Development Economics: Agriculture最新文献

{"title":"Etanol a energia renovável para mover o desenvolvimento sustentável global (Ethanol Renewable Energy to Move the Global Sustainable Development)","authors":"Dan Denny","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3810948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3810948","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Portuguese Abstract:</b> Os combustíveis de transporte de baixo carbono são uma das alternativas mais rápidas para reduzir a intensidade de emissões do setor de transporte , antes que a frota, a infraestrutura e a tecnologia mudem de forma mais abrangente. O etanol, por exemplo, é uma solução renovável imediatamente aplicável. Porém como meio ambiente, via de regra, corresponde a uma falha de mercado, o etanol precisa do desenho de políticas públicas de intervenção no domínio econômico que corrijam essas falhas. No Brasil, um dos melhores exemplos atuais disso é o Renovabio política para fomentar os investimentos, aumentar a quantidade de biocombustíveis e criar empregos e cujo principal mecanismo é o Crédito de Descarbonização por Biocombustíveis – CBIO. Além disso será abordada a obrigatoriedade de mistura de etanol na gasolina e novas possibilidades tecnológicas.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> Low-carbon transport fuels are one of the fastest alternatives to reduce the intensity of emissions in the transport sector, before the fleet, infrastructure and technology change more broadly. Ethanol, for example, is a renewable energy immediately applicable. However, because the environment corresponds to a market failure, ethanol needs the design of public policies to intervene in the economic domain in order to correct these failures. In Brazil, one of the best examples is the Renovabio policy to encourage investments, increase the quantity of biofuels and create jobs. Its main mechanism is the biofuel decarbonization credit - CBIO. In addition, the mandatory mixing of ethanol in gasoline and new technological possibilities will be also addressed by this short descriptive text.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115194672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers Perception of Climate Change, its Impact, and the Risk of Extreme Weather Events: Evidence from the Central Highlands of Afghanistan","authors":"A. Jawid","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3896258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3896258","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides evidence on the farmers' perception of climate change, climate change impacts, climate change vulnerability, and the risk of extreme weather events. A novel dataset of 1,502 farmers from three central provinces of Afghanistan and different statistical and econometric methods have been used to study the research questions. The results suggest that farmers have perceived the changes in the climate and have tried to adopt the adaptation options available to them. Due to limited resources, the farmers view themselves as vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and extreme weather events.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127415539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disciplina, Estabilidad Y Sostenibilidad De Las Finanzas Publicas En Venezuela (Discipline, Stability and Sustainability of Public Finances in Venezuela)","authors":"M. A. Moreno, Santiago Sosa, Luis Zambrano Sequín","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3792168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3792168","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> Este trabajo propone un sistema de reglas fiscales para Venezuela que permita alcanzar estabilización y sostenibilidad de las finanzas públicas, así como fundamentar el diseño de reformas económicas orientadas al restablecimiento de los equilibrios macroeconómicos básicos, condición necesaria para la recuperación del crecimiento sostenido. Se parte de considerar el estado del arte en la materia de reglas fiscales, haciendo un balance de sus ventajas y desventajas, con especial énfasis en las economías que dependen de la explotación y exportaciones de recursos naturales no renovables. Se formula un modelo de reglas fiscales, que posteriormente se simula para el caso de Venezuela. Los resultados obtenidos permiten inferir su factibilidad y conveniencia, partiendo del reconocimiento de que la implementación de un sistema de reglas fiscales como el propuesto requiere de un período de transición durante el cual se corrijan los fuertes desequilibrios macroeconómicos presentes y la crisis humanitaria que en la actualidad afecta al país.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The objective of the proposal of a system of fiscal rules for Venezuela is twofold: to achieve the stabilization and sustainability of public finances, and to provide foundations for policies aimed at restoring the country’s basic macroeconomic balances and a sustained growth path. Before presenting such system, we offer an overview of the current state of the subject on fiscal rules and – being Venezuela an oil country – focus on their main aspects and restrictions in natural resource economies. To evaluate the proposed system of fiscal rules, we calibrate and simulate a tailored model for the Venezuelan case and perform the estimations in the context of likely short and medium-term macroeconomic scenarios. The results of the exercise allow us to infer its feasibility and convenience if the fiscal rules proposed are implemented after a process of fiscal consolidation and restoration of basic macroeconomic equilibria.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123255046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inducing Perspective-Taking for Prosocial Behaviour in Natural Resource Management","authors":"Juan Felipe Ortiz-Riomalo, A. Koessler, S. Engel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3773752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3773752","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Natural resource management often involves social dilemmas which other-regarding preferences and pro-social behaviour can help overcome. Interventions that induce resource users to consider a perspective broader than their own may help promote pro-social behaviour. Such interventions are often applied in participatory resource management approaches. To the best of our knowledge, nonetheless, no previous study has isolated and assessed the effect of inducing perspective-taking on natural resource users’ prosocial behaviour. In this study, we do so in the context of watershed management. We conducted a lab-in-the-field experiment with downstream farmers in a Peruvian watershed. In the experiment, participants were induced to imagine the perspective of upstream farmers before deciding on a donation that can help the latter improve their well-being without compromising the water supply downstream. We find that inducing perspective-taking increases unilateral prosocial behaviour. This effect cannot fully be explained by the additional information on the social and ecological characteristics of the watershed received during the perspective-taking experience. Rather the effect of the perspective-taking intervention is likely to work by inducing other-regarding preferences. Our results contribute to the study of pro-social behaviour in natural resource management and the ways in which it could be induced by interventions targeting other-regarding preferences. Jel D01, D64, D91, C93, Q25, Q57.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125556016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral Hazard and the Market-Based Method: Does Using Renewable Energy Attributes in Emissions Reporting Affect Corporate Emissions Performance?","authors":"F. Ascui, M. Brander, T. Cojoianu, Qian Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3753995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3753995","url":null,"abstract":"An increasingly widespread accounting practice for electricity (scope 2) emissions, known as the ‘market-based method’, is problematic as it allows companies to use purchased renewable energy attributes (REAs) to report lower emissions, which therefore no longer reflect the actual location-based electricity generation emissions resulting from the company's electricity consumption. Using REAs therefore may create a moral hazard, as companies using these arrangements are insulated from the consequences of their actions and may thus have less incentive to genuinely reduce their emissions. We construct a year-on-year matched sample of firms using/not using REAs (2,716 firms with 12,700 firm-year observations from 2006 to 2018) and apply a two-way fixed effects difference-in-difference (DiD) method to investigate the effects of REA use on emissions performance. We find that firms using REAs increase their absolute energy consumption and absolute emissions (scope 1 and 2) relative to companies that do not use REAs, while simultaneously reducing their relative emissions intensities per unit revenue, and that all effects are more significant after three or more years of REA use. The observed intensity reductions do not indicate genuine improved emissions performance, however, as firms using REAs do not improve their energy efficiency, but instead have higher revenue and tend to be located in countries with lower location-based grid emission factors. We conclude that companies, investors, and customers should beware the potential for moral hazard arising from the use of the market-based method, and should ensure that renewable energy purchasing drives additional renewable supply and does not distract firms from taking genuine mitigation actions.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126260297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interactive Effects of Temperature and Air Pollution on Labor Productivity","authors":"James S. Goodenberger, R. Munk, Garrett T. Senney","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3747097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3747097","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution and temperature are both environmental factors that can influence the productivity of labor. We use data on aggregated real-time labor productivity in an industrial setting to investigate the interaction effects of temperature and air pollution on productivity. We find that elevated concentrations of five common pollutants significantly reduce productivity. Ozone and carbon monoxide are found to have the largest negative effects. We also demonstrate that temperature modifies the marginal effects of several of the pollutants, ozone in particular has a large effect. These results are found at levels of pollution that are currently deemed safe by the EPA","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125404993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guards vs Vigilantes: The Effect of Rule Enforcement Strategies on Sustainable Use Norms in Common Property Regimes","authors":"Trevor Breen, A. Tavoni","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3742737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3742737","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses replicator dynamics to compare the steady states arising from two types of common property regimes - one in which over-exploiters are punished by the resource users themselves, and another where enforcement is handled by guards who collect a tax from the users. The use of guards requires a less restrictive set of parametric conditions in order to maintain an equilibrium with no over-exploiters. However, it can also stabilize an outcome in which all users over-exploit and are punished, but not enough to induce more cooperation (less resource extraction). These results can be used in guiding and structuring the formation of new common property regimes.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"58 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114024457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updating the Framework of the VMA – A Reform Proposal in Outline","authors":"P. England","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3739611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3739611","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper outlines a policy proposal that would complement the Vegetation Management Act and serve to certify and incentivize land managers adversely impacted by the Vegetation Management Act.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124208265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil Extraction in Nigeria’s Ogoniland: the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Averting a Resurgence of Violence","authors":"J. I. Uduji, E. N. Okolo-Obasi, S. Asongu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3736842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3736842","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper contributes to the literature on the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in oil extraction communities of developing countries. It specifically examines the impact of Global Memorandum of Understanding (GMoU) interventions of multinational oil companies (MOCs) on preventing a resurgence of violence in the Ogoniland of Nigeria. One thousand, two hundred respondent households were sampled across the six kingdoms of Ogoniland. Results from the use of a combined propensity score matching (PSM) and logit model show that GMoUs of MOCs generate significant reductions on key drivers of insurgence in Ogoniland. This suggests that taking on more Cluster Development Boards (CDBs) should form the basis for CSR practice in Ogoniland with the objective of equipping young people with entrepreneurship skills, creating employment, promoting environmental clean-up, and checking the return of violent conflicts. This in turn provides the enabling environment for businesses to thrive in the Nigeria's oil producing region.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132674031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Risk and Green Innovation: Evidence From Evacuation Spills","authors":"Yongqiang Chu, Alice (Yanguang) Liu, X. Tian","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3740551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3740551","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring evacuation spill information from the U.S. Coast Guard’s National Response Center database, we examine how firms alter their green innovation activities and strategies in response to environmental spills occurring near their headquarters. We find that, in response to nearby environmental spills, firms increase both environmental innovation input and output. Increases in managers’ perceived risk and compliance cost, in part due to public outrage and reprobation, as well as redeployment of human capital are two plausible underlying economic channels through which environmental risk affects firm innovation activities.","PeriodicalId":320822,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Agriculture","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124888523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}