overlap with LLM training data. Twenty otolaryngologists independently reviewed all abstracts. Using a structured rubric, raters classified authorship, rated clarity, usefulness, and confidence on 5-point scales, and provided optional free-text explanations. Group comparisons were performed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, with Kruskal-Wallis tests for model-level analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall recognition accuracy was 44.7%. Human-written abstracts were more often misclassified as AI than AI-generated abstracts were mistaken for human. Human abstracts received significantly higher clarity and usefulness scores than LLM abstracts, though effect sizes were small. Confidence did not correlate with correctness, indicating miscalibration of rater judgments. Model-level performance varied. Grok-generated abstracts were most easily identified as AI, whereas GPT-5 and Claude 3.5 more frequently resembled human writing. Free-text rationales commonly referenced style, vagueness, or lack of detail when AI authorship was suspected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LLMs generate abstracts that increasingly resemble human scientific writing, yet still lag in perceived usefulness and credibility. Clinicians were only moderately successful at detecting authorship and were frequently confident in incorrect classifications. These findings highlight both the promise and risks of AI-assisted scientific communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":32097,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thai Translation and Validation of Chronic Rhinosinusitis-Patient Reported Outcome (CRS-PRO).","authors":"Wirach Chitsuthipakorn, Vorachai Pooldum, Juthaporn Phetpong, Saranath Lawpoolsri, Dichapong Kanjanawasee, Patlada Kowatanamongkon, Kittichai Mongkolkul, Kachorn Seresirikachorn, Kornkiat Snidvongs","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wjo2.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patient-Reported Outcome (CRS-PRO) questionnaire was recently developed for use in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. This instrument was developed using current diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to translate and validate CRS-PRO for Thai CRS patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The three-phase translation process and validation were conducted at Rajavithi Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Adults (> 18 years) with primary CRS, diagnosed using EPOS2020 criteria, were recruited alongside non-CRS controls. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing scores between CRS patients and non-CRS controls. Concurrent validity was evaluated by correlating CRS-PRO with the Thai version of the Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22). Reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 85 CRS patients and 40 non-CRS controls were enrolled. The Thai CRS-PRO was completed in (101.80 ± 26.36) seconds. CRS patients had significantly higher scores than controls (16 [10-24] vs. 2 [0-5], <i>p</i> < 0.001) (median [IQR]). CRS-PRO demonstrated strong concurrent validity with SNOT-22 (<i>ρ</i> = 0.82, <i>p</i> < 0.001), high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89), and high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.72-0.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Thai-translated CRS-PRO has been developed and validated. It demonstrated significant discriminant validity between patients and non-patients, a very strong correlation with the Thai version of SNOT-22, and good reliability. Its brevity and time efficiency support its applicability in both clinical practice and research, enhancing its potential for widespread adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":32097,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prelacrimal Transmaxillary-Orbital Approach for Resection of Lateral Extraconal Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma.","authors":"Zhen-Xiao Huang, Xiao-Qing Zhang, Bing Zhou","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wjo2.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endoscopic orbital surgery is likely a reasonable option for patients with orbital cavernous hemangiomas (OCH) medial to the optic nerve (ON). The endoscopic resection of OCH lateral to the ON is extremely challenging. Zhou et al. first described the endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach (PLRA) for the management of the maxillary sinus and skull base. However, the application of PLRA for endoscopic resection of OCH has not been reported. Here, we report a novel modification of the PLRA termed the prelacrimal transmaxillary-orbital approach (PLTMOA) for endoscopic resection of extraconal OCH lateral to the ON. A 58-year-old female presented with a 4-year history of left extraconal OCH causing left proptosis and diplopia. The imaging revealed the tumor to be localized inferolateral to the ON within the extraconal space. The tumor was resected entirely without complications via PLTMOA, and no recurrence was observed during 26 months of follow-up. The PLTMOA technique comprises four key steps: (1) creation of a prelacrimal recess window, (2) entry into the maxillary sinus, (3) exposure of the orbital floor and osteotomy of the orbital floor (orbital window), and (4) dissection to achieve complete tumor excision. This approach represents the first reported application of a PLTMOA for extraconal OCHs inferolateral to the ON, providing direct access to the orbit while preserving the integrity of the nasolacrimal duct.</p>","PeriodicalId":32097,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13398516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}